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ORANGE COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT
Marine Monitoring
Annual ort
Year 2018-2019 Orange County, California
ORANGE COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT
LABORATORY, MONITORING, AND COMPLIANCE DIVISION
10844 Ellis Avenue
Fountain Valley, California 92708-7018
714.962.2411
www.ocsewers.com
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Serving: Orange County Sanitation District
Anaheirn March 13, 2020 10844 Ellis Avenue,Fountain Valley,CA 92708
714.962.2411 • www.ocsd.com
Brea
Buena Park Hope Smythe
Executive Officer
Cypress California Regional Water Quality Control Board
Santa Ana Region 8
Fountain Valley 3737 Main Street, Suite 500
Fullerton Riverside, CA 92501-3348
Garden Grove SUBJECT: Board Order No. R8-2012-0035, NPDES No. CA0110604,
2018-19 Marine Monitoring Annual Report
Huntington Beach
Irvine
Dear Ms. Smythe,
La Habra
Enclosed is the Orange County Sanitation District's (OCSD) 2018-19 Marine
La Palma Monitoring Annual Report. This report focuses on the findings and conclusions for
Los Alamitos the monitoring period July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. The results of the monitoring
program document that the discharge of our combined
Newport Beach secondary-treated wastewater and water reclamation flows (collectively,
the final effluent) into the coastal waters off Huntington Beach and Newport Beach,
Orange California, neither affected the receiving environment nor posed a risk to human
health.
i; Placentia
Santa Ana The results of the 2018-19 monitoring effort showed only minor changes in the
coastal receiving water. Plume-related changes in dissolved oxygen, pH, and light
Seal Beach transmissivity beyond the zone of initial dilution (ZID) were well within the range of
natural variability, and compliance with numeric receiving water criteria was
Stanton achieved at least 95% of the time. This demonstrated that the receiving water
Tustin outside the ZID was not degraded by OCSD's final effluent discharge. Furthermore,
the low concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria in water contact zones, together
Villa Park with the low concentrations of ammonium at depth, also suggest that the final
effluent discharge posed no human health risk and did not compromise recreational
County of Orange use.
i
8 Costa Mesa There were no impacts to the benthic animal communities within and adjacent to the
y sanitary District ZID. Infauna and fish communities in the monitoring area were healthy based on,
Midway City respectively, the low Benthic Response Index (<25) and Fish Response Index (<45)
I Sanitary District values. In addition, contaminants in all sediment samples were comparable to
background levels and no measurable toxicity was observed in whole sediment
Irvine Ranch toxicity tests. The low levels of contaminants in fish tissue samples and the absence
Water District Y p
of disease symptoms in fish samples demonstrated that the outfall was not an
Yorba Linda epicenter of disease.
Water District
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e N Our Mission: To protect public health and the environment by
providing effective wastewater collection, treatment, and recycling.
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Should you have questions regarding the information provided in this report, or wish
to meet with OCSD's staff to discuss any aspect of our ocean monitoring program,
please feel free to contact me at (714) 593-7450 or at Iwiborgca--)ocsd.com.
However, you may also contact Dr. Jeff Armstrong, the Environmental Supervisor
of our Ocean Monitoring section, who may be reached at (714) 593-7455 or at
larmstronq(cD-ocsd.com.
Lan C. Wiborg, MPH
Director of Environmental Services
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\\filer-1\Lab\890\Groups\OMP\Common\Annual Reports\2018-19 Annual Report\01 -Cover and Front Matter\Cover
Letters
Enclosure
cc: Tomas Torres, U.S. EPA, Region IX
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Serving. Orange County Sanitation District
i Anaheim 10844 Ellis Avenue,Fountain Valley,CA 92708
j 714.962.2411 • www.ocsd.com
Brea
i
Buena Park
Cypress
March 13, 2020
Fountain Valley
Fullerton
Certification Statement
Garden Grove
Huntington Beach
The following certification satisfies Attachment E of the Orange County
Irvine Sanitation District's Monitoring and Reporting Program, Order No.
l._a Habra R8-2012-0035, NPDES No. CA0110604, for the submittal of the attached
OCSD Annual Report 2020 — Marine Monitoring.
La Palma
Los Alamitos I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were
Newport Beach prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system
designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and
Orange evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or
persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for
Placentia gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there
Santa Ana are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the
Seal Beach possibility of fines and imprisonment for known violations.
Stanton
Tustin
� Villa Park
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County of Orange
Costa Mesa Lan C. Wiborg, MPH
Sanitary District Director of Environmental Services
Midway City
Sanitary District
Irvine Ranch
Water District
Yorba Linda
Water District
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"E` Our Mission: To protect public health and the environment by
providing effective wastewater collection, treatment, and recycling.
This page intentionally left blank.
Contents
Contents i
List of Tables v
List of Figures viii
Acknowledgments x
Executive Summary ES-1
WATER QUALITY ES-1
SEDIMENT QUALITY ES-1
BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES ES-1
Infaunal Communities ES-1
Demersal Fishes and Epibenthic Macro invertebrates ES-2
Contaminants in Fish Tissue ES-2
Fish Health ES-2
CONCLUSION ES-2
CHAPTER 1 The Ocean Monitoring Program 1-1
INTRODUCTION 1-1
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 1-1
DESCRIPTION OF OCSD'S OPERATIONS 1-5
REGULATORY SETTING FOR THE OCEAN MONITORING PROGRAM 1-7
REFERENCES 1-9
CHAPTER 2 Compliance Determinations 2-1
INTRODUCTION 2-1
WATER QUALITY 2-1
Offshore bacteria 2-1
Floating Particulates and Oil and Grease 2-1
Ocean Discoloration and Transparency 2-2
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 2-3
Acidity (pH) 2-3
Nutrients (Ammonium) 2-3
COP Water Quality Objectives 2-4
Radioactivity 2-4
Overall Results 2-4
i
Contents
SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 2-5
BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES 2-10
Infaunal Communities 2-10
Epibenthic Macroinvertebrate Communities 2-11
Fish Communities 2-11
FISH BIOACCUMULATION AND HEALTH 2-11
Demersal and Sport Fish Tissue Chemistry 2-11
Fish Health 2-12
Liver Histopathology 2-12
CONCLUSIONS 2-12
REFERENCES 2-20
CHAPTER 3 Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring 3-1
INTRODUCTION 3-1
STRATEGIC PROCESS STUDIES 3-1
ROMS-BEC Ocean Outfall Modeling (2019-2022) 3-1
Microplastics Characterization (2019-2020) 3-2
Contaminants of Emerging Concern Monitoring (2019-2020) 3-2
Sediment Linear Alkylbenzenes (2020-2021) 3-2
Meiofauna Baseline (2020-2021) 3-2
REGIONAL MONITORING 3-2
Regional Nearshore (Surfzone) Bacterial Sampling 3-2
Southern California Bight Regional Water Quality Program 3-3
Bight Regional Monitoring 3-4
Regional Kelp Survey Consortium — Central Region 3-5
Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Mooring 3-6
SPECIAL STUDIES 3-6
California Ocean Plan Compliance Determination Method Comparison 3-6
Fish Tracking Study 3-8
REFERENCES 3-9
APPENDIX A Methods A-1
INTRODUCTION A-1
WATER QUALITY MONITORING A-1
Field Methods A-1
Laboratory Methods A-3
ii
Contents
Data Analyses A-3
Compliance Determinations A-3
SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY MONITORING A-7
Field Methods A-7
Laboratory Methods A-7
Data Analyses A-8
BENTHIC INFAUNA MONITORING A-9
Field Methods A-9
Laboratory Methods A-9
Data Analyses A-9
TRAWL COMMUNITIES MONITORING A-10
Field Methods A-10
Laboratory Methods A-11
Data Analyses A-11
FISH TISSUE CONTAMINANTS MONITORING A-12
Field Methods A-12
Laboratory Methods A-12
Data Analyses A-12
FISH HEALTH MONITORING A-13
Field Methods A-13
Data Analyses A-13
REFERENCES A-14
APPENDIX B Supporting Data B-1
APPENDIX C Quality Assurance/Quality Control C-1
INTRODUCTION C-1
WATER QUALITY NARRATIVE C-1
Ammonium C-2
Bacteria C-4
SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY NARRATIVE C-5
PAHs, PCBs, and Organochlorine Pesticides C-5
Trace Metals C-5
Mercury C-10
DS C-10
TOC C-10
iii
Contents
Grain Size C-10
TN C-10
TP C-11
FISH TISSUE CHEMISTRY NARRATIVE C-11
Organochlorine Pesticides and PCB Congeners C-11
Lipid Content C-11
Mercury C-11
Arsenic and Selenium C-12
BENTHIC INFAUNA NARRATIVE C-13
Sorting C-13
Taxonomy C-13
REFERENCES C-15
iv
List of Tables
Table 2-1 List of compliance criteria from OCSD's NPDES permit
(Order No. R8-2012-0035, Permit No. CA0110604) and compliance status
for each criterion in 2018-19. N/A= Not Applicable. 2-2
Table 2-2 Summary of offshore water quality compliance testing results for dissolved
oxygen, pH, and light transmissivity for 2018-19. 2-6
Table 2-3 Physical properties, as well as biogeochemical and contaminant
concentrations, of sediment samples collected at each semi-annual station
in Summer 2018 compared to Effects Range-Median (ERM) and regional
values. ND = Not Detected, N/A= Not Applicable. 2-7
Table 2-4 Metal concentrations (mg/kg) in sediment samples collected at each semi-
annual station in Summer 2018 compared to Effects Range-Median (ERM)
and regional values. N/A= Not Applicable. 2-8
Table 2-5 Physical properties, as well as biogeochemical and contaminant
concentrations, of sediment samples collected at each semi-annual station
in Winter 2019 compared to Effects Range-Median (ERM) and regional
values. ND = Not Detected, N/A= Not Applicable. 2-9
Table 2-6 Metal concentrations (mg/kg) in sediment samples collected at each semi-
annual station in Winter 2019 compared to Effects Range-Median (ERM)
and regional values. ND =Not Detected, N/A= Not Applicable. 2-10
Table 2-7 Whole-sediment Eohaustorius estuarius (amphipod) toxicity test results for
2018-19. The home sediment represents the control; N/A= Not Applicable. 2-10
Table 2-8 Community measure values for each semi-annual station sampled during
the Summer 2018 infauna survey, including regional and historical values.
NC = Not Calculated. 2-12
Table 2-9 Community measure values for each semi-annual station sampled during
the Winter 2019 infauna survey, including regional and historical values.
NC = Not Calculated. 2-13
Table 2-10 Summary of epibenthic macroinvertebrate community measures for each
semi-annual station sampled during the Summer 2018 and Winter 2019
trawl surveys, including regional and historical values. NC = Not Calculated. 2-16
Table 2-11 Summary of demersal fish community measures for each semi-annual
station sampled during the Summer 2018 and Winter 2019 trawl surveys,
including regional and District historical values. NC = Not Calculated. 2-16
Table 2-12 Means and ranges of tissue contaminant concentrations in selected
flatfishes collected by trawling in July 2018 at Stations T1 (Outfall) and T11
(Non-outfall), as well as historical values. ND = Not Detected. 2-18
v
List of Tables
Table 2-13 Means and ranges of muscle tissue contaminant concentrations in selected
scorpaenid and sand bass fishes collected by rig-fishing in April/May 2019
at Zones 1 (Outfall) and 3 (Non-outfall), including historical values and state
and federal thresholds. ND = Not Detected; NC = Not Collected; N/A = Not
Applicable. 2-19
Table 3-1 Comparison of monthly California Ocean Plan compliance determinations
using OCSD and SCCWRP methodologies for dissolved oxygen, pH, and
light transmissivity for 2018-19. 3-7
Table A-1 Water quality sample collection and analysis methods by parameter during
2018-19. A-2
Table A-2 Sediment collection and analysis summary during 2018-19. A-7
Table A-3 Parameters measured in sediment samples during 2018-19. A-8
Table A-4 Benthic infauna taxonomic aliquot distribution for 2018-19. A-9
Table A-5 Fish tissue handling and analysis summary during 2018-19. A-13
Table A-6 Parameters measured in fish tissue samples during 2018-19. A-13
Table B-1 Percent of fecal indicator bacteria by quarter and depth strata for the
2018-19 REC-1 water quality surveys (5 surveys/quarter; 8 stations/survey). B-1
Table B-2 Depth-averaged total coliform bacteria (MPN/100 mL) collected in offshore
waters and used for comparison with California Ocean Plan Water-Contact
(REC-1) Standards, July 2018 through June 2019. B-2
Table B-3 Depth-averaged fecal coliform bacteria (MPN/100 mL) collected in offshore
waters and used for comparison with California Ocean Plan Water-Contact
(REC-1) Standards, July 2018 through June 2019. B-3
Table B-4 Depth-averaged enterococci bacteria (MPN/100 mL) collected in offshore
waters and used for comparison with California Ocean Plan Water-Contact
(REC-1) Standards and EPA Primary Recreation Criteria in Federal Waters,
July 2018 through June 2019. B-4
Table B-5 Summary of floatable material by station group observed during the
28-station grid water quality surveys, July 2018 through June 2019. Total
number of station visits = 336. B-5
Table B-6 Summary of floatable material by station group observed during the REC-1
water quality surveys, July 2018 through June 2019. Total number of station
visits = 108. B-5
Table B-7 Summary of Core water quality compliance parameters by quarter and depth
strata for 2018-19 (3 surveys/quarter; 28 stations/survey). B-6
Table B-8 Summary of Core water quality ammonium (mg/L) receiving water criteria by
quarter and depth strata for 2018-19 (3 surveys/quarter; 22 stations/survey). B-7
A
List of Tables
Table B-9 Species richness and abundance values of the major taxonomic groups
collected in the Middle Shelf Zone 2 stratum (51-90 m) for the 2018-19
infauna surveys. Values represent the mean and range (in parentheses). B-7
Table B-10 Abundance and species richness of epibenthic macroinvertebrates by
station and species for the Summer 2018 and Winter 2019 trawl surveys. B-8
Table B-11 Biomass (kg) of epibenthic macro invertebrates by station and species for the
Summer 2018 and Winter 2019 trawl surveys. B-9
Table B-12 Abundance and species richness of demersal fishes by station and species
for the Summer 2018 and Winter 2019 trawl surveys. B-10
Table B-13 Biomass (kg) of demersal fishes by station and species for the Summer
2018 and Winter 2019 trawl surveys. B-11
Table B-14 Summary statistics of OCSD's legacy nearshore stations for total coliform,
fecal coliform, and enterococci bacteria (CFU/100 mL) by station and quarter
during 2018-19. B-12
Table C-1 Method detection limits (MDLs) and reporting limits (RLs),
July 2018—June 2019. C-2
Table C-2 Water quality QA/QC summary, July 2018-June 2019. C-4
Table C-3 Acceptance criteria for standard reference materials, July 2018-June 2019. C-6
Table C-4 Sediment QA/QC summary, July 2018-June 2019. C-8
Table C-5 Fish tissue QA/QC summary, July 2018-June 2019. C-12
Table C-6 Percent error rates calculated for the July 2018 infauna QA samples. C-14
vii
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Regional setting and sampling area for OCSD's Ocean Monitoring Program. 1-2
Figure 1-2 United States 2010 urbanized areas. (https://www.census.gov/library/
visualizations/2010/geo/ua2010—uas—and_ucs—map.html). 1-3
Figure 1-3 Annual Newport Harbor rainfall (A) and Santa Ana River flows (B). 1-4
Figure 1-4 Monthly 2018-19 beach attendance and air temperature (A) and annual
beach attendance (B) for the City of Newport Beach, California. 1-6
Figure 1-5 OCSD's average annual influent and ocean discharge, OCWD's
reclamation, and annual population for Orange County, California, 1974-2019. 1-7
Figure 2-1 Offshore water quality monitoring stations for 2018-19. 2-3
Figure 2-2 Benthic (sediment geochemistry and infauna) monitoring stations for 2018-19. 2-4
Figure 2-3 Trawl monitoring stations, as well as rig-fishing locations, for 2018-19. 2-5
Figure 2-4 Summary of mean percent compliance for dissolved oxygen (DO), pH,
and light transmissivity for all compliance stations compared to reference
stations, 1999-2019. 2-6
Figure 2-5 Dendrogram (top panel) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS)
plot (bottom panel) of the infauna collected at within- and non-ZID stations
along the Middle Shelf Zone 2 stratum for the Summer 2018 (S) and Winter
2019 (W) benthic surveys. Stations connected by red dashed lines in the
dendrogram are not significantly differentiated based on the SIMPROF
test. The 5 main clusters formed at a 45% similarity on the dendrogram are
superimposed on the nMDS plot. 2-14
Figure 2-6 Dendrogram (top panel) and non-metric multidimensional
scaling (nMDS) plot (bottom panel) of the epibenthic
macroinvertebrates collected at outfall and
non-outfall stations along the Middle Shelf Zone 2 stratum for the Summer
2018 (S) and Winter 2019 (W) trawl surveys. Stations connected by red
dashed lines in the dendrogram are not significantly differentiated based on
the SIMPROF test. The three main clusters formed at a 50% similarity on
the dendrogram are superimposed on the nMDS plot. 2-15
Figure 2-7 Dendrogram (top panel) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS)
plot (bottom panel) of the demersal fishes collected at outfall and non-outfall
stations along the Middle Shelf Zone 2 stratum for the Summer 2018 (S) and
Winter 2019 (W) trawl surveys. Stations connected by red dashed lines in
the dendrogram are not significantly differentiated based on the SIMPROF
test. The single cluster formed at a 61% similarity on the dendrogram is
superimposed on the nMDS plot. 2-17
viii
List of Figures
Figure 3-1 Offshore and nearshore (surfzone) water quality monitoring stations for
2018-19. 3-3
Figure 3-2 Southern California Bight Regional Water Quality Program monitoring
stations for 2018-19. 3-4
Figure 3-3 OCSD's Bight'18 sampling stations. 3-5
Figure 3-4 Comparison of monthly OCSD (blue) and SCCWRP (red) California Ocean
Plan Compliance results for Program Years 2016-17 to 2018-19 (n=36). N/A
= Not Applicable. 3-8
Figure A-1 Offshore water quality monitoring stations and zones used for California
Ocean Plan compliance determinations. A-4
ix
Acknowledgments
The following individuals are acknowledged for their contributions to the 2018-19 Marine Monitoring
Annual Report:
Orange County Sanitation District Management:
Lan C. Wiborg...............................................Director, Environmental Services Department
Ron Coss................................. Manager, Laboratory, Monitoring, and Compliance Division
Dr. Jeffrey L. Armstrong.................... Environmental Supervisor, Ocean Monitoring Section
Ocean Monitoring Team:
George Robertson........................................................................................Senior Scientist
Dr. Danny Tang........................................................................................................Scientist
Kelvin Barwick................................................................ Principal Environmental Specialist
Ken Sakamoto....................................................................Senior Environmental Specialist
Hai Nguyen.........................................................................Senior Environmental Specialist
Robert Gamber...................................................................Senior Environmental Specialist
Laura Terriquez..................................................................Senior Environmental Specialist
Ernest Ruckman.................................................................Senior Environmental Specialist
Benjamin Ferraro................................................................Senior Environmental Specialist
Geoffrey Daly......................................................................... Environmental Specialist
MarkKibby.....................................................................................................Boat Captain
MeganNguyen............................................................................................................ Intern
Laboratory Team:
Miriam Angold, Jim Campbell, Dr. Sam Choi, Absalon Diaz, Arturo Diaz, Joel Finch,
Elaine Galvez, Thang Mai, Joe Manzella, Ryan McMullin, Dawn Myers, Canh Nguyen,
Thomas Nguyen, Paulo Pavia, Vanh Phonsiri, Anthony Pimentel, Larry Polk, Paul Raya,
Joseph Robledo, Jesus Rodriguez, Luis Ruiz, Dr. Yu-Li Tsai, and Brandon Yokoyama.
IT and LIMS Data Support:
Emmeline McCaw and Matthew Garchow.
Contributing Authors:
Kelvin Barwick, Dr. Sam Choi, Benjamin Ferraro, Robert Gamber, Thang Mai,
Joe Manzella, Dawn Myers, Hai Nguyen, Vanh Phonsiri, Anthony Pimentel,
George Robertson, Ernest Ruckman, Ken Sakamoto, Dr. Danny Tang, Laura Terriquez,
and Dr. Yu-Li Tsai.
x
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
To evaluate potential environmental and human health impacts from its discharge of final effluent
into the Pacific Ocean, the Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) conducts extensive water
quality, sediment quality, fish and invertebrate community, and fish health monitoring off the coastal
cities of Newport Beach and Huntington Beach, California. The discharge, consisting of secondary-
treated wastewater mixed with water reclamation flows, is released through a 120-in (305-cm)
outfall extending 4.4 miles (7.1 km) offshore in 197 ft (60 m) of water. The data collected are used
to determine compliance with receiving water conditions as specified in OCSD's National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System permit (Order No. R8-2012-0035, Permit No. CA0110604), jointly
issued in 2012 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX and the Regional Water
Quality Control Board, Region 8. This report focuses on monitoring results and conclusions from
July 2018 through June 2019.
WATER QUALITY
The public health risks and measured environmental effects to the receiving water continue to be
negligible. All state and federal offshore bacterial standards were met during the monitoring period.
Minimal plume-related changes in dissolved oxygen, pH, and light transmissivity were detected less
than 1.2 miles (2.0 km) beyond the initial mixing zone during some surveys. However, the limited,
observable plume effects occurred primarily at depth, even during the winter when stratification was
weakest. In addition, the changes were within the ranges of natural variability for the monitoring
area and reflected seasonal and yearly changes of large-scale regional influences. In summary, the
2018-19 discharge of final effluent did not greatly affect the receiving water environment; therefore,
beneficial uses were protected and maintained.
SEDIMENT QUALITY
Sediment parameters were comparable between benthic stations located within and beyond the
zone of initial dilution' (ZID), and all measured values were below applicable Effects-Range-Median
guidelines of biological concern. In addition, whole sediment toxicity tests showed no measurable
toxicity. These results, together with the presence of diverse fish and invertebrate communities
adjacent to and farther afield from the outfall (see below), indicate good sediment quality in the
monitoring area.
BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Infaunal Communities
Infaunal communities were generally similar among within-ZID and non-ZID benthic stations based
on comparable community measure values and the results of multivariate analyses. Moreover, the
infaunal communities within the monitoring area can be classified as reference condition based on
their low Benthic Response Index values (<25) and high Infaunal Trophic Index values (>60). These
results indicate that the outfall discharge had an overall negligible effect on the benthic community
structure within the monitoring area.
' The zone of initial dilution represents a 60 m area around the OCSD outfall diffuser.
ES-1
Executive Summary
Demersal Fishes and Epibenthic Macroinvertebrates
Community measure values of the epibenthic macroinvertebrates (EMIs) and demersal fishes
collected at outfall and non-outfall trawl stations were comparable and were within regional and
OCSD historical ranges. In addition, fish communities at all stations were classified as reference
condition based on their low Fish Response Index values (<45). These results indicate that the
monitoring area supports normal fish and EMI populations.
Contaminants in Fish Tissue
Concentrations of chlorinated pesticides and trace metals in muscle and/or liver tissues of flatfish
and rockfish samples were similar between outfall and non-outfall locations. Moreover, mean
concentrations of contaminants in muscle tissue of rockfish samples were below federal and state
human consumption guidelines. These results suggest that demersal fishes residing near the outfall
are not more prone to bioaccumulation of contaminants and demonstrate there is negligible human
health risk from consuming demersal fishes captured in the monitoring area.
Fish Health
The color and odor of demersal fish samples appeared normal during the monitoring period. In
addition, the low incidence (<1%) of external parasites and morphological abnormalities, combined
with the absence of tumors, fin erosion, and skin lesions, in demersal fish samples showed that
fishes in the monitoring area were healthy. These results indicate that the outfall is not an epicenter
of disease.
CONCLUSION
Consistent with previous program years, California Ocean Plan water quality criteria, as well as
state and federal bacterial standards, were met within the monitoring area in 2018-19. Sediment
quality was not degraded by chemical contaminants or by physical changes from the discharge
of final effluent. This was supported by the absence of sediment toxicity in controlled laboratory
tests, the presence of normal invertebrate and fish communities throughout the monitoring area, the
absence of symptoms of fish disease, and no exceedances in federal and state fish consumption
guidelines in rockfish samples. In summary, OCSD's discharge of final effluent neither affected the
receiving environment nor posed a risk to human health during the 2018-19 monitoring period.
ES-2
_- -=- CHAPTER 1
The Ocean Monitoring Program
INTRODUCTION
The Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) operates 2 wastewater treatment facilities located
in Fountain Valley (Plant 1) and Huntington Beach (Plant 2), California. OCSD discharges treated
wastewater to the Pacific Ocean through a 120-in (305-cm) submarine outfall located offshore of
the Santa Ana River (Figure 1-1). This discharge is regulated by the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), Region IX and the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), Region 8 under
the Federal Clean Water Act, the California Ocean Plan, and the RWQCB Basin Plan. Specific
discharge and monitoring requirements are contained in a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permit issued jointly by the EPA and the RWQCB ( _)ruer ivo. reel-zu I L-uu.5e,
NPDES Permit No. CA0110604) on June 15, 2012.
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
OCSD's ocean monitoring area is adjacent to one of the most highly urbanized areas in the
United States (Figure 1-2). The monitoring area covers most of the San Pedro Shelf and extends
southeast off the shelf (Figure 1-1). These nearshore coastal waters receive wastes from a
variety of anthropogenic sources, such as wastewater discharges, dredged material disposal, oil
and gas activities, boat/vessel discharges, urban and agricultural runoff, and atmospheric fallout.
The majority of municipal and industrial sources are located between Point Dume and San Mateo
Point (Figure 1-1) while discharges from the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers
are responsible for substantial surface water contaminant inputs to the Southern California Bight
(SCB) (Schafer and Gossett 1988, SCCWRP 1992, Schiff et al. 2000, Schiff and Tiefenthaler 2001,
Tiefenthaler et al. 2005).
The San Pedro Shelf is primarily composed of soft sediments (sands with silts and clays) and is
inhabited by biological communities typical of these environments (OCSD 2004). Seafloor depths
increase gradually from the shoreline to approximately 262 ft (80 m), after which it increases rapidly
down to the open basin. The outfall diffuser lies at about 197 ft (60 m) depth on the shelf between
the Newport and San Gabriel submarine canyons, located southeast and northwest, respectively.
The area southeast of the San Pedro Shelf is characterized by a much narrower shelf and deeper
water offshore (Figure 1-1).
The 120-in outfall represents one of the largest artificial reefs in this coastal region and supports
communities typical of hard substrates that would not otherwise be found in the monitoring area
(Lewis and McKee 1989, OCSD 2000). Together with OCSD's 78-in (198-cm) outfall, approximately
1.1 x 106 ft2 (102,193 m2) of seafloor was converted from a flat, sandy habitat into a raised,
hard-bottom substrate.
1-1
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Figure 1-1 Regional setting and sampling area for OCSD's Ocean Monitoring Program.
Conditions within OCSD's monitoring area are affected by both regional- and local-scale
oceanographic influences. Large regional climatic and current conditions, such as El Nino and
the California Current, influence the water characteristics and the direction of water flow along
the Orange County coastline (Hood 1993). Locally, the predominant low-frequency current flows
in the monitoring area are alongshore (i.e., either upcoast or downcoast) with minor across-shelf
(i.e., toward the beach) transport (OCSD 1997, 1998, 2004, 2011; SAIC 2001, 2009, 2011). The
specific direction of the flows varies with depth and is subject to reversals over time periods of days
to weeks (SAIC 2011).
Other natural oceanographic processes, such as upwelling, coastal eddies and algal blooms, also
influence the characteristics of receiving waters on the San Pedro Shelf. Tidal flows, currents,
and internal waves mix and transport OCSD's wastewater discharge with coastal waters and
resuspended sediments. Tidal currents in the monitoring area are relatively weak compared to
lower frequency currents, which are responsible for transporting material over long distances
(OCSD 2001, 2004). Combined, these processes contribute to the variability of seawater
movement observed within the monitoring area. Harmful algal blooms, while variable, have both
regional and local distributions that can impact human and marine organism health (UCSC 2018,
CeNCOOS 2019).
Episodic storms, drought, and climatic cycles influence environmental conditions and biological
communities within the monitoring area. For example, stormwater runoff has a large influence on
1-2
The Ocean Monitoring Program
•t.,M� Py. 0 500MIles
• k:i �Tii F' #'• .Urbanized Area
* Urban Cluster
•} .
VV tetl States di
o too Mlle: Sus •o_soMues
Source:U.S.Census Bureau,2010 Census Urban Area Delineation Program
Figure 1-2 United States 2010 urbanized areas. (https://www.census.gov/library/
visual izations/2010/geo/ua2010_uas_and_ucs_map.html).
sediment movement in the region (Brownlie and Taylor 1981, Warrick and Millikan 2003). Major
storms contribute large amounts of contaminants to the ocean and can generate waves capable
of extensive shoreline erosion, sediment resuspension, and movement of sediments along
the coast as well as offshore. Some of the greatest effects are produced by wet weather cycles,
periods of drought, and periodic oceanographic events, such as El Nino and La Nina conditions. An
understanding of the effects of the inputs from rivers and watersheds, particularly non-point source
runoff, is important for evaluating spatial and temporal trends in the environmental quality of coastal
areas. River flows, together with urban stormwater runoff, represent significant, episodic sources
of fresh water, sediments, suspended particles, nutrients, bacteria and other contaminants to the
coastal area (Hood 1993, Grant et al. 2001, Warwick et al. 2007), although some studies indicate
that the spatial impact of these effects may be limited (Ahn et al. 2005, Reifel et al. 2009). While
many of the materials supplied to coastal waters by rivers are essential to natural biogeochemical
cycles, an excess or a deficit may have important environmental and human health consequences.
For 2018-19, both annual rainfall (NCEI 2019) and Santa Ana River flows (USGS 2019) were at
or above historical averages (Figure 1-3). A previous year of well below average rainfall led to
high quality beaches, with 95% of southern California beaches receiving "grades" of A or B by
Heal the Bay (2019).
Beaches are a primary reason for people to visit coastal California (Kildow and Colgan 2005,
NOAA 2015). Although highest visitations occur during the warmer, summer months, southern
1-3
The Ocean Monitoring Program
30
A
25
20
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N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Program Year(July to June)
Figure 1-3 Annual Newport Harbor rainfall (A) and Santa Ana River flows (B).
1-4
The Ocean Monitoring Program
California's Mediterranean climate and convenient beach access results in significant year-round
use by the public (Figure 1-4). For 2018-19, beach attendance for the City of Newport Beach
was just below 7.5 million. A large percentage of the local economies rely on beach use and its
associated recreational activities, which are highly dependent upon local water quality conditions
(Turbow and Jiang 2004, Leeworthy and Wiley 2007, Leggett et al. 2014). In 2012, Orange
County's coastal economy accounted for $3.8 billion (2%) of the County's Gross Domestic Product
(NOAA 2015). It has been estimated that a single day of beach closure at Bolsa Chica State Beach
would result in an economic loss of$7.3 million (WHOI 2003).
DESCRIPTION OF OCSD'S OPERATIONS
OCSD's mission is to safely collect, process, recycle, and dispose of treated wastewater while
protecting human health and the environment in accordance with federal, state, and local laws
and regulations. These objectives are achieved through extensive industrial pre-treatment
(source control), secondary treatment processes, biosolids management, and water reuse
programs.
OCSD's 2 wastewater treatment plants receive domestic sewage from approximately 80% of the
County's 3.2 million residents and industrial wastewater from 688 permitted businesses within its
service area. Under normal operations, the treated wastewater (effluent) is discharged through
a 120-in diameter ocean outfall, which extends 4.4 miles (7.1 km) from the Huntington Beach
shoreline (Figure 1-1). The last 1.1 miles (1.8 km) of the outfall consists of a diffuser with 503 ports
that discharge the treated effluent at an approximate depth of 60 m.
OCSD will accept up to 10 million gallons per day (MGD; 3.8 x 10' L/day) of dry-weather urban
runoff that would otherwise have entered the ocean without treatment (OCSD 2019). The collection
and treatment of dry-weather runoff, which began as a regional effort to reduce beach bacterial
pollution associated with chronic dry-weather flows, has grown to include accepting diversions of
high selenium flows to protect Orange County's waterways. Currently there are 21 active diversions
including stormwater pump stations, the Santa Ana River, several creeks, and 3 flood control
channels. For 2018-19, OCSD treated 337 million gallons (MG; 1.3 x 109 L) of flow, nearly identical
to the 2013-2018 average yearly flow of 378 MG (1.4 x 109 L). Monthly average daily diversion
flows ranged from 0.3-1.6 MGD (1.1-6.1 x 106 L/day) with an average daily amount of 1 MGD
(3.8 x 106 L/day).
OCSD has a long history of providing treated effluent to the Orange County Water District
(OCWD) for water reclamation starting with Water Factory 21 in the late 1970s. Since July 1986,
3-10 MGD (1.1-3.8 x 107 L/day) of the final effluent have been provided to OCWD where it
received further (tertiary) treatment to remove residual solids in support of the Green Acres Project
(GAP). OCWD provides this water for a variety of uses including public landscape irrigation (e.g.,
freeways, golf courses) and for use as a saltwater intrusion barrier in the local aquifer OCWD
manages. In 2007-08, OCSD began diverting additional flows to OCWD for the Groundwater
Replenishment System (GWRS) totaling 35 MGD (1.3 x 108 L/day). Over time, the average net
GAP and GWRS diversions (diversions minus return flows to OCSD) increased to 44 MGD
(1.7 x 101 L/day) in 2008-09, 61 MGD (2.3 x 10$ L/day) in 2013-14, and 97 MGD (3.7 x 101 L/day)
in 2018-19 (Figure 1-5).
During 2018-19, OCSD's 2 wastewater treatment plants received and processed influent volumes
averaging 191 MGD (7.2 x 101 L/day). After diversions to the GAP and GWRS and the return of
OCWD's reject flows (e.g., brines), OCSD discharged an average of 104 MGD (3.9 x 101 L/day) of
treated wastewater to the ocean (Figure 1-5).
1-5
The Ocean Monitoring Program
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N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Program Year(July to June)
Figure 1-4 Monthly 2018-19 beach attendance and air temperature (A) and annual beach
attendance (B) for the City of Newport Beach, California.
1-6
The Ocean Monitoring Program
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Program Year(July to June)
Figure 1-5 OCSD's average annual influent and ocean discharge, OCWD's reclamation, and
annual population for Orange County, California, 1974-2019.
Prior to 1990, the annual wastewater discharge volumes increased faster than Orange County
population growth (CDF 2019) (Figure 1-5). Wastewater flows decreased in 1991-92 due to drought
conditions and water conservation measures and then rose at the same rate as the population until
the end of the late 1990s. Since then, influent flows have decreased. Reductions in influent flows
have been attributed to improved water efficiency and decreases in water use.
The combined effect of reduced influent and increased water reclamation flows have dramatically
reduced ocean discharge flows.
REGULATORY SETTING FOR THE OCEAN MONITORING PROGRAM
OCSD's NPDES permit includes requirements to monitor influent, effluent, and the receiving water.
Effluent flows, constituent concentrations, and toxicity are monitored to determine compliance with
permit limits and to provide data for interpreting changes to receiving water conditions. Wastewater
impacts to coastal receiving waters are evaluated by OCSD's Ocean Monitoring Program (OMP)
based on 3 inter-related components: (1) Core monitoring, (2) Strategic Process Studies (SPS), and
(3) Regional monitoring. In addition, OCSD conducts special studies not required under the existing
NPDES permit. Information obtained from each of these program components is used to further the
understanding of the coastal ocean environment and improve interpretations of the monitoring data.
These program elements are summarized below.
1-7
The Ocean Monitoring Program
The Core monitoring program was designed to measure compliance with permit conditions and for
temporal trend analysis. Four major components comprise the program: (1) coastal oceanography
and water quality, (2) sediment quality, (3) benthic infaunal community health, and (4) demersal
fish and epibenthic macroinvertebrate community health, which include fish tissue contaminant
analyses.
OCSD conducts SPS, as well as other smaller special studies, to provide information about relevant
coastal and ecotoxicological processes that are not addressed by Core monitoring. Recent studies
have included contributions to the development of ocean circulation and biogeochemical models
and fish tracking.
Since 1994, OCSD has participated in 6 regional monitoring studies of environmental conditions
within the SCB: 1994 Southern California Bight Pilot Project, Bight'98, Bight'03, Bight'08, Bight'13,
and Bight'18. OCSD plays an integral role in these regional projects by leading many of the
program design decisions and conducting field sampling, sample analysis, data analysis, and
reporting. Results from these efforts provide information that is used by individual dischargers, local,
state, and federal resource managers, researchers, and the public to improve understanding of
regional environmental conditions. This provides a larger-scale perspective for comparisons with
data collected from local, individual point sources. Program documents and reports can be found at
the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project's website
Other collaborative regional monitoring efforts include:
• Participation in the Southern California Bight Regional Water Quality Program (previously
known as the Central Bight Water Quality Program), a water quality sampling effort with
other Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) such as the City of Oxnard, the City of Los
Angeles, the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles, and the City of San Diego.
• Supporting and working with the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System to
upgrade sensors on the Newport Pier Automated Shore Station (http://www.sccoos.org/data/
autos).
• Partnering with the Orange County Health Care Agency and other local POTWs to conduct
regional nearshore (aka surfzone) bacterial monitoring used to determine the need for
beach postings and/or closure.
• Collaborating on a regional aerial kelp monitoring program.
The complexities of the environmental setting and related difficulties in assigning a cause or source
to a pollution event are the rationale for OCSD's extensive OMP. The program has contributed
substantially to the understanding of water quality and environmental conditions along Orange
County beaches and coastal ocean reach. The large amount of information collected provides a
broad understanding of both natural and anthropogenic processes that affect coastal oceanography
and marine biology, the near-coastal ocean ecosystem, and its related beneficial uses.
This report presents OMP compliance determinations for data collected from July 2018 through
June 2019. Compliance determinations were made by comparing OMP findings to the criteria
specified in OCSD's NPDES permit. Any related special studies or regional monitoring efforts are
also documented.
1-8
The Ocean Monitoring Program
REFERENCES
Ahn, J.H., S.B. Grant, C.Q. Surbeck, P.M. Digiacomo, N.P. Nezlin, and S. Jiang. 2005. Coastal water quality
impact of stormwater runoff from an urban watershed in Southern California. Environ. Sci. Technol.
39:5940-5953.
Brownlie, W.D. and B.D. Taylor. 1981. Sediment management for Southern California mountains, coastal
plains, and shorelines. Part C. Coastal Sediment Delivery by Major Rivers in Southern California.
Environmental Quality Laboratory Report 17C. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.
CDF (California State Department of Finance). 2019. Demographic Reports. California County Population
Estimates and Components of Change by Year - July 1, 2010-2016. Internet address:
dot.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Estimates/E-2/2010-16/. (December 2019).
CeNCOOS (Central and Northern California Ocean Observation System. 2019. Harmful Algal Bloom Impacts.
Internet address: https://www.cencoos.org/learn/blooms/habs/impacts. (January 2019).
City of Newport Beach. 2019. Fire Department/Marine Operations Division Beach Monthly Statistics.
Unpublished data. (November 2019).
Grant, S.B., B.F. Sanders, A.B. Boehm, J.A. Redman, J.H. Kim, R.D. Mrse, A.K. Chu, M. Gouldin, C.D.
McGee, N.A. Gardiner, B.H. Jones, J. Svejkovsky, G.V. Leipzig, and A. Brown. 2001. Generation of
enterococci bacteria in a coastal saltwater marsh and its impacts on surf zone water quality. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 35:2407-2416.
Heal the Bay. 2019. 2018-19 Beach Report Card. Internet address: https://healthebay.org/wp-content/
uploads/2019/06/BRC_2019_FINAL2.pdf. (December 2019).
Hood, D. 1993. Ecosystem relationships. In: Ecology of the Southern California Bight: A Synthesis and
Interpretation (M.D. Dailey, D.J. Reish, and J.W. Anderson - Eds.). University of California Press,
Berkeley, CA. p. 782-835.
Kildow, J.T. and C.S. Colgan. 2005. California's Ocean Economy. Publications. 8. Internet address: https://
cbe.miis.edu/noep_put)ijcations/t5. (December 19, 2018).
Leeworthy, V.R. and P.C. Wiley. 2007. Economic Value and Impact of Water Quality Change for Long Beach
in Southern California. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Report, Silver Spring, MD.
Leggett, C., N. Scherer, M. Curry, R. Bailey, and T. Haab. 2014. Assessing the Economic Benefits of
Reductions in Marine Debris: A Pilot Study of Beach Recreation in Orange County, California. Final,
Marine Debris Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Cambridge: Industrial
Economics Incorporated. Internet address: https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/report/economic-study-
shows-marine-debris-costs-california-residents-millions-dollars. (December 17, 2018).
Lewis, R.D. and K.K. McKee. 1989. A Guide to the Artificial Reefs of Southern California. California
Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, CA.
NCEI (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information). 2019. Daily Global Historical Climatology
Network, Newport Harbor, California (Station USC00046175). Internet address: https://www.ncd(,
noaa.yuviuuu-web/datasets/GHCND/stations/GHCND:USC00046175/detail. (October 2019).
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2015. The National Significance of California's
Ocean Economy. Final Report Prepared for the NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Internet
address: https://coast.noaa.gov/data/digitalcoast/pdf/california-ocean-economy.pdf (November 30,
2016).
OCSD (Orange County Sanitation District). 1997. Annual Report, July 1995-June 1996. Marine Monitoring.
Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 1998.Annual Report, July 1996-June 1997. Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 2000.Annual Report, July 1998-June 1999. Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 2001.Annual Report, July 1999-June 2000. Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
1-9
The Ocean Monitoring Program
OCSD. 2004. OCSD Annual Report 2003: Ocean Monitoring Program Science Report (July 1985-June
2003). Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 2011.Annual Report, July 2009-June 2010. Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 2019. 2018-19 Annual Report. Resource Protection Division, Pretreatment Program. Fountain Valley,
CA.
Reifel, K.M., S.C. Johnson, P.M. DiGiacomo, M.J. Mengel, N.P. Nezlin, J.A. Warrick, and B.H. Jones.
2009. Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight - Relationships among plume
constituents. Cont. Shelf Res. 29:1821-1835.
SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation). 2001. Strategic Processes Study#1: Plume Tracking-
Ocean Currents. Final Report Prepared for the Orange County Sanitation District. Fountain Valley,
CA.
SAIC. 2009. Orange County Sanitation District Ocean Current Studies: Analyses of Inter- and Intra-Annual
Variability in Coastal Currents. Final Report Prepared for the Orange County Sanitation District.
Fountain Valley, CA.
SAIC. 2011. Statistical Analysis of Multi-Year Currents at Inshore Locations in San Pedro Bay. Final Report
Prepared for the Orange County Sanitation District. Fountain Valley, CA.
SCCWRP (Southern California Coastal Water Research Project). 1992. Southern California Coastal Water
Research Project Biennial Report 1990-91 and 1991-92 (J.N. Cross and C. Francisco - Eds.). Long
Beach, CA.
Schafer, H.A. and R.W. Gossett. 1988. Characteristics of Stormwater Runoff from the Los Angeles and
Ventura Basins. Technical Report Number 221. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project,
Long Beach, CA.
Schiff, K.C., M.J.Allen, E.Y. Zeng, and S.M. Bay. 2000. Southern California. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 41:76-93.
Schiff, K. and L. Tiefenthaler. 2001. Anthropogenic versus natural mass emissions from an urban watershed.
In: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Annual Report, 1999-2000 (S.B. Weisberg
and D. Elmore - Eds.). Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Westminster, CA. p.
63-70.
Tiefenthaler, L.L., K.S. Schiff, and M.K. Leecaster. 2005. Temporal variability in patterns of stormwater
concentrations in urban runoff. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2005.
10.2175/193864705783966837.
Turbow, D.T. and L.S. Jiang. 2004. Impacts of beach closure events on perception of swimming related health
risks in Orange County, California. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 48:312-316.
UCSC (University of California, Santa Cruz): Biological and Satellite Oceanography Laboratory. 2018. A
Primer on California Marine Harmful Algal Blooms. Internet address: ittp://oceandatacenter.ucsc.edu/
home/outreach/HABwestcoast20l8.pcI . (January 2019).
USGS (United States Geological Survey). 2019. Santa Ana River: USGS, 5th Street Station, Santa Ana.
Internet address: nttp://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/uv?site_no=l10780C . (October 2019).
Warrick, J.A. and J.D. Millikan. 2003. Hyperpycnal sediment discharge from semiarid southern California
rivers: Implications for coastal sediment budgets. Geology 31:781-784.
Warrick, J.A., P.M. DiGiacomo, S.B. Weisberg, N.P. Nezlin, M. Mengel, B.H. Jones, J.C. Ohlmann, L.
Washburn, E.J. Terrill, and K.L. Farnsworth. 2007. River plume patterns and dynamics within the
Southern California Bight. Cont. Shelf Res. 27:2427-2448.
WHOI (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute). 2003. An Inventory of California Coastal Economic Sectors.
Internet address: http://www.whoi.edu/mpcweb/research/NOPP/California%20region%20
progress%20report%20Jan03.pdf. (November 30, 2016).
1-10
CHAPTER 2
Compliance Determinations
INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides compliance results for the 2018-19 monitoring year for the Orange County
Sanitation District's (OCSD) Ocean Monitoring Program (OMP). The program includes sample
collection, analysis, and data interpretation to evaluate potential impacts of wastewater discharge
on the following receiving water characteristics:
• Bacterial
• Physical
• Chemical
• Biological
• Radioactivity
Each of these characteristics have specific criteria (Table 2-1) for which permit compliance must be
determined each monitoring year based on the Federal Clean Water Act, the California Ocean Plan
(COP), and the Regional Water Quality Control Board Basin Plan.
The 2018-19 Core OMP sampling locations included 28 offshore water quality stations, 29 benthic
stations to assess sediment chemistry and bottom-dwelling communities, 6 trawl stations to
evaluate demersal fish and macroinvertebrate communities, and 2 rig-fishing zones for assessing
human health risk from the consumption of sport fishes (Figures 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3). Monitoring
frequencies varied by component and ranged from 2-5 days per week for nearshore (also called
surfzone) water quality to annual assessments of fish health and tissue analyses (see Appendix A).
WATER QUALITY
Offshore bacteria
For all 3 fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), over 98% of the samples were below their 30-day geomean
values (Table B-1). Overall, less than 1% of the samples exceeded single sample criteria with
the highest density observed for any single sample at any single depth for total coliforms, fecal
coliforms, and enterococci was 4,611, 583, and 1,467 MPN/100 mL, respectively. With most
(61-89%) samples being below detection, the majority of the depth-averaged values used for water
contact compliance were below detection (Tables B-2, B-3, and B-4). Compliance for all 3 FIB
was achieved 100% for both state and federal criteria, indicating no impact of bacteria to offshore
receiving waters.
Floating Particulates and Oil and Grease
There were no observations of oils and grease or floating particles of sewage origin at any
inshore (Zone A) or offshore (Zone B) station groups in 2018-19 (Tables B-5 and B-6). Therefore,
compliance was achieved.
2-1
Compliance Determinations
Table 2-1 List of compliance criteria from OCSD's NPDES permit (Order No. R8-2012-0035,
Permit No. CA0110604) and compliance status for each criterion in 2018-19.
N/A= Not Applicable.
Criteria Criteria Met
Bacterial Characteristics
V.A.1.a.For the CA Ocean Plan Water-Contact Standards,total coliform density shall not exceed a 30-day Geometric Mean of 1,000 Yes
per 100 mL nor a single sample maximum of 10,000 per 100 mL.The total coliform density shall not exceed 1,000 per 100
mL when the single sample maximum fecal coliform/total coliform ratio exceeds 0.1.
V.A.1.a.For the CA Ocean Plan Water-Contact Standards,fecal coliform density shall not exceed a 30-day Geometric Mean of 200 Yes
per 100 mL nor a single sample maximum of 400 per 100 mL.
V.A.1.a.For the CA Ocean Plan Water-Contact Standards,enterococci density shall not exceed a 30-day Geometric Mean of 35 per Yes
100 mL nor a single sample maximum of 104 per 100 mL.
V.A.1.b. For the USEPA Primary Recreation Criteria in Federal Waters, enterococci density shall not exceed a 30 day Geometric Yes
Mean(per 100 mL)of 35 nor a single sample maximum(per 100 mL)of 104 for designated bathing beach,158 for moderate
use,276 for light use,and 501 for infrequent use.
V.A.1.c. For the CA Ocean Plan Shellfish Harvesting Standards,the median total coliform density shall not exceed 70 per 100 mL, N/A
and not more than 10 percent of the samples shall exceed 230 per 100 mL.
Physical Characteristics
V.A.2.a.Floating particulates and grease and oil shall not be visible. Yes
V.A.2.b.The discharge of waste shall not cause aesthetically undesirable discoloration of the ocean surface. Yes
V.A.2.c. Natural light shall not be significantly reduced at any point outside the initial dilution zone as a result of the discharge of Yes
waste.
V.A.2.d.The rate of deposition of inert solids and the characteristics of inert solids in ocean sediments shall not be changed such that Yes
benthic communities are degraded.
Chemical Characteristics
V.A.3.a. The dissolved oxygen concentration shall not at any time be depressed more than 10 percent from that which occurs Yes
naturally,as the result of the discharge of oxygen demanding waste materials.
V.A.3.b.The pH shall not be changed at any time more than 0.2 units from that which occurs naturally. Yes
V.A.3.c.The dissolved sulfide concentration of waters in and near sediments shall not be significantly increased above that present Yes
under natural conditions.
V.A.3.d.The concentration of substances,set forth in Chapter ll,Table 1 (formerly Table B)of the Ocean Plan,in marine sediments Yes
shall not be increased to levels which would degrade indigenous biota.
V.A.3.e.The concentration of organic materials in marine sediments shall not be increased to levels which would degrade marine life. Yes
V.A.3.f.Nutrient materials shall not cause objectionable aquatic growths or degrade indigenous biota. Yes
V.A.3.g.The concentrations of substances,set forth in Chapter ll,Table 1 (formerly Table B)of the Ocean Plan,shall not be exceeded Yes
in the area within the waste field where initial dilution is completed.
Biological Characteristics
V.AA.a.Marine communities,including vertebrate,invertebrate,and plant species,shall not be degraded. Yes
V.A.4.b. The natural taste, odor, and color of fish, shellfish, or other marine resources used for human consumption shall not be Yes
altered.
V.AA.c.The concentration of organic materials in fish, shellfish, or other marine resources used for human consumption shall not Yes
bioaccumulate to levels that are harmful to human health.
V.A.5. Discharge of radioactive waste shall not degrade marine life. Yes
Ocean Discoloration and Transparency
The water clarity standards were met 99.2% and 97.8% of the time for Zone A and B station groups,
respectively, with an overall compliance rate of 98.5% (Table 2-2). This is above the 20-year
average of 95% (Figure 2-4). All light transmissivity values (Table B-7) were within natural ranges
of variability to which marine organisms are exposed (OCSD 1996a). Hence, there were no impacts
from the wastewater discharge relative to ocean discoloration at any offshore station.
2-2
Compliance Determinations
10m
2ft.
J
Reclamation
�P Plant 1
Huntington
Beach
30m Treatment
24030 Plant 2
23510 Newport
2404U Beach
40m 2303*
23520
24050 22230
2304*
23530 2203*
24060 22240,
50m 23050 2183S
23540 22040
60m 22250 21030
2306* 2184S
SOm
22
100m 22260 2104�•_
2185*
22060
21050
200m � 2186*
2106*
300m N CTD profiling only
0 0.75 1.5 3 Miles • CTD profiling+ammonium samples
• CTD profiling+ammonium and bacteria samples
0 1.25 2.5 5 Kilometers —Ocean Outfalls
OCSD February 2020
Esri,Garmin.GEBCO,NOAA NGDC,and other contributors
Figure 2-1 Offshore water quality monitoring stations for 2018-19.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
In 2018-19, compliance was met 97.3% for Zone A and 92.4% for Zone B with a combined
compliance of 94.9% (Table 2-2), slightly below the 20-year average of 96% (Figure 2-4). The
DO values (Table B-7) were well within the range of long-term monitoring results (OCSD 1996b,
2004). Thus, it was determined that there were no environmentally significant effects to DO from the
wastewater discharge.
Acidity (pH)
Compliance was nearly 100% for Zone A and 97% for Zone B; the combined overall compliance
was 98.3% which was above the 20-year average of 95% (Table 2-2; Figure 2-4). There were no
environmentally significant effects to pH from the wastewater discharge as the measured values
(Table B-7) were within the range to which marine organisms are naturally exposed.
Nutrients (Ammonium)
For the 2018-19 program year, nearly 80% of the samples were below the method detection
limit (Table B-8). Detectable ammonium concentrations, including estimated values, ranged from
0.014 to 0.379 mg/L. Plume-related changes in ammonium were not considered environmentally
significant as maximum values were 10 times less than the chronic (4 mg/L) and 15 times less
than the acute (6 mg/L) toxicity standards of the COP (SWRCB 2012). In addition, there were no
detectable plankton-associated impacts (i.e., excessive plankton blooms caused by the discharge).
2-3
Compliance Determinations
68
0 69
60m ° 0 70
72 84 0 71
° 0 73 0 74 0
70m 0 ° 75
860 0
850
0 °ZB o 4 Treatment
0 076 Plant 2
3
79° 87° p2
800 078 77
810
82'
Esri,Garmin,GEBCO,NOAA NGDC,and other contributors
78"OUtfall
CON
°
60m C /120"Outfall
0
loom
I I
o ° 0 I
° o 0 0 0 I
°0° 0 o I
0 ° o °
° ° °0 0 0 0
I I
I
300m - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
0 0.42 0.83 1.67 2.5 Miles
0 1 2 3 4 Kilamelers
o Semi-annual Benthic Station(n=29)
OCSD March 2020
Esri,Garmin,GEBCO,NOAA NGDC,and other contributors
Figure 2-2 Benthic (sediment geochemistry and infauna) monitoring stations for 2018-19.
COP Water Quality Objectives
OCSD's NPDES permit contains 8 constituents from Table 1 (formerly Table B) of the COP that
have effluent limitations (see Table 9 of the permit). During the period from July 2018 through June
2019, none of these constituents exceeded their respective effluent limitations, so receiving water
compliance was met.
Radioactivity
Pursuant to OCSD's NPDES Permit, OCSD measures the influent and the effluent for radioactivity
but not the receiving waters. The results of the influent and the effluent analyses during 2018-19
indicated that both state and federal standards were consistently met and are published in OCSD's
Discharge Monitoring Reports. As fish and invertebrate communities are diverse and healthy,
compliance was met.
Overall Results
Overall, results from OCSD's 2018-19 water quality monitoring program detected minor changes
in measured water quality parameters related to the discharge of wastewater to the coastal ocean.
This is consistent with previously reported results (e.g., OCSD 2017). Plume-related changes
in DO, pH, and light transmissivity were measurable beyond the initial mixing zone during some
surveys. This usually extended only into the nearfield stations, typically <2 km away from the
2-4
Compliance Determinations
Reclamation
Plant 1
Treatment
Photo78"Outfall
♦
T11
."♦ O ♦�
i
n3 T17
som 4♦ �� • T12
♦ . O •♦ \(♦♦ 0 1
loom ♦ T23
•
`�`♦ T22 ,. ' 120"Outfall
300m
0 1 z a woes • Semi-annual Trawl Station m=6)
Rig-fishing Boundary m=2)
0 1.57 3.15 6.3 Klbmeters
OCSD March 2020
Esri,Garmin,GEBCO,NOAA NGDC,and other contributors
Figure 2-3 Trawl monitoring stations, as well as rig-fishing locations, for 2018-19.
outfall, consistent with past findings. None of these changes were determined to be environmentally
significant since they fell within natural ranges to which marine organisms are exposed
(OCSD 1996a, 2004; Wilber and Clarke 2001, Chavez et al. 2002, Jarvis et al. 2004, Allen et al.
2005, Hsieh et al. 2005). Overall, the public health risks and measured environmental effects to
the receiving water continue to be small. All values were within the ranges of natural variability for
the monitoring area and reflected seasonal and yearly changes of large-scale regional influences.
The limited observable plume effects occurred primarily at depth, even during the winter when
stratification was weakest. In summary, OMP staff concluded that the discharge in 2018-19 did not
demonstrably affect the receiving water environment and that beneficial uses were protected and
maintained.
SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY
The physical properties and chemical concentrations of sediment samples collected in the summer
and winter surveys were similar between the within-ZID and non-ZID station groups (Tables 2-3,
2-4, 2-5, and 2-6). Chemical contaminant concentrations of the sediment samples were also well
below applicable Effects Range-Median (ERM) guidelines of biological concern (Long et al. 1995)
and were comparable to regional values. Furthermore, there was no measurable sediment toxicity
at any of the 9 stations monitored in the winter survey (Table 2-7). These results indicate that
compliance was met.
2-5
Compliance Determinations
Table 2-2 Summary of offshore water quality compliance testing results for dissolved oxygen,
pH, and light transmissivity for 2018-19.
Number of Out-of-Range Occurrences Out-of-Compliance
Parameter Observations
Number Percent Number Percent
Zone A Stations(Inshore Station Group)
Dissolved Oxygen 523 56 10.7% 14 2.7%
pH 523 39 7.5% 1 0.2%
Light Transmissivity 523 258 49.3% 4 0.8%
Zone 8 Stations(Offshore Station Group)
Dissolved Oxygen 503 52 10.3% 38 7.6%
pH 503 16 3.2% 16 3.2%
Light Transmissivity 503 94 18.7% 11 2 2%
Zone A and Zone 8 Stations Combined
Dissolved Oxygen 1026 108 10.5% 52 5.1%
pH 1026 55 5.4% 17 1.7%
Light Transmissivity 1026 352 34.3% 15 1.5%
■Dissolved Oxygen ■pH ■Light Transmissivity
100
90
y 80
U
C
to
.Q
E
O
U
0 70
60
50
O N M LO W r.- W O) O N M VLOco n W O
O O O O O O O O O O
O O N M V 0 W r- W O _O _ N_
m O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
� N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Program Year(July to June)
Figure 2-4 Summary of mean percent compliance for dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and light
transmissivity for all compliance stations compared to reference stations, 1999-2019.
2-6
Compliance Determinations
Table 2-3 Physical properties, as well as biogeochemical and contaminant concentrations, of
sediment samples collected at each semi-annual station in Summer 2018 compared
to Effects Range-Median (ERM) and regional values. ND = Not Detected, N/A = Not
Applicable.
Nominal Median Fines TOC Sulfides Total P Total N EPAH EDDT EPest EPCB
Station Depth Phi (%) N (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg)
(m) (41)
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-ZID(51-90 m)
1 56 3.15 7.1 0.38 ND 1000 70 59.9 1.42 ND 0.51
3 60 3.06 9.8 0.42 1.91 1000 130 43.9 1.53 ND 1.56
5 59 3.34 10.0 0.42 1.61 1000 100 40.5 1.55 ND ND
9 59 2.90 7.2 0.36 2.54 860 390 89.2 1.24 ND ND
12 58 2.75 6.4 0.37 2.33 750 420 45.2 1.18 ND ND
68 52 3.31 11.0 0.42 ND 950 420 82.1 2.94 ND ND
69 52 3.20 9.1 0.38 1.71 1000 410 69.0 1.41 ND 4.31
70 52 3.22 15.4 0.41 ND 940 460 47.3 1.54 ND ND
71 52 3.06 9.1 0.34 1.28 860 430 47.2 1.23 ND ND
72 55 3.21 8.6 0.39 1.61 980 420 87.1 1.52 ND 29.89
73 55 3.13 10.1 0.50 2.43 1100 390 89.6 1.87 ND 12.49
74 57 3.06 10.4 0.39 2.72 980 480 49.7 1.18 ND 15.50
75 60 3.00 6.4 0.34 1.75 950 410 72.9 1.23 ND 11.99
77 60 3.01 7.5 0.38 2.38 1000 440 110.5 1.29 ND ND
78 63 3.03 8.0 0.37 2.41 950 380 61.3 1.23 ND ND
79 65 3.16 10.8 0.38 3.53 960 370 62.8 1.13 1.00 0.24
80 65 3.29 14.1 0.39 2.02 940 350 22.6 1.19 ND ND
81 65 3.14 11.3 0.37 4.77 910 340 ND ND ND ND
82 65 2.76 6.3 0.34 1.45 820 70 29.6 ND ND ND
84 54 3.14 10.8 0.51 2.18 1100 430 137.1 0.86 ND 7.29
85 57 2.98 7.3 0.49 3.23 1300 130 200.5 1.69 ND 28.60
86 57 3.00 7.1 0.45 2.79 1400 69 527.2 0.88 ND 15.21
87 60 3.09 8.2 0.37 1.47 1100 380 63.8 ND ND ND
C 56 3.04 8.3 0.37 2.56 990 330 37.3 ND ND ND
CON 59 3.20 9.7 0.39 1.78 1000 370 28.2 1.10 ND ND
Mean 3.09 9.2 0.40 2.29 994 328 87.7 1.17 0.04 5.10
Middle Shelf Zone 2, Within-ZID(51-90 m)
0 56 2.99 7.0 0.49 2.01 1400 110 249.5 1.59 ND 5.59
4 56 3.03 6.4 0.34 ND 950 90 21.5 1.13 ND ND
76 58 2.99 8.1 0.37 2.24 1100 360 38.4 1.13 ND 0.68
ZB 56 3.01 7.4 0.41 2.03 970 360 116.7 ND ND 2.08
Mean 3.00 7.2 0.40 2.09 1105 230 106.5 0.96 ND 2.09
Sediment quality guidelines
ERM N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 44792.0 46.10 N/A 180.00
Regional summer values(area weighted mean)
Bight'l3 Middle Shelf N/A 48.0 0.70 N/A N/A 690 55.0 18.00 N/A 2.70
2-7
Compliance Determinations
Table 2-4 Metal concentrations (mg/kg) in sediment samples collected at each semi-annual
station in Summer 2018 compared to Effects Range-Median (ERM) and regional
values. N/A= Not Applicable.
Nominal
Station Depth Sb As Ba Be Cd Cr Cu Pb Hg Ni Se Ag Zn
(m)
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-ZID(51-90 m)
1 56 0.1 3.91 36.8 0.26 0.14 18.20 8.54 6.31 0.02 8.1 1.38 0.12 38.9
3 60 0.1 3.50 32.2 0.27 0.15 18.60 8.65 5.93 0.04 8.4 1.21 0.11 43.4
5 59 0.1 4.15 42.9 0.31 0.21 18.80 8.86 6.69 0.02 8.8 1.50 0.15 39.5
9 59 0.1 3.55 47.4 0.26 0.11 17.10 6.43 5.34 0.01 7.5 1.30 0.08 36.8
12 58 0.0 3.21 34.7 0.24 0.11 15.90 5.60 5.30 0.02 7.3 1.26 0.07 35.0
68 52 0.1 4.19 45.7 0.27 0.15 18.10 7.88 6.64 0.02 8.4 1.34 0.13 40.5
69 52 0.1 3.19 40.5 0.25 0.20 18.10 8.20 6.00 0.07 8.5 1.31 0.20 40.6
70 52 0.1 3.06 39.8 0.26 0.20 17.80 7.84 6.25 0.02 8.1 1.32 0.13 41.6
71 52 0.1 3.32 37.2 0.25 0.22 16.50 6.55 5.33 0.02 7.8 1.39 0.11 38.7
72 55 0.1 3.05 38.2 0.26 0.16 17.90 8.39 6.24 0.02 8.4 1.52 0.14 38.6
73 55 0.1 3.88 37.8 0.25 0.31 19.90 10.60 7.44 0.04 8.2 1.38 0.17 42.6
74 57 0.1 3.57 39.8 0.26 0.19 17.60 7.36 5.71 0.01 8.0 1.41 0.10 40.1
75 60 0.0 3.97 42.0 0.26 0.21 16.90 6.80 5.26 0.01 7.9 1.39 0.10 39.5
77 60 0.0 3.72 35.3 0.27 0.11 17.50 7.11 5.44 0.01 8.2 1.30 0.09 38.4
78 63 0.0 2.74 34.1 0.28 0.10 17.10 6.81 5.25 0.01 7.8 1.49 0.09 36.8
79 65 0.0 3.13 37.1 0.26 0.12 17.40 7.81 5.66 0.02 8.9 1.69 0.13 39.9
80 65 0.0 3.95 40.5 0.30 0.08 16.90 7.69 5.82 0.01 8.2 1.38 0.08 39.9
81 65 0.0 3.02 35.2 0.28 0.09 16.70 6.47 5.30 0.01 8.0 1.32 0.08 38.5
82 65 0.1 3.22 37.9 0.30 0.09 17.70 6.84 5.23 0.01 8.6 1.21 0.08 41.9
84 54 0.1 3.54 39.8 0.26 0.38 19.20 10.10 6.23 0.03 8.4 1.46 0.19 44.2
85 57 0.1 3.24 32.4 0.27 0.59 20.60 11.80 6.39 0.03 8.3 1.37 0.20 42.6
86 57 0.1 3.94 36.0 0.27 0.28 19.10 11.40 7.13 0.03 7.8 1.45 0.19 42.1
87 60 0.1 4.31 39.1 0.29 0.10 17.80 7.12 5.66 0.02 8.1 1.35 0.09 39.7
C 56 0.1 2.86 45.1 0.25 0.11 17.20 6.58 5.83 0.01 8.3 1.27 0.08 39.7
CON 59 0.1 3.07 49.3 0.25 0.10 17.90 6.61 6.20 0.02 8.5 1.39 0.08 39.0
Mean 0.1 3.49 39.1 0.27 0.18 17.86 7.92 5.94 0.02 8.2 1.38 0.12 39.9
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Within-ZID(51-90 m)
0 56 0.1 4.44 35.2 0.26 0.30 19.30 10.50 7.07 0.31 8.2 1.52 0.20 40.8
4 56 0.1 3.21 35.7 0.27 0.18 17.80 6.84 5.42 0.02 7.6 1.40 0.10 39.0
76 58 0.1 3.15 35.0 0.26 0.14 16.60 7.20 5.05 0.05 7.7 1.24 0.11 39.0
ZB 56 0.1 3.39 38.7 0.27 0.26 17.40 7.92 5.46 0.02 8.1 1.51 0.11 42.6
Mean 0.1 3.55 36.2 0.26 0.22 17.78 8.12 5.75 0.10 7.9 1.42 0.13 40.4
Sediment quality guidelines
ERM N/A 70.00 N/A N/A 9.60 370.00 270.00 218.00 0.70 51.6 N/A 3.70 410.0
Regional summer values(area weighted mean)
Bight'13 Middle Shelf 0.9 2.70 130.0 0.21 0.68 30.00 7.90 7.00 0.05 15.0 0.10 0.29 48.0
2-8
Compliance Determinations
Table 2-5 Physical properties, as well as biogeochemical and contaminant concentrations, of
sediment samples collected at each semi-annual station in Winter 2019 compared
to Effects Range-Median (ERM) and regional values. ND = Not Detected, N/A = Not
Applicable.
Nominal Median Fines TOC Sulfides Total P Total N EPAH EDDT EPest EPCB
Station Depth Phi (%) N (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg)
(m) (4))
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-ZID(51-90 m)
1 56 3.36 15.5 0.41 1.16 1000 480 27.0 1.44 ND 0.73
3 60 3.15 10.9 0.44 2.68 1000 430 26.3 1.56 ND 0.67
5 59 3.50 12.9 0.41 2.36 840 450 2.7 1.81 ND ND
9 59 3.12 11.8 0.42 2.80 820 370 21.8 1.10 ND ND
12 58 2.98 10.2 0.35 2.36 790 420 55.0 1.25 ND ND
68 52 3.38 14.0 0.48 2.41 920 470 40.5 1.90 ND ND
69 52 3.34 13.0 0.39 ND 920 510 40.3 1.64 ND ND
70 52 3.32 16.6 0.48 1.60 940 500 29.5 1.87 ND ND
71 52 3.18 12.3 0.48 2.66 860 480 26.5 1.59 ND ND
72 55 3.33 13.6 0.44 1.59 890 440 100.7 1.79 ND ND
73 55 3.30 16.9 0.46 5.45 1400 450 260.2 1.81 ND 7.33
74 57 3.28 16.1 0.45 2.21 820 460 12.1 1.42 ND 0.64
75 60 3.03 7.9 0.37 2.41 850 410 60.0 0.98 ND ND
77 60 3.11 9.9 0.46 3.42 850 410 18.6 1.06 ND ND
78 63 3.02 5.6 0.39 3.49 830 340 16.0 0.98 ND ND
79 65 3.25 8.5 0.42 1.83 900 440 174.4 1.21 ND ND
80 65 3.41 15.0 0.43 2.73 880 440 17.9 1.16 ND ND
81 65 3.14 10.4 0.37 1.56 850 440 14.6 1.03 ND ND
82 65 3.04 9.6 0.39 2.80 870 360 13.1 0.91 ND ND
84 54 3.26 15.0 0.46 2.85 1000 660 51.3 1.41 ND 0.59
85 57 3.06 9.0 0.48 3.45 1100 460 74.7 1.55 ND 0.64
86 57 3.20 12.7 0.42 4.20 980 470 36.5 1.26 ND ND
87 60 3.15 12.4 0.49 2.96 890 390 407.1 1.31 ND ND
C 56 3.34 13.9 0.43 3.89 900 510 40.0 1.62 ND ND
CON 59 3.22 11.4 0.39 2.53 980 460 20.5 1.55 ND ND
Mean 3.22 12.2 0.43 2.72 923 450 63.5 1.41 ND 0.42
Middle Shelf Zone 2, Within-ZID(51-90 m)
0 56 3.17 13.4 0.48 3.11 1200 510 62.2 1.79 1.42 7.05
4 56 3.19 11.8 0.37 2.76 830 470 6.5 1.14 ND ND
76 58 3.17 10.4 0.35 3.21 960 400 65.6 1.14 ND ND
ZB 56 3.12 11.0 0.45 3.58 910 580 58.1 0.77 ND ND
Mean 3.16 11.6 0.41 3.16 975 490 48.1 1.21 0.36 1.76
Sediment quality guidelines
ERM N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 44792.0 46.10 N/A 180.00
Regional summer values(area weighted mean)
Bight'l3 Middle Shelf N/A 48.0 0.70 N/A N/A 690 55.0 18.00 N/A 2.70
2-9
Compliance Determinations
Table 2-6 Metal concentrations (mg/kg) in sediment samples collected at each semi-annual
station in Winter 2019 compared to Effects Range-Median (ERM) and regional
values. ND =Not Detected, N/A= Not Applicable.
Nominal
Station Depth Sb As Ba Be Cd Cr Cu Pb Hg Ni Se Ag Zn
(m)
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-ZID(51-90 m)
1 56 0.1 3.23 36.2 0.26 0.15 18.10 8.71 6.68 0.02 8.3 2.34 0.14 40.3
3 60 0.1 4.16 39.3 0.28 0.15 18.90 9.40 6.12 0.01 8.6 2.35 0.16 43.2
5 59 0.1 3.40 46.2 0.28 0.16 19.80 9.06 6.78 0.02 9.5 2.40 0.15 44.5
9 59 0.1 2.89 32.5 0.27 0.09 17.60 6.51 5.35 0.01 8.1 2.51 0.07 37.4
12 58 0.1 3.94 34.2 0.24 0.09 16.80 6.14 7.41 0.01 7.9 2.35 0.06 35.5
68 52 0.1 4.09 42.7 0.27 0.14 19.00 8.76 7.02 0.03 9.1 2.82 0.12 42.1
69 52 0.1 3.90 41.0 0.26 0.15 19.00 8.55 6.67 0.01 9.3 2.83 0.12 40.3
70 52 0.1 3.40 38.4 0.26 0.15 18.30 8.06 6.32 0.02 8.7 2.81 0.10 40.1
71 52 0.1 4.47 38.0 0.27 0.15 18.70 8.34 6.89 0.01 8.7 2.21 0.13 41.2
72 55 0.1 3.11 39.7 0.26 0.14 19.10 8.75 6.46 0.02 8.8 2.74 0.13 41.1
73 55 0.1 3.46 36.6 0.26 0.40 20.40 13.20 7.87 0.03 8.1 2.68 0.40 43.5
74 57 0.1 3.90 38.3 0.27 0.16 18.30 8.27 5.94 0.01 8.9 2.78 0.10 41.8
75 60 0.1 3.48 35.1 0.25 0.19 16.50 6.83 4.98 0.01 8.0 2.65 0.08 39.8
77 60 0.1 3.36 36.6 0.28 0.11 18.20 7.59 6.59 0.02 8.5 2.36 0.07 41.4
78 63 0.1 3.27 33.5 0.26 0.09 17.50 7.64 5.37 0.01 8.3 2.59 0.08 37.4
79 65 0.1 2.79 36.4 0.26 0.11 18.10 8.10 5.72 0.01 8.4 2.35 0.12 42.0
80 65 0.1 3.58 42.1 0.33 0.08 19.20 8.41 5.78 0.01 10.0 2.82 0.07 46.1
81 65 0.1 3.38 35.2 0.28 0.08 17.20 6.83 5.48 0.01 8.5 2.96 0.06 39.1
82 65 0.1 3.21 35.9 0.29 0.08 17.70 7.55 5.19 0.01 8.6 2.58 0.07 39.6
84 54 0.1 3.37 37.2 0.25 0.32 18.80 12.90 6.70 0.02 8.6 2.99 0.13 42.1
85 57 0.1 3.07 34.6 0.25 0.38 19.80 11.00 6.50 0.02 8.2 2.43 0.26 42.5
86 57 0.1 3.11 36.4 0.26 0.28 19.00 12.00 6.25 0.02 8.5 2.57 0.22 40.6
87 60 0.1 4.42 35.2 0.28 0.12 18.90 8.62 6.01 0.01 8.8 2.60 0.09 42.4
C 56 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
CON 59 0.1 2.97 52.6 0.25 0.09 19.10 7.02 6.22 0.01 9.3 2.72 0.06 39.5
Mean 0.1 3.50 38.1 0.27 0.16 18.50 8.68 6.26 0.02 8.7 2.60 0.12 41.0
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Within-ZID(51-90 m)
0 56 0.1 4.90 35.9 0.26 0.29 20.60 12.20 7.90 0.03 9.2 2.16 0.16 44.8
4 56 0.1 3.90 33.4 0.27 0.10 18.50 6.92 5.89 0.01 8.4 2.36 0.08 39.2
76 58 0.1 2.88 35.1 0.26 0.10 17.30 7.17 5.10 0.01 8.1 2.12 0.08 40.1
ZB 56 0.1 3.80 35.7 0.25 0.19 17.60 7.71 5.65 0.02 8.4 2.45 0.10 40.2
Mean 0.1 3.87 35.0 0.26 0.17 18.50 8.50 6.14 0.02 8.5 2.27 0.10 41.1
Sediment quality guidelines
ERM N/A 70.00 N/A N/A 9.60 370.00 270.00 218.00 0.70 51.6 N/A 3.70 410.0
Regional summer values(area weighted mean)
Bight'l3 Middle Shelf 0.9 2.70 130.0 0.21 0.68 30.00 7.90 7.00 0.05 15.0 0.10 0.29 48.0
Table 2-7 Whole-sediment Eohaustorius estuarius (amphipod) toxicity test results for 2018-19.
The home sediment represents the control; N/A= Not Applicable.
Station %Survival %of home p-value Assessment
home 96 N/A N/A N/A
0 99 103 1.00 Nontoxic
1 95 99 0.89 Nontoxic
4 89 93 0.17 Nontoxic
72 98 102 0.99 Nontoxic
73 97 101 0.97 Nontoxic
76 96 100 0.91 Nontoxic
77 97 101 0.96 Nontoxic
CON 98 102 0.99 Nontoxic
ZB 92 96 0.96 Nontoxic
ZB Dup 91 95 0.32 Nontoxic
BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Infaunal Communities
A total of 566 invertebrate taxa comprising 22,056 individuals were collected in the
2018-19 monitoring year. The Annelida (segmented worms) was the dominant taxonomic group
(Table B-9). Mean community measure values were comparable between within- and non-ZID
stations, and all station values were within regional and OCSD historical ranges in both surveys
(Tables 2-8 and 2-9). The infaunal community at all within-ZID and non-ZID stations in both surveys
2-10
Compliance Determinations
can be classified as reference condition based on their low (<25) Benthic Response Index (BRI)
values and/or high (>60) Infaunal Trophic Index (ITI) values. The community composition at most
within-ZID stations was similar to that of non-ZID stations based on multivariate analyses of the
infaunal species and abundances (Figure 2-5). These multiple lines of evidence suggest that the
outfall discharge had an overall negligible effect on the benthic community structure within the
monitoring area. We conclude, therefore, that the biota was not degraded by the outfall discharge,
and as such, compliance was met.
Epibenthic Macroinvertebrate Communities
A total of 35 epibenthic macroinvertebrate (EMI) species, comprising 13,614 individuals and a total
weight of 35.5 kg, was collected from 12 trawls conducted along the Middle Shelf Zone 2 stratum
during the 2018-19 monitoring period (Tables B-10 and B-11). As with the previous monitoring
period, Ophiura luetkenii (brittle star) was the most dominant species in terms of abundance
(n=8,045; 59% of total), while Sicyonia penicillata (shrimp) was the dominant species in respect
to biomass (12.0 kg; 34% of total). The EMI community composition was similar at the outfall and
non-outfall stations in both Summer and Winter surveys based on the results of the multivariate
analyses (cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analyses) (Figure 2-6).
Furthermore, the community measure values at the outfall stations are within regional and OCSD
historical ranges (Table 2-10). These results suggest that the outfall discharge had an overall
negligible effect on the EMI community structure within the monitoring area. We conclude that
the EMI communities within the monitoring area were not degraded by the outfall discharge, and
consequently, compliance was met.
Fish Communities
A total of 37 fish taxa, comprising 8,050 individuals and a total weight of 185.2 kg, were collected
from the monitoring area during the 2018-19 trawling effort (Tables B-12 and B-13). The mean
species richness, abundance, biomass, Shannon-Wiener Diversity (W), and Swartz's 75%
Dominance Index (SDI) values of demersal fishes were comparable between outfall and non-
outfall stations in both surveys, with values falling within regional and/or OCSD historical ranges
(Table 2-11). More importantly, the fish communities at outfall and non-outfall stations were
classified as reference condition based on their low (<45) mean Fish Response Index (FRI)
values in both surveys. Multivariate analyses (cluster and nMDS) of the demersal fish species and
abundance data further demonstrated that the fish communities were similar between the outfall
and non-outfall stations (Figure 2-7). These results indicate that the outfall discharge had no
adverse effect on the demersal fish community structure within the monitoring area. We conclude
that the demersal fish communities within the monitoring area were not degraded by the outfall
discharge, and thus, compliance was met.
FISH BIOACCUMULATION AND HEALTH
Demersal and Sport Fish Tissue Chemistry
Concentrations of trace metals and chlorinated pesticides in muscle and/or liver tissues of flatfishes
and rockfishes were similar between outfall and non-outfall locations (Tables 2-12 and 2-13).
Furthermore, mean concentrations of these contaminants in muscle tissue of rockfishes were
below federal and state human consumption guidelines. These results suggest that demersal fishes
residing near the outfall are not more prone to bioaccumulation of contaminants and demonstrate
there is negligible human health risk from consuming demersal fishes captured in the monitoring
areas.
2-11
Compliance Determinations
Table 2-8 Community measure values for each semi-annual station sampled during
the Summer 2018 infauna survey, including regional and historical values.
NC = Not Calculated.
Nominal Total Total
Station Depth No.of Abundance H' SDI ITI BRI
(m) Species
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-ZID(51-90 m)
1 56 80 295 3.90 30 75 16
3 60 103 450 4.00 35 75 12
5 59 77 276 3.70 27 76 16
9 59 87 387 3.87 27 77 14
12 58 98 377 3.86 30 75 14
68 52 103 514 3.89 28 72 15
69 52 104 433 3.92 28 76 15
70 52 101 511 3.70 24 74 12
71 52 97 506 3.77 24 74 17
72 55 90 307 3.98 31 80 13
73 55 98 411 3.98 31 74 15
74 57 80 330 3.79 25 74 15
75 60 70 281 3.71 23 74 22
77 60 93 411 3.80 26 73 14
78 63 91 378 3.91 30 81 14
79 65 85 349 3.80 25 71 16
80 65 83 264 4.00 33 78 9
81 65 92 375 3.95 30 80 13
82 65 62 264 3.56 21 75 8
84 54 104 464 4.01 30 77 12
85 57 85 272 3.91 29 82 12
86 57 106 377 4.10 37 71 15
87 60 76 256 3.84 31 77 12
C 56 78 248 3.79 27 70 16
CON 59 102 391 3.80 30 71 13
Mean 90 365 3.86 28 75 14
Middle Shelf Zone 2, Within-ZID(51-90 m)
0 56 106 446 4.02 33 74 19
4 56 77 271 3.82 27 75 13
76 58 101 326 4.02 35 71 15
ZB 56 66 212 3.81 26 81 16
Mean 88 314 3.92 30 75 16
Regional summer values[mean(range)]
Bight'13 Middle Shelf 90(45-171) 491 (142-2718) 3.60(2.10-4.10) NC NC 18(7-30)
OCSD historical summer values(2008-2018 Fiscal Years)[mean(range)]
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-ZID 94(20-142) 408(90-785) 3.68(2.27-4.43) 27(5-52) 77(40-94) 18(10-49)
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Within-ZID 88(33-138) 482(212-1491) 3.39(0.36-4.10) 23(1-38) 60(1-91) 25(13-52)
Fish Health
The color and odor of demersal fishes appeared normal during the monitoring period. The absence
of tumors, fin erosion, and skin lesions in demersal fishes showed that fishes in the monitoring area
were healthy. External parasites and morphological abnormalities occurred in less than 1% of the
fishes collected, which is comparable to southern California Bight background levels. These results
indicate that the outfall is not an epicenter of disease.
Liver Histopathology
No histopathology analysis was conducted for the 2018-19 monitoring period (see Appendix A).
CONCLUSIONS
COP criteria for water quality were met, and state and federal bacterial standards were also met at
offshore stations. Sediment quality was not affected based on the low concentration of chemical
contaminants in the monitoring area and the absence of sediment toxicity in controlled laboratory
tests. In addition, the animal communities were comparable between outfall and non-outfall areas,
there was negligible disease symptoms in fish samples, and contaminant concentrations in fish
tissue samples did not exceed federal and state fish consumption guidelines. These results suggest
that the receiving environment was not degraded by OCSD's discharge of treated wastewater, and
as such, all permit compliance criteria were met in 2018-19 and environmental and human health
were protected.
2-12
Compliance Determinations
Table 2-9 Community measure values for each semi-annual station sampled during the Winter
2019 infauna survey, including regional and historical values. NC = Not Calculated.
Nominal Total Total
Station Depth No.of Abundance H' SDI ITI BRI
(m) Species
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-ZID(51-90 m)
1 56 82 501 3.40 20 69 21
3 60 102 454 3.91 31 74 16
5 59 67 271 3.30 19 72 16
9 59 97 527 3.49 23 74 14
12 58 89 361 3.65 25 74 16
68 52 82 495 3.53 20 65 19
69 52 88 430 3.67 24 70 15
70 52 105 574 3.67 24 76 13
71 52 98 507 3.55 20 73 14
72 55 81 486 3.29 18 71 20
73 55 118 750 3.81 26 72 15
74 57 122 498 4.09 34 74 15
75 60 107 610 3.82 28 74 15
77 60 88 508 3.47 20 74 13
78 63 100 597 3.67 24 74 14
79 65 80 404 3.39 20 71 18
80 65 84 500 3.48 19 75 15
81 65 84 324 3.70 25 79 16
82 65 85 403 3.68 23 76 15
84 54 112 734 3.61 24 69 16
85 57 80 283 3.77 26 82 13
86 57 114 539 3.85 29 75 15
87 60 79 330 3.74 25 74 13
C 56 82 279 3.71 29 74 17
CON 59 47 208 3.26 16 75 17
Mean 91 463 3.62 24 73 16
Middle Shelf Zone 2, Within-ZID(51-90 m)
0 56 82 255 3.90 31 73 21
4 56 95 495 3.69 24 72 16
76 58 86 387 3.60 21 75 18
ZB 56 98 406 3.89 29 74 16
Mean 90 386 3.77 26 74 18
Regional summer values[mean(range)]
Bight'13 Middle Shelf 90(45-171) 491 (142-2718) 3.60(2.10-4.10) NC NC 18(7-30)
OCSD historical winter values(2008-2018 Fiscal Years)[mean(range)]
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-ZID 85(45-142) 327(96-634) 3.74(2.87-4.32) 28(9-48) 78(47-95) 17(9-46)
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Within-ZID 79(35-135) 364(88-1230) 3.46(0.89-4.68) 24(1-76) 62(3-89) 23(9-45)
2-13
Compliance Determinations
40 Zones
Within-ZID
--- — — ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----- ■Non-ZID
I I r------- -�
I '
I
I
r
I
I
60 I
_ ___•f__•__
(n
80
100
0 Z r r d`W ,Z r 6
U OU
Stations
2D Stress:0.23 Similarity
45
■ sy Zones
�' j ♦ `I ♦Within-ZID
�� -. -- �`` ��—,i ■Non-ZID
74-S
ZB-S `. 74-W \�
f �� ♦ 84-S 70_S �`�` 7—21-W
( ■ 8'S ``�1Z9-W ♦
j 69-8 S
' w- 68 -5 79 W1-W �t
Ck3N<�S I I 1 54 S■ 3- tt
■ I I i 81-92-� ♦/8- ■87 80-W
■ ■ ■ ■ \ ■ 1-W
12-W \ ■
\\ 80-S 8S82-S 12-S ■
t ■ 85-l1
■ 09-S ■ ■ ■t
`. ■ 5-W i i
� C-S i
CgWw ;
------------------------
Figure 2-5 Dendrogram (top panel) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plot
(bottom panel) of the infauna collected at within- and non-ZID stations along the
Middle Shelf Zone 2 stratum for the Summer 2018 (S) and Winter 2019 (W) benthic
surveys. Stations connected by red dashed lines in the dendrogram are not
significantly differentiated based on the SIMPROF test. The 5 main clusters formed
at a 45% similarity on the dendrogram are superimposed on the nMDS plot.
2-14
Compliance Determinations
40- Sites
Outfall
------------------------------------
---------------
CIJ
Stations
2D Stress:0.09 Similarity
Sites
Outfall
----------------
Figure 2-6 Oendrognarn (top panel) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nM[>G) plot
(bottom panel) of the epibenthic rnocnninwartebna&an collected at outfo|| and
non-outfo|| stations along the Middle Shelf Zone 2 ntnotunn for the Gurnnner 2018 /8\
and VVinter2O1S (VV) trovv| surveys. Stations connected by red dashed lines in the
dendrogrom are not significantly differentiated boned on the 8|yNPRC)F test. The
three main clusters formed at 50% similarity on the dendrogrom are superimposed
on the nK8O8plot.
2-15
Compliance Determinations
Table 2-10 Summary of epibenthic macroinvertebrate community measures for each semi-
annual station sampled during the Summer 2018 and Winter 2019 trawl surveys,
including regional and historical values. NC = Not Calculated.
Nominal Total Total Biomass
Quarter Station Depth No.of Abundance (kg) H' SDI
(m) Species
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-outfall(51-90 m)
T23 58 9 708 1.37 0.45 1
T12 57 10 1155 1.98 0.66 1
T 1 7 60 6 188 0.60 0.90 2
Tit 60 17 1620 3.15 0.44 1
Summer Mean 11 918 1.77 0.61 1
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Outfall(51-90 m)
T22 60 13 456 0.94 0.58 1
T1 55 12 208 0.99 1.56 3
Mean 13 332 0.97 1.07 2
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-outfall(51-90 m)
T23 58 14 1392 1.20 0.67 1
T12 57 9 4284 2.83 0.36 1
T17 60 7 898 5.34 0.43 1
T11 60 17 1163 1.77 0.72 1
Winter Mean 12 1934 2.79 0.55 1
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Outfall(51-90 m)
T22 60 13 372 0.47 1.62 3
T1 55 12 1170 2.49 1.58 3
Mean 13 771 1.48 1.60 3
Regional summer values[area-weighted mean(range)]
Bight'13 Middle Shelf 12(3-23) 1093(19-17973) 5.00(0.31-36) 1.11 (0.09-2.49) NC
OCSD historical values(2008-2018 FY)[mean(range)]
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-outfall 11 (5-19) 365(12-2498) 1.57(0.04-11.16) 1.33(0.06-2.43) 3(1-9)
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Outfall 12(7-18) 287(49-1436) 1.42(0.08-5.67) 1.44(0.22-2.15) 3(1-5)
Table 2-11 Summary of demersal fish community measures for each semi-annual station
sampled during the Summer 2018 and Winter 2019 trawl surveys, including regional
and District historical values. NC = Not Calculated.
Nominal Total No. Total Biomass
Quarter Station Depth of Abundance (kg) H' SDI FRI
(m) Species
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-outfall(51-90 m)
T23 58 15 395 23.89 1.55 2 20
T12 57 17 428 5.21 1.83 3 21
T17 60 14 262 4.09 2.20 5 22
T11 60 13 341 5.45 1.58 2 23
Summer Mean 15 357 9.66 1.79 3 22
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Outfall(51-90 m)
T22 60 17 411 11.58 1.57 3 23
T1 55 13 506 6.10 1.58 3 16
Mean 15 459 8.84 1.58 3 19
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-outfall(51-90 m)
T23 58 17 540 19.51 2.00 5 23
T12 57 19 485 20.92 2.06 4 27
T17 60 17 835 10.00 1.66 3 25
T11 60 20 2736 55.85 0.89 1 32
Winter Mean 18 1149 26.57 1.65 3 27
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Outfall(51-90 m)
T22 60 16 561 7.99 1.81 4 22
T1 55 18 550 14.59 2.18 5 25
Mean 17 556 11.29 2.00 5 23
Regional summer values[area-weighted mean(range)]
Bight'13 Middle Shelf 15(5-24) 506(12-2446) 12(0.70-64.20) 1.65(0.67-2.35) NC 28(17-61)
OCSD historical values(2008-2018 Fiscal Years)[mean(range)]
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Non-outfall 14(3-25) 580(45-12274) 12.90(1.25-135.64) 1.72(0.14-2.18) 3(1-6) 23(12-34)
Middle Shelf Zone 2,Outfall 13(2-18) 415(110-3227) 16.97(2.47-78.72) 1.69(0.67-2.14) 3(1-6) 22(13-32)
2-16
Compliance Determinations
60
Sites
Outfall
■ Non-outfall
70
. 80
- I
U I I
90
100
N M M N N �_ N I�
H H N H H N (—
Stations
2D Stress:0.09 SiMilarit
-------------------
-------- y
---
T Sites
6l
■ ♦ Outfall
`. ■ Non-outfall
T22-W `
fi TW ♦ `�
■ T17-S
T23-W ■ `
J�
T23-S 1
i ■ i
1 T22-S 1
j T12-W ♦ ;I
■
I T1-W T11-S T1-S
\� T11-W ♦ ■
■
Figure 2-7 Dendrogram (top panel) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plot
(bottom panel) of the demersal fishes collected at outfall and non-outfall stations
along the Middle Shelf Zone 2 stratum for the Summer 2018 (S) and Winter 2019
(W) trawl surveys. Stations connected by red dashed lines in the dendrogram are not
significantly differentiated based on the SIMPROF test. The single cluster formed at a
61% similarity on the dendrogram is superimposed on the nMDS plot.
2-17
Table 2-12 Means and ranges of tissue contaminant concentrations in selected flatfishes collected by trawling in July 2018 at Stations o
T1 (Outfall) and T11 (Non-outfall), as well as historical values. ND = Not Detected.
Standard Percen
(mm) t Mercury EDDT EPCB EChlordane Dieldrin
Species Tissue Station n Length Lipid (mg/kg) (jig/kg) (Ng/kg) (Ng/kg) (pgikg) n
fD
2018-2019 values
Non-outfall 10
121 0.31 0.02 9.21 0.14 ND ND
Muscle (102-154) (0-1.07) (0.01-0.03) (0-19.07) (0-1.30) (All ND) (All ND) 1C
130 ND 0.03 1.72 1.62 ND ND
Pleuronichthys verticalis Outfall 5 (111-163) (All ND) (0.01-0.06) (0-4.49) (1.30-2.20) (All ND) (All ND)
(Hornyhead Turbot) Non-outfall 10 121 1.46 0.08 392.20 26.92 ND ND
Liver (102-154) (0-8.74) (0.05-0.12) (8.39-1754.90) (0-72.80) (All ND) (Ail ND) ty
Outfall 5 130 5.72 0.09 99.66 ND ND ND '=
(111-163) (1.08-14.70) (0.01-0.16) (61.90-148) (All ND) (All ND) (All ND) 0
183 1.26 0.04 18.84 1.62 ND ND
Non-outfall 10 to
Muscle (156-218) (0.65-2.93) (0.02-0.07) (6.18-84.16) (0-10.50) (All ND) (All ND)
190 1.24 0.05 15.21 3.38 ND ND
Parophrys vetulus Outfall 10 (152-268) (0-2.76) (0.02-0.10) (3.75-34.60) (1.10-8.11) (All ND) (All ND)
(English Sole) Non-outfall 10 183 8.45 0.06 144.24 29.29 ND ND
Liver (156-218) (3.17-13.40) (0.03-0.12) (42.60-292) (0-78.96) (All ND) (All ND)
Outfall 10 190 12.57 0.06 159.49 16.34 ND ND
(152-268) (4.03-25.30) (0.02-0.14) (70.70-449.60) (0-48.60) (All ND) (All ND)
OCSD historical values(2008-2018 Fiscal Years)
Non-outfall 64 152 0.17 0.06 10.49 2.43 0.06 ND
Muscle (98-217) (0-0.68) (0.01-0.30) (0-38.75) (0-18.36) (0-1.45) (All ND)
159 0.14 0.08 6.91 1.47 0.01 0.20
N Pleuronichthysverticalis Outfall 91 (110-204) (0-0.77) (0.01-0.42) (0-54.50) (0-12.57) (0-0.71) (0-12.70)
(Hornyhead Turbot) Non-outfall 64 157 6.05 0.21 540.82 44.79 ND ND
00 Liver (98-217) (0.42-30.40) (0.05-0.79) (0-2100) (0-432.59) (All ND) (All ND)
Outfall 91 158 8.13 0.18 484.28 98.89 3.46 ND
(110-204) (0-24.60) (0.02-0.59) (0-1822.70) (0-457.80) (0-81.70) (All ND)
Non-outfall 91 183 0.83 0.06 73.80 8.21 ND 0.05
Muscle (124-268) (0-6.22) (0.02-0.12) (0-524.30) (0-61.20) (All ND) (0-4.45)
185 1.16 0.06 106.25 14.33 ND ND
Parophrys vetulus Outfall 78 (136-290) (0-8.23) (0.01-0.11) (3.97-633.46) (0-130.90) (All ND) (All ND)
(English Sole) Non-outfall 91 183 10.29 0.06 1316.70 175.41 0.08 ND
Liver (124-268) (1.93-26.80) (0.02-0.19) (71.10-14300) (0-1694.70) (0-5.27) (All ND)
Outfall 78 184 11.66 0.06 1532.90 203.93 1.25 ND
(136-290) (0-27.10) (0.02-0.16) (95.70-20967) (0-1627.29) (0-30.80) (All ND)
Table 2-13 Means and ranges of muscle tissue contaminant concentrations in selected scorpaenid and sand bass fishes collected
by rig-fishing in April/May 2019 at Zones 1 (Outfall) and 3 (Non-outfall), including historical values and state and federal
thresholds. ND = Not Detected; NC = Not Collected; N/A= Not Applicable.
Standard Percent Mercury Arsenic Selenium EDDT EPCB EChlordane Dieldrin
Zone Species n Length Lipid (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (pg/kg) (pg/kg) (pg/kg) (pg/kg)
(mm)
2018-2019 values
Scorpaena guttata 3 190 1.76 0.08 8.17 0.65 28.29 3.21 ND ND
(California Scorpionfish) (175-215) (0.69-2.66) (0.06-0.10) (2.30-13.30) (0.55-0.78) (5.08-63.40) (0-7.01) (All ND) (All ND)
Non-outfall Sebastes caurinus 1 265 0.56 0.08 4.58 0.29 ND ND ND ND
(Copper Rockfish)
Sebastes miniatus 241 1.10 0.04 2.74 0.42 11.71 1.92 ND ND
(Vermilion Rockfish) 6 (210-281) (0-2.45) (0.04-0.05) (1.47-5.18) (0.29-0.56) (2.57-31.63) (0-8.02) (All ND) (All ND)
Paralabrax nebulifer 8 304 1.80 0.07 1.42 0.47 101.51 69.99 0.96 ND
(Barred Sand Bass) (240-360) (0.434.60) (0.05-0.09) (0.58-2.72) (0.28-0.62) (18.30-243.68) (16.59-152.27) (0-8) (All ND)
Outfall
Sebastes miniatus 2 260 1.08 0.03 2.48 0.46 9.84 1.62 ND ND
(Vermilion Rockfish) (both 260) (0.33-1.84) (0.02-0.04) (2.13-2.82) (0.39-0.53) (3.10-16.58) (0-3.25) (All ND) (All ND)
OCSD historical values(2012-2018 Fiscal Years)
Scorpaena guttata NC - - - - - - - - -
(California Scorpionfish)
N Sebastes caurinus 310 0.66 0.12 1.64 0.69 16.88 1.60 ND ND
Non-outfall (Copper Rockfish) 10 (225-780) (0-1.08) (0.06-0.19) (0.52-2.21) (0.16-1.64) (5.61-43) (0-7.60) (All ND) (All ND)
Cfl
Sebastes miniatus 18 245 0.69 0.08 2.90 0.71 19.22 0.39 ND ND
(Vermilion Rockfish) (215-295) (0.34-1.28) (0.05-0.20) (1.07-10.30) (0.07-1.54) (4.00-99.20) (0-2.46) (All ND) (All ND)
Paralabrax nebulifer INC - - - - - - - - -
(Barred Sand Bass)
Outfall
Sebastes miniatus 43 266 1.20 0.05 2.68 0.54 13.15 1.97 0.24 ND
(Vermilion Rockfish) (149-317) (0-3.82) (0.02-0.08) (0.68-5.89) (0.17-0.88) (0-58.30) (0-17.24) (0-8.80) (All ND)
Tissue Thresholds
CA Advisory Tissue Level N/A N/A 0.44 N/A 15 2100 120 560 46
Federal Action Level for edible tissue N/A N/A 1 N/A N/A 5000 2000 300 300 0
O
0
fD
v
CID
(D
3
01
O
7
to
Compliance Determinations
REFERENCES
Allen, M.J., R.W. Smith, E.T. Jarvis, V. Raco-Rands, B.B. Bernstein, and K.T. Herbinson. 2005. Temporal
trends in southern California coastal fish populations relative to 30-year trends in oceanic conditions.
In: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Annual Report 2003-2004 (S.B. Weisberg —
Ed.). Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Westminster, CA. p. 264-285.
Chavez, F.P., J.T. Pennington, C.G. Castro, J.P. Ryan, R.P. Michisaki, B. Schlining, P. Walz, K.R. Buck, A.
McFadyen, and C.A. Collins. 2002. Biological and chemical consequences of the 1997-1998 El Nino
in central California waters. Prog. Oceanogr. 54:205-232.
Hsieh, C., C. Reiss, W. Watson, M.J. Allen, J.R. Hunter, R.N. Lea, R.H. Rosenblatt, P.E. Smith, and G.
Sigihara. 2005. A comparison of long-term trends and variability in populations of larvae of exploited
and unexploited fishes in the southern California region: A community approach. Prog. Oceanogr.
67:160-185.
Jarvis, E.T., M.J. Allen, and R.W. Smith. 2004. Comparison of recreational fish catch trends to environment-
species relationships and fishery-independent data in the Southern California Bight, 1980-2000.
CaICOFI Rep. Vol. 45.
Long, E.R., D.D. McDonald, S.L. Smith, and F.C. Calder. 1995. Incidence of adverse biological effects within
ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Environ. Manage. 19:81-97.
OCSD (Orange County Sanitation District). 1996a. Science Report and Compliance Report, Ten Year
Synthesis, 1985-1995. Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 1996b. Water Quality Atlas. Ten-Year Synthesis, 1985-1995. Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 2004.Annual Report, Science Report, July 2002—June 2003. Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 2017.Annual Report, July 2015—June 2016. Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
SWRCB (State Water Resources Control Board). 2012. Water Quality Control Plan - Ocean Waters of
California. Sacramento, CA.
Wilber, D.H. and D.G. Clarke. 2001. Biological effects of suspended sediments: A review of suspended
sediment impacts on fish and shellfish with relation to dredging activities in estuaries. No.Am. J. Fish.
Manage. 21:855-875.
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Compliance Determinations
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r CHAPTER 3
Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring
ME
INTRODUCTION
The Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) operates under the requirements of a National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit issued jointly by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency and the State of California Regional Water Quality Control Board
(RWQCB) (nrv-IAr Nin RR_,)ni?_on1rti NIPnFQ PArmif Nln rAn11nr-n!) in June 2012. To document
the effectiveness of its source control and wastewater treatment operations in protecting the coastal
ocean, OCSD conducts an Ocean Monitoring Program (OMP) that includes Strategic Process
Studies (SPS) and regional monitoring programs. In addition, OCSD performs special studies,
which are generally less involved than SPS and have no regulatory requirement for prior approval
or level of effort.
SPS are designed to address unanswered questions raised by the Core monitoring program results
and/or focus on issues of interest to OCSD and/or its regulators, such as the effect of contaminants
of emerging concern on local fish populations. SPS are proposed and must be approved by the
RWQCB to ensure appropriate focus and level of effort. For the 2018-19 program year, 5 SPS were
started.
Regional monitoring studies focus on the larger areas of the Southern California Bight. These
may include the "Bight" studies coordinated by the Southern California Coastal Water Research
Project (SCCWRP) or studies conducted in coordination with other public agencies and/or
non-governmental organizations in the region. Examples include the Central Region Kelp Survey
Consortium and the Southern California Bight Regional Water Quality Program.
This chapter provides overviews of recently completed and ongoing studies and regional monitoring
efforts. Unlike other chapters in this report, these summaries are not restricted to the most recent
program year (i.e., July 2018-June 2019) and include the most recent information available to date.
When appropriate, this information is also incorporated into other report chapters to supplement
Core monitoring results. Links to final study reports, if available, are listed under each section
below.
STRATEGIC PROCESS STUDIES
For the 2018-19 program year, OCSD had 5 SPS that were designed to address potential changes
in the quantity and quality of its discharged effluent when the Groundwater Replenishment System
(GWRS) Final Expansion project is completed in 2023.
ROMS-BEC Ocean Outfall Modeling (2019-2022)
OCSD last modeled and characterized its discharge plume in the early 2000s. Since then,
significant changes have occurred in both the quantity and quality of the effluent discharged due to
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Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring
water conservation and reclamation efforts. To evaluate the spatial extent and temporal variability of
the discharged plume, OCSD will work with SCCWRP and their collaborators to model and assess
the spatial and temporal extent of its discharged effluent before and after (compare and contrast)
the implementation of the GWRS Final Expansion.
Microplastics Characterization (2019-2020)
Wastewater treatment plants are a known microplastics (1-5 mm) conduit to aquatic, marine, and
terrestrial environments; however, data regarding microplastics from OCSD treatment processes
are non-existent. This SPS will characterize the quantity and types of microplastics throughout
OCSD's treatment system. Another goal of this study is to develop methods and analyses to help
inform the transport, fate, and impacts of microplastics through OCSD's wastewater treatment
process to the receiving environment.
Contaminants of Emerging Concern Monitoring (2019-2020)
Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) are generally not lethal but can be detrimental to living
organisms (including humans) over time. This study will provide a preliminary assessment of
non-targeted CECs in OCSD's receiving environment using in-vitro cell bioassay techniques. Used
as a screening tool, cell bioassays should help researchers evaluate potential impacts resulting
from changes in the effluent and receiving environment water quality associated with the GWRS
Final Expansion.
Sediment Linear Alkylbenzenes (2020-2021)
Linear Alkylbenzenes (LABs) are organic contaminants that can be used to track the presence and
settling of wastewater particles in the offshore environment. From 1998-2014, OCSD used LABs to
measure its discharge footprint and investigate whether other contaminants present in the sediment
were associated with the effluent discharge. This study will provide updated data within OCSD's
monitoring area for evaluating future changes due to GWRS Final Expansion. Included will be a
literature review of potential alternative effluent tracers that may be used to complement or enhance
the current LAB tracers for future applications.
Meiofauna Baseline (2020-2021)
The increase of reverse osmosis concentrate (brine) return flows from the GWRS Final Expansion
may negatively affect marine biota in the receiving water. While meiofauna (animals ranging from
63-500 pm in size) are known to be more sensitive to anthropogenic impacts than macrofauna,
information on meiofauna diversity and abundance in OCSD's monitoring area is non-existent. This
study will characterize the meiofauna communities in the receiving environment and evaluate the
suitability of using meiofauna for a Before-After Control-Impact study of the GWRS Final Expansion.
REGIONAL MONITORING
Regional Nearshore (Surfzone) Bacterial Sampling
OCSD partners with the Orange County Health Care Agency (OCHCA), the South Orange County
Wastewater Authority, and the Orange County Public Works in the Ocean Water Protection
Program, a regional bacterial sampling program that samples 126 stations along 42 miles (68 km)
of coastline (from Seal Beach to San Clemente State Beach) and 70 miles (113 km) of harbor and
bay frontage. OCSD samples 38 stations 1-2 days/week along 19 miles (31 km) of beach from Seal
Beach to Crystal Cove State Beach (Figure 3-1).
OCHCA reviews bacteriological data to determine whether a station meets Ocean
Water-Contact Sports Standards (i.e., Assembly Bill 411; AB411), and uses these results as the
basis for health advisories, postings, or beach closures. Results are provided in OCHCA(2019).
3-2
Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring
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Esri,Garmin,GEBCO.NOAA NGDC,and other contributors
Figure 3-1 Offshore and nearshore (surfzone)water quality monitoring stations for 2018-19.
Of the 38 OCSD-sampled regional surfzone stations, 18 are legacy (Core) stations sampled
since the 1970s (Figure 3-1). Results for these stations were similar to those of previous years
(OCSD 2017, 2018) with fecal indicator counts varying by quarter, location, and bacteria type (Table
B-14). A general spatial pattern was associated with the mouth of the Santa Ana River. Quarterly
geomeans peaked near the river mouth (Station 0) and tapered off upcoast and downcoast.
Southern California Bight Regional Water Quality Program
OCSD continued as a member of a regional cooperative sampling effort known as the Southern
California Bight Regional Water Quality Program (SCBRWQP; previously known as the Central
Bight Regional Water Quality Monitoring Program) with the City of Oxnard, City of Los Angeles,
the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles, and the City of San Diego. Each quarter, the
participating agencies sample 301 stations that cover the coastal waters from Ventura County to
Crystal Cove State Beach and from Point Loma to the United States—Mexico Border (Figure 3-2).
The participants use comparable conductivity-temperature-depth (aka CTD) profiling systems and
field sampling methods. OCSD samples 66 stations, which includes the 28 Core water quality
program stations, as part of this program (Figure 3-1). The SCBRWQP monitoring provides regional
data that enhances the evaluation of water quality changes due to natural (e.g., upwelling) or
anthropogenic discharges (e.g., outfalls and stormwater flows) and provides a regional context for
comparisons with OCSD's monitoring results. The SCBRWQP serves as the basis for SCCWRP's
Bight water quality sampling (see section below). Additionally, the group has been evaluating the
3-3
Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring
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Figure 3-2 Southern California Bight Regional Water Quality Program monitoring stations for
2018-19.
establishment of data quality assurance guidelines and data quality flags for submitting data to the
Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System in order to comply with national Integrated
Ocean Observing System (IOOS) guidelines.
Bight Regional Monitoring
Since 1994, OCSD has participated in 6 regional monitoring studies of environmental conditions
within the Southern California Bight (SCB): 1994 Southern California Bight Pilot Project, Bight'98,
Bight'03, Bight'08, Bight'13, and Bight'18. OCSD has played a considerable role in all aspects of
these regional projects, including program design, sampling, quality assurance, data analysis, and
reporting. Results from these efforts provide information that is used by individual dischargers,
resource managers, and the public to improve region-wide understanding of environmental
conditions and to provide a regional perspective for comparisons with data collected from individual
point sources. During the summer of 2018, OCSD staff conducted field operations, ranging from
Dana Point in southern Orange County to the Long Beach breakwater in southern Los Angeles
County and southwest to the southern end of Santa Catalina Island, as part of the Bight'18
sampling effort (Figure 3-3). Summer 2018 benthic sampling included sediment geochemistry and
infauna and trawling for epibenthic fish and macroinvertebrates. Ocean acidification sampling,
including bongo net towing to collect pteropods, has taken place quarterly since January 2019.
3-4
Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring
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Figure 3-3 OCSD's Bight'18 sampling stations.
Detailed information is available on SCCWRP's website ( p://www.sccwrp.org/about/research-
areas/regional-monitoring/).
Regional Kelp Survey Consortium — Central Region
OCSD is a member of the Central Region Kelp Survey Consortium (CRKSC), which was formed in
2003 to map giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) beds off Ventura, Los Angeles, and Orange Counties
via aerial photography. The program is modeled after the San Diego Regional Water Quality
Control Board, Region Nine Kelp Survey Consortium, which began in 1983. Both consortiums
sample quarterly to count the number of observable kelp beds and calculate maximum kelp canopy
coverage. Combined, the CRKSC and San Diego aerial surveys provide synoptic coverage of kelp
beds along approximately 81% of the 270 miles (435 km) of the southern California mainland coast
from northern Ventura County to the United States—Mexico Border. Survey results are published
and presented annually by MBC Applied Environmental Sciences (MBC 2019) to both consortium
groups, regulators, and the public. Reports are available at ttps://www.mbcaquatic.com/reports/
southern-california-bight-regional-aerial-kelp-surveys.
2018 CRKSC Results
Total combined kelp surface canopy in the Central Region increased by 61% in 2018 compared
to 2017 (7.9 km2 versus 4.8 km2), the highest in 50 years. Of the 26 recognized beds, 24 showed
a surface canopy, with 23 increasing in size and 1 decreasing in size. Eighteen beds exceeded
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Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring
40% of their historical maximum size, with 12 at or above 80%, including 3 that reached maximum
levels recorded. Six beds declined to less than 10% of their maximum size. Since 2007 total kelp
coverage for the Central Region has been at or above the long-term average every year.
For the 4 survey areas nearest to OCSD's outfall, 3 (Horseshoe Kelp, Huntington Flats and
Huntington Flats to Newport Harbor) continued to show no surface canopy. The Newport/Irvine
Coast beds showed a 1-year increase of 261% (0.033 km2 to 0.119 km2). However, this large
increase represents only 28% of the maximum canopy area recorded in 2011.
There was no evidence of any adverse effects on giant kelp resources from any of the region's
dischargers. Rather, the regional kelp surveys continue to demonstrate that most kelp bed
dynamics in the Central region are influenced by the large-scale oceanographic environment and
micro-variations in local topography and currents that can cause anomalies in kelp bed
performances.
Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Mooring
OCSD's Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Mooring was deployed for just over 7 months during the
program year. Routine service and maintenance, vessel scheduling, and technical issues with a
telemetry modem prevented continuous deployment. During the course of the year, a second
mooring was procured to address the primary issues of non-deployment status. Rotating the
2 moorings—swapping one with the other—should improve deployment and recovery schedules
while allowing for routine maintenance and repairs of sensors on the off-cycle mooring. Additionally,
work was begun on establishing an automated data quality control system for telemetered data
based on IOOS protocols (ittps://ioos.noaa.gov/project/gartoc ).
SPECIAL STUDIES
California Ocean Plan Compliance Determination Method Comparison
Southern California ocean dischargers maintain extensive monitoring programs to assess their
effects on ambient receiving water quality and to determine compliance with California Ocean
Plan (COP) standards. However, historically each agency used a different approach for analyzing
these data and determining COP compliance. In 2009, in collaboration with southern California
ocean dischargers, the State Water Resources Control Board and SCCWRP began developing
a new method to establish an out-of-range occurrence (ORO) for dissolved oxygen, pH, and light
transmissivity. Appendix A contains the steps on how the comparison was compiled.
Results for 2018-19 were the same as previous comparisons. The SCCWRP methodology identified
greater numbers of reference stations and fewer stations that did not meet COP criteria (Table 3-1,
Figure 3-4). The probable source of these differences is the different approaches used in identifying
reference stations, out-of-range values and statistical significance testing, and subsequently
out-of-compliance (OOC). OCSD uses multiple parameters and contextual information (e.g., Is the
station up-current of the outfall? Was there a large phytoplankton bloom? Was it adjacent to other
plume impacted station(s)?) and divides up the stations into 2 zones with one reference station
per zone. SCCWRP's approach identifies plume-impacted stations using CDOM only and compares
those stations to a larger set of reference stations. As a result, SCCWRP can identify stations
"impacted" due to other sources. For example, in June 2019, the 3 stations identified with oxygen
OROs and OOCs were located in the northwest portion of the OCSD station grid. Local currents
showed a strong downcoast flow inshore at these stations with upcoast and offshore flows in the
offshore portion of the grid where the outfall diffuser is located. The source of these impacts was
more likely to be from the Long Beach area and not the outfall.
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Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring
Table 3-1 Comparison of monthly California Ocean Plan compliance determinations
using OCSD and SCCWRP methodologies for dissolved oxygen, pH, and light
transmissivity for 2018-19.
Current Plume Impacted Reference Out-of-Range Out-of-Compliance
Survey Direction
OCSD SCCWRP OCSD SCCWRP OCSD SCCWRP OCSD SCCWRP
Dissolved Oxygen
Jul-18 UC N/A 8 2 9 12 2 0 2
Aug-18 UC N/A 3 2 14 1 0 0 0
Sep-18 DC N/A 4 2 12 2 0 0 0
Oct-18 UC N/A 3 2 15 0 0 0 0
Nov-18 UC N/A 4 2 15 0 0 0 0
Dec-18 UC N/A 2 2 7 0 0 0 0
Jan-19 DC N/A 4 2 10 2 0 2 0
Feb-19 DC N/A 4 2 13 8 0 3 0
Mar-19 UC N/A 4 2 14 0 0 0 0
Apr-19 DC N/A 5 2 14 12 0 12 0
Apr-19 UC N/A 5 2 14 14 0 9 0
May-19 DC N/A 4 2 12 13 0 5 0
Jun-19 UC N/A 5 2 10 10 3 2 3
pH
Jul-18 UC N/A 8 2 9 1 0 0 0
Aug-18 UC N/A 3 2 16 0 0 0 0
Sep-18 DC N/A 4 2 14 0 0 0 0
Oct-18 UC N/A 3 2 17 0 0 0 0
Nov-18 UC N/A 4 2 16 0 0 0 0
Dec-18 UC N/A 2 2 7 0 0 0 0
Jan-19 DC N/A 4 2 11 0 0 0 0
Feb-19 DC N/A 4 2 4 1 0 1 0
Mar-19 UC N/A 4 2 15 10 0 0 0
Apr-19 DC N/A 5 2 16 15 0 7 0
Apr-19 UC N/A 5 2 16 9 0 7 0
May-19 DC N/A 4 2 12 2 0 2 0
Jun-19 UC N/A 5 2 10 0 0 0 0
Light Transmissivity
Jul-18 UC N/A 8 2 10 2 6 0 5
Aug-18 UC N/A 3 2 16 11 3 0 3
Sep-18 DC N/A 4 2 14 6 2 0 2
Oct-18 UC N/A 3 2 17 15 2 0 2
Nov-18 UC N/A 4 2 16 7 4 1 4
Dec-18 UC N/A 2 2 7 23 1 2 1
Jan-19 DC N/A 4 2 11 9 3 0 3
Feb-19 DC N/A 4 2 14 8 3 1 3
Mar-19 UC N/A 4 2 15 20 4 4 4
Apr-19 DC N/A 5 2 16 13 4 1 2
Apr-19 UC N/A 5 2 16 10 4 2 2
May-19 DC N/A 4 2 12 5 3 0 3
Jun-19 UC N/A 5 2 10 12 2 0 1
N/A=Not Applicable;DC=Downcoast;UC=Upcoast.
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Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring
28 Oxygen pH Transmissivity Oxygen pH Transmissivity
2s
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Figure 3-4 Comparison of monthly OCSD (blue) and SCCWRP (red) California Ocean Plan
Compliance results for Program Years 2016-17 to 2018-19 (n=36). N/A = Not
Applicable.
Fish Tracking Study
OCSD's OMP assesses discharge effects on marine communities, including bioaccumulation
analyses of contamination levels in tissue samples of flatfishes (predominantly Hornyhead Turbot
and English Sole; occasionally Pacific Sanddab) and rockfishes relative to background levels and
human health consumption guidelines. In making these comparisons it is assumed that the location
of capture is also the location of exposure. However, little is known about the movement patterns
of sentinel fish species within OCSD's monitoring area. To assess this issue, OCSD contracted
Professor Chris Lowe from California State University, Long Beach to conduct a fish tracking study
using passive acoustic telemetry from 2017-18 to understand the site fidelity and potential risk
exposure of sentinel fishes at the outfall and a reference area.
The results indicated that residencies to both areas were low for Hornyhead Turbot, English Sole
and Pacific Sanddab (<10% of the study duration was spent in either site), whereas Vermilion
Rockfish showed higher degrees of residency to the outfall site (nearly 40% of the study duration)
(Burns et al. 2019). These results suggest that tissue samples of sentinel flatfishes likely reflect
the accumulation of contaminants across individuals' ranges, not just the outfall site. In addition,
Vermilion Rockfish may be the most susceptible sentinel species to wastewater effluent effects.
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Strategic Process Studies and Regional Monitoring
REFERENCES
Burns, E.S., J. Armstrong, D. Tang, K. Sakamoto, and C.G. Lowe. 2019. The residency, movement patterns
and habitat association of several demersal fish species to the Orange County Sanitation District
wastewater outfall. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 149:110638.
MBC (MBC Applied Environmental Sciences). 2019. Status of the Kelp Beds In 2018: Ventura, Los Angeles,
Orange, and San Diego Counties. Prepared for the Central Region Kelp Survey Consortium and
Region Nine Kelp Survey Consortium.
OCHCA(Orange County Health Care Agency). 2019. OCHCA 2017 and 2018 Ocean, Harbor and Bay Water
Quality Report.
OCSD (Orange County Sanitation District). 2017. Annual Report, July 2015—June 2016. Marine Monitoring.
Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 2018.Annual Report, July 2016—June 2018. Marine Monitoring. Fountain Valley, CA.
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APPENDIX A
Methods
INTRODUCTION
This appendix contains a summary of the field sampling, laboratory testing, and data analysis
methods used for the Ocean Monitoring Program (OMP) at the Orange County Sanitation District
(OCSD). The methods also include calculations of water quality compliance with California Ocean
Plan (COP) criteria.
WATER QUALITY MONITORING
Field Methods
Offshore Zone
Permit-specified water quality monitoring was conducted 6 times per quarter. Three surveys
sampled the full 28 station grid for COP compliance determinations and 3 surveys sampled
a subset of 8 stations located within 3 miles of the coast for water-contact (REC-1) compliance
(Table A-1; Figure 2-1).
Each survey included measurements of pressure (from which depth is calculated), temperature,
conductivity (from which salinity is calculated), dissolved oxygen (DO), acidity/alkalinity (pH),
water clarity (light transmissivity, beam attenuation coefficient [beam-c], and photosynthetically
active radiation [PAR]), chlorophyll-a fluorescence, and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM).
Measurements were conducted using a Sea-Bird Electronics SBE911 plus conductivity-temperature-
depth (CTD) profiling system deployed from the M/V Nerissa. Profiling was conducted at each
station from 1 m below the surface to 2 m above the bottom or to a maximum depth of 75 m, when
water depths exceeded 75 m. SEASOFT V2 (2017a) software was used for data acquisition, data
display, and sensor calibration. PAR was measured in conjunction with chlorophyll-a because of
the positive linkage between light intensity and photosynthesis per unit chlorophyll (Hardy 1993).
Wind condition, sea state, and visual observations of floatable materials or grease that might be
of sewage origin were also noted. Discrete ammonium (NH3-N) and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB)
samples were collected at specified stations and depths using a Sea-Bird Electronics Carousel
Water Sampler (SBE32) equipped with Niskin bottles. Six liters of surface seawater (control
sample) were collected at Station 2106 during each survey for ammonium QA/QC analysis. All
bottled samples were kept on ice in coolers and transported to OCSD's laboratory within 6 hours. A
summary of the sampling and analysis methods is presented in Table A-1.
Southern California Bight Regional Water Quality
An expanded grid of water quality stations was sampled quarterly as part of the Southern California
Bight Regional Water Quality monitoring program. These 38 stations were sampled by OCSD in
conjunction with the 28 Core water quality stations (Figure 3-1) and those of the County Sanitation
A-1
Table A-1 Water quality sample collection and analysis methods by parameter during 2018-19.
rt
#Sampling Sampling Method Field Holding Sampling Field 3
Parameter Events Method Reference Preservation Container Time Depth Replicates C
Q
Nearshore(Surfzone) to
Total Coliforms 1-2/week Standard Methods 9222 B** 125 mL HDPE at least 10%of
Fecal Coliforms 1-2/week grab Standard Methods 9222 D** Ice(<6°C) 8 hrs.(field+lab) Ankle-deep water
Enterococci 1-2/week EPA Method 1600*** (Sterile container) samples
Offshore
Temperature 6/quarter in-situ probe LMC SOP 1500.1-CTD Operations not applicable not applicable not applicable every 1 m* at least 10%of
stations
Salinity(conductivity)2 6/quarter in-situ probe LMC SOP 1500.1-CTD Operations not applicable not applicable not applicable every 1 m* at least 10%of
stations
H 3 6/ uarter in-situ robe LMC SOP 1500.1-CTD Operations not applicable not applicable not applicable eve 1 * at least 10%of
p q p p pp pp pp every m stations
Dissolved Oxygen" 6/ uarter in-situ robe LMC SOP 1500.1-CTD Operations not applicable not applicable not applicable eve 1 * at least 10%of
yg q p p pp PP pp every m stations
Light Transmissivity s 6/quarter in-situ probe LMC SOP 1500.1-CTD Operations not applicable not applicable not applicable every 1 m* at least 10%of
stations
Photosynthetically Active at least 10%of
Radiation(PAR)a 6/quarter in-situ probe LMC SOP 1500.1-CTD Operations not applicable not applicable not applicable every 1 m* stations
Chloro h II-a fluorescence s 6/ uarter in-situ robe LMC SOP 1500.1-CTD Operations not applicable not applicable not applicable eve 1 * at least 10%of
p y q p p pp pp pp every m stations
Color Dissolved Organic Matter 6/quarter in-situ probe LMC SOP 1500.1-CTD Operations not applicable not applicable not applicable every 1 m* at least 10%of
(CDOM)s stations
Surface,10m,20m, at least 10%of
Ammonium(NH3-N) 6/quarter Niskin bottle LMC SOP 4500-NH3.G,Rev.J** Ice(<6°C) 125 mL HDPE 28 days 30m,40m,50m, samples
60m,Bottom
20m 10m, ,
� Total Coliforms and 125 mL HDPE Surface, at least 10%of
N Escherichia coli' 5/quarter a Niskin bottle Standard Methods 9223 C** Ice(<6°C) (Sterile container) 8 hrs.(field+lab) 30m,40m,50m, samples
60m,Bottom
Surface,10m,20m,
Enterococci 5/quarter 9 Niskin bottle Standard Methods 9230 D Ice(<6°C) 125 mL HDPE 8 hrs.(field+lab) 30m,40m,50m, at least 1 s of
(Sterile container) 60m,Bottom samples
Surface Observations 6/quarter visual Permit specs. not applicable not applicable not applicable surface not applicable
observations
1 Calibrated to reference cells(0.0005°C accuracy)annually.
2 Calibrated to IAPSO Standard and Guildline 8400B Autosal annually.
3 Referenced and calibrated to NIST buffers of pH 7,8,and 9 prior to every survey.
4 Referenced and calibrated each survey by comparison with the lab DO probe,which is calibrated daily.
5 Referenced and calibrated to known transmittance in air.
6 Factory calibrated annually.
7 Fecal coliform count calculation:(Escherichia coli MPN/100mL x 1.1).
8 REC-1 surveys completed within 30 days for geomean calculations.
Sampled continuously at 24 scans/second but data processed to 1 m intervals.
**APHA(2012).
***Available online at:www.epa.gov.
Methods
Districts of Los Angeles, the City of Los Angeles, the City of Oxnard, and the City of San Diego.
The total sampling area extends from the Ventura River in the north to the U.S./Mexico Border
in the south, with a significant spatial gap between Crystal Cove State Beach and Mission Bay
(Figure 3-2). Data were collected using CTDs within a fixed-grid pattern comprising 304 stations
during a targeted period of 3-4 days. Parameters measured included pressure, water temperature,
conductivity, DO, pH, chlorophyll-a, CDOM, and water clarity. Profiling was conducted from the
surface to 2 m from the bottom or to a maximum depth of 100 m. OCSD's sampling and analytical
methods were the same as those presented in Table A-1.
Nearshore Zone
Regional nearshore (also referred to as "surfzone") FIB samples were collected 1-2 days per
week at a total of 38 stations (Figure 3-1). When creek/storm drain stations flowed to the ocean,
3 bacteriological samples were collected at the source, 25 yards downcoast, and 25 yards upcoast.
When flow was absent, a single sample was collected 25 yards downcoast.
Samples were collected in ankle-deep water, with the mouth of the sterile bottle facing an incoming
wave but away from both the sampler and ocean bottom. After the sample was taken, the bottle
was tightly capped and promptly stored on ice in the dark. The occurrence and size of any grease
particles at the high tide line were also recorded. Laboratory analysis of FIB samples began within
6 hours of collection.
Laboratory Methods
Laboratory analyses of NH3-N and bacteriology samples followed methods listed in Table A-1.
Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures included analysis of laboratory blanks
and duplicates. All data underwent at least 3 separate reviews prior to being included in the final
database used for statistical analysis, comparison to standards, and data summaries.
Data Analyses
Raw CTD data were processed using both SEASOFT (2017b) and third party (IGODS 2012)
software. The steps included retaining down-cast data and removing potential outliers (i.e., data
that exceeded specific sensor response criteria limits). Flagged data were removed if they were
considered to be due to instrument failures, electrical noise (e.g., large data spikes), or physical
interruptions of sensors (e.g., by bubbles) rather than by actual oceanographic events. After outlier
removal, averaged 1 m depth values were prepared from the down-cast data; if there were any
missing 1 m depth values, then the up-cast data were used as a replacement. CTD and discrete
data were then combined to create a single data file that contained all sampled stations for each
survey day.
Compliance Determinations
COP compliance was assessed based on: (1) specific numeric criteria for DO, pH, and FIB (REC-1
zone only); and (2) narrative (non-numeric) criteria for light transmissivity, floating particulates, oil
and grease, water discoloration, beach grease, and excess nutrients.
DO, pH, and Light Transmissivity
Station locations were defined as either Zone A (inshore) or Zone B (offshore) as shown in
Figure A-1. Compliance evaluations for DO, pH, and light transmissivity were based on statistical
comparisons to the corresponding Zone A or Zone B reference station located up-current of the
outfall (OCSD 1999). For each survey, the depth of the pycnocline layer, if present, was calculated
for each station using density data. The pycnocline is defined as the depth layer where stability is
greater than 0.05 kg/m3 (Officer 1976). Data for each station and numeric compliance parameter
(light transmissivity, DO, and pH) were binned by water column stratum: above, within, or below
A-3
Methods
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50m 23050 21830
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60m 2 2225• 21039
0�2306• e 21840
80 m 22
loom 2226• 21 pq0,
2185•
2206•
200m 21050
2186•
O no sfnron
300m N 21060 •upw,,t Reference sfeto
0 1 2 4 Miles •Dewnceeef Rference Stzten
•wager ouaiiry comPtance scafion
—0ee1 0mr1111
0 1.5 3 6 Kilometers
OCSD January 2020 Esrl,carmin,OEBCO,NOAA NODO,and other contributors
Figure A-1 Offshore water quality monitoring stations and zones used for California Ocean Plan
compliance determinations.
the pycnocline. When a pycnocline was absent, data were binned into the top, middle, or bottom
third of the water column for each station. Mean values for each parameter were calculated by
stratum and station. The number of observations usually differed from station to station and survey
to survey due to different water and pycnocline depths. The selection of appropriate reference
stations (i.e., upcoast or downcoast) for each survey day were determined based on available
current measurements and the presence or absence of typical plume "signals" (e.g., NH3-N,
FIB, and/or CDOM). If the choice of a reference station was indeterminate, then the data were
analyzed twice using both upcoast and downcoast reference stations. Once reference stations
were determined, the data were analyzed using in-house MATLAB (2007) routines to calculate
Out-of-Range occurrences (OROs) for each sampling date and parameter. These OROs were
based on comparing the mean data by stratum and station with the corresponding reference station
data to determine whether the following criteria were exceeded:
• DO: cannot be depressed >10% below the reference mean;
• pH: cannot exceed ±0.2 pH units of the reference mean; and
• Natural light (defined as light transmissivity): shall not be significantly reduced, where
statistically different from the reference mean is defined as the lower 95% confidence limit.
In accordance with permit specifications, the outfall station (2205) was not included in the
comparisons because it is within the zone of initial dilution (ZID).
A-4
Methods
To determine whether an ORO was Out-of-Compliance (OOC), distributional maps were created
that identified the reference stations for each sampling date and location of each ORO, including
which stratum was out of range. Each ORO was then evaluated to determine if it represented a
logical OOC event. These evaluations were based on: (A) evaluation of the wastewater plume
location relative to depth using a combination of temperature, density, salinity, CDOM, and when
available, FIB and NH3-N; (B) evaluation of features in the water column relative to naturally
occurring events (i.e., high chlorophyll-a due to phytoplankton); and (C) unique characteristics of
some stations that may not be comparable with permit-specified reference stations (2104/2105
or 2404/2406) due to differences in water depth and/or variable oceanographic conditions. For
example, some Zone A stations (e.g., 2403) are located at shallower depths than reference Station
2104. Waves and currents can cause greater mixing and resuspension of bottom sediments at
shallower stations under certain conditions (e.g., winter storm surges). This can result in naturally
decreased water clarity (light transmissivity) that is unrelated to the wastewater discharge. An ORO
can be in-compliance if, for example, a down-current station is different from the reference, but no
intermediate (e.g., nearfield) stations exhibited OROs.
Once the total number of OOC events was summed by parameter, the percentage of OROs and
OOCs were calculated according to the total number of observations. In a typical year, Zone
A has a total of 468 possible comparisons if 13 stations (not including the reference station) and
3 strata over 12 survey dates per year are used. For Zone B, 432 comparisons are possible from
12 stations (not including the reference and outfall stations), 3 strata, and 12 sampling dates. The
total combined number of ORO and OOC events was then determined by summing the Zone A and
Zone B results. When all of the strata are not present (e.g., below thermocline at shallow stations)
or additional surveys are conducted, the total number of comparisons in the analysis may be more
or less than the target number of comparisons possible (900).
Compliance was also calculated using a method developed by the Southern California Coastal
Water Research Project (SCCWRP) in conjunction with its member agencies and the State Water
Resources Control Board. The methodology involves 4 steps: (A) identification of the stations
affected by effluent wastewater using CDOM, (B) selection of reference sampling sites representing
"natural" conditions, (C) a per meter comparison between water quality profiles in the reference and
plume-affected zones, and (D) calculation of maximum delta and comparison to COP standards to
determine ORO SCCWRP. Reference sites were selected from the areas around the outfalls, excluding
the sites affected by the effluent. Reference density profiles are calculated and the profiles in
the plume zone are compared to the reference profiles and a maximum difference value is used
to establish the number of ORO SCCWRP' Detailed methodology, as applied to DO, can be found in
Nezlin et al. (2016).
The 2 methods differ in their approach to establishing OROs and the SCCWRP methodology
does not calculate OOCs, therefore the following steps were taken to make the output of both
approaches more comparable.
(1) The SCCWRP approach identifies a varying number of "plume impacted" and reference
stations per survey while the OCSD method does not explicitly identify stations impacted
by the plume and uses only 2 predetermined reference stations. For this analysis, only the
number of reference stations can be directly compared.
(2) SCCWRP methodology compares only those values located below the mixed layer while the
OCSD method includes surface values. For this comparison, all ORO OCSDfound in the upper
part of the water column (i.e., Stratum 1) were not considered.
(3) Under the OCSD approach, a station may have multiple ORO and/or OOC values on a
given survey, while the SCCWRP approach identifies a single maximum difference value per
A-5
Methods
station. Therefore, monthly station OROocso were recalculated as presence/absence when
multiple OROocso occurred at a station.
(4) Unlike the OCSD method, the SCCWRP method does not provide a path to evaluate
whether an ORO did or did not constitute an OOC. For this comparison, it was assumed that
an ORO SCCWRPwas equivalent to the OOCocso if it was located downcurrent from the outfall.
(5) SCCWRP methodology does not exclude the outfall station (2205) which is located within
the ZID. For this analysis, any ORO SCCWRPassociated with Station 2205 was not included.
(6) SCCWRP methodology currently does not distinguish between positive and negative
significant differences. For those instances when an ORO SCCWRPwas positive when the
applicable COP criteria is relative to a negative impact, these OROs were not included.
Fecal Indicator Bacteria
FIB compliance used corresponding bacterial standards at each REC-1 station and for stations
outside the 3-mile state limit. FIB counts at individual REC-1 stations were averaged per survey and
compliance for each FIB was determined using the following COP criteria (SWRCB 2010):
30-day Geometric Mean
• Total coliform density shall not exceed 1,000 per 100 mL.
• Fecal coliform density shall not exceed 200 per 100 mL.
• Enterococci density shall not exceed 35 per 100 mL.
Single Sample Maximum
• Total coliform density shall not exceed 10,000 per 100 mL.
• Fecal coliform density shall not exceed 400 per 100 mL.
• Enterococci density shall not exceed 104 per 100 mL.
• Total coliform density shall not exceed 1,000 per 100 mL when the fecal coliform/total
coliform ratio exceeds 0.1.
Determinations of fecal coliform compliance were accomplished by multiplying E. coli data by 1.1 to
obtain a calculated fecal coliform value.
There are no compliance criteria for FIB at the nearshore stations. Nevertheless, FIB data were
given to the Orange County Health Care Agency (which follows State Department of Health Service
AB411 standards) for the Ocean Water Protection Program (http://ocbeachinfo.com ) and are briefly
discussed in Chapter 3.
Nutrients and Aesthetics
These compliance determinations were done based on presence/absence and level of potential
effect at each station. Station groupings are shown in Table B-5 and are based on relative distance
and direction from the outfall. Compliance for the floating particulates, oil and grease, and water
discoloration were determined based on presence/absence at the ocean surface for each station.
Compliance with the excess nutrient criterion was based on evaluation of NH3-N compared to
COP objectives for chronic (4 mg/L) and acute (6 mg/L) toxicity to marine organisms. Compliance
was also evaluated by looking at potential spatial relationships between NH3-N distribution and
phytoplankton (using chlorophyll-a fluorescence).
A-6
Methods
SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY MONITORING
Field Methods
Sediment samples were collected for geochemistry analyses from 29 semi-annual stations in
July 2018 (summer) and in January 2019 (winter) (Figure 2-2). In addition, 2-3 L of sediment was
collected from Stations 0, 1, 4, 72, 73, 76, 77, CON, and ZB in January 2019 for sediment toxicity
testing. Each station was assigned to 1 of 2 station groups: (1) Middle Shelf Zone 2, within-ZID
(51-90 m) or (2) Middle Shelf Zone 2, non-ZID (51-90 m). In Chapter 2, the Middle Shelf Zone
2, within- and non-ZID station groups are simply referred to as within-ZID and non-ZID stations,
respectively. The 39 NPDES permit-specified annual stations were not sampled during the
2018-19 monitoring period, as OCSD was given regulatory relief for participating in the Bight'18
regional monitoring program.
A single grab was collected at each station using a paired 0.1 mz Van Veen grab sampler deployed
from the M/V Nerissa. All sediment samples were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for
acceptability prior to processing. Samples were deemed acceptable if they had a minimum depth
of 5 cm. However, if 3 consecutive sediment grabs each yielded a depth of <5 cm at a station,
then the depth threshold was lowered to :54 cm. The top 2 cm of the sample was transferred into
containers using a stainless steel scoop (Table A-2). The sampler and scoop were rinsed thoroughly
with filtered seawater prior to sample collection. All sediment samples were transported on wet ice
to the laboratory. Sample storage and holding times followed specifications in OCSD's Laboratory,
Monitoring, and Compliance Standard Operating Procedures (LMC SOP) (OCSD 2016; Table A-2).
Table A-2 Sediment collection and analysis summary during 2018-19.
Parameter Container Preservation Holding Time Method
Dissolved Sulfides HDPE container Freeze 6 months LMC SOP 4500-S G Rev.B
Grain Size Plastic bag 4°C 6 months Plumb(1981)
Mercury Amber glass jar Freeze 6 months LMC SOP 245.1 B Rev.G
Metals Amber glass jar Freeze 6 months LMC SOP 200.8B_SED Rev.F
Sediment Toxicity HDPE container 4°C 2 months LMC SOP 8810
Total Chlorinated Pesticides(FPest) Glass jar Freeze 6 months LMC SOP 8000-SPP
Total DDT(EDDT) Glass jar Freeze 6 months LMC SOP 8000-SPP
Total Nitrogen(TN) Glass jar Freeze 6 months EPA 351.2M and 353.2M
Total Organic Carbon(TOC) Glass jar Freeze 6 months ASTM D4129-05
Total Phosphorus(TP) Glass jar Freeze 6 months EPA 6010E*
Total Polychlorinated Biphenyls(FPCB) Glass jar Freeze 6 months LMC SOP 8000-SPP
Total Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(EPAH) Glass jar Freeze 6 months LMC SOP 8000-PAH
*Available online at:www.epa.gov.
Laboratory Methods
Sediment grain size, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus samples were
subsequently transferred to local and interstate laboratories for analysis (see Appendix C). Sample
transfers were conducted and documented using required chain of custody protocols through the
Laboratory Information Management Systems software. All other analyses were conducted by
OCSD lab staff.
Sediment chemistry and grain size samples were processed and analyzed using the methods
listed in Table A-2. The measured sediment chemistry parameters are listed in Table A-3.
Method blanks, analytical quality control samples (duplicates, matrix spikes, and blank spikes),
and standard reference materials were prepared and analyzed with each sample batch. Total
polychlorinated biphenyls (7-PCB) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (F-PAH) were
calculated by summing the measured value of each respective constituent listed in Table A-3. Total
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (Y-DDT) represents the summed values of 4,4'-DDMU and the
2,4- and 4,4'-isomers of DDD, DDE, and DDT. Total chlorinated pesticides (ZPest) represents the
summed values of 13 chlordane derivative compounds plus dieldrin.
A-7
Methods
Table A-3 Parameters measured in sediment samples during 2018-19.
Metals
Antimony Cadmium Lead Selenium
Arsenic Chromium Mercury Silver
Barium Copper Nickel Zinc
Beryllium
Organochlorine Pesticides
Chlordane Derivatives and Dieldrin
Aldrin Endosulfan-alpha gamma-BHC Hexachlorobenzene
cis-Chlordane Endosulfan-beta Heptachlor Mirex
trans-Chlordane Endosulfan-sulfate Heptachlor epoxide trans-Nonachlor
Dieldrin Endrin
DDT Derivatives
2,4'-DDD 2,4'-DDE 2,4'-DDT 4,4'-DDMU
4,4'-DDD 4,4'-DDE 4,4'-DDT
Polychlorinated Biphenyl(PCB)Congeners
PCB 18 PCB 81 PCB 126 PCB 170
PCB 28 PCB 87 PCB 128 PCB 177
PCB 37 PCB 99 PCB 138 PCB 180
PCB 44 PCB 101 PCB 149 PCB 183
PCB 49 PCB 105 PCB 151 PCB 187
PCB 52 PCB 110 PCB 153/168 PCB 189
PCB 66 PCB 114 PCB 156 PCB 194
PCB 70 PCB 118 PCB 157 PCB 201
PCB 74 PCB 119 PCB 167 PCB 206
PCB 77 PCB 123 PCB 169
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon(PAH)Compounds
Acenaphthene Benzo[g,h,i]perylene Fluoranthene 1-M ethyl naphthalene
Acenaphthylene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Fluorene 2-M ethyl naphthalene
Anthracene Biphenyl Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene 2,6-Di methyl naphthalene
Benz[a]anth race ne Chrysene Naphthalene 1,6,7-Tri methyl naphthalene
Benzo[a]pyrene Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Perylene 2,3,6-Tri methyl naphthalene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene Dibenzothiophene Phenanthrene 1-Methylphenanthrene
Benzo[e]pyrene Pyrene
Other Parameters
Dissolved Sulfides Total Nitrogen Total Organic Carbon Total Phosphorus
Grain Size
Sediment toxicity was conducted using the Eohaustorius estuarius amphipod survival test
(EPA 1994). Amphipods were exposed to test and home (control) sediments for 10 days, and the
percent survival of amphipods in each treatment was determined.
Data Analyses
All analytes that were undetected (i.e., value below the method detection limit) are reported
as ND (not detected). Further, an ND value was treated as zero for calculating a mean analyte
concentration; however, if a station group contained all ND for a particular analyte, then the mean
analyte concentration is reported as ND. Sediment contaminant concentrations were evaluated
against sediment quality guidelines known as Effects Range-Median (ERM) (Long et al. 1998). The
ERM guidelines were developed for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National
Status and Trends Program (NOAA 1993) as non-regulatory benchmarks to aid in the interpretation
of sediment chemistry data and to complement toxicity, bioaccumulation, and benthic community
assessments (Long and MacDonald 1998). The ERM is the 50th percentile sediment concentration
above which a toxic effect frequently occurs (Long et al. 1995), and as such, an ERM exceedance
is considered a significant potential for adverse biological effects. Bight'13 sediment geochemistry
data (Dodder et al. 2016) were also used as benchmarks. Data analysis consisted of summary
statistics and qualitative comparisons only.
Toxicity threshold criteria applied in this report were consistent with those of the Water Quality
Control Plan for Enclosed Bays and Estuaries — Part 1 Sediment Quality (Bay et al. 2009,
SWRCB 2009). Stations with statistically different (p<0.05) amphipod survival rates when compared
to the control, determined by a two-sample t-test, were categorized as nontoxic when survival was
90-100% of the control, lowly toxic when survival was 82-89% of the control, and moderately toxic
A-8
Methods
when survival was 59-81% of the control. Stations with no statistically different (p>0.05) amphipod
survival rates when compared to the control were categorized as nontoxic when survival was
82-100% of the control and lowly toxic when survival was 59-81% of the control. Any station
exhibiting amphipod survival less than 59% of the control was categorized as highly toxic.
BENTHIC INFAUNA MONITORING
Field Methods
A paired, 0.1 m2 Van Veen grab sampler deployed from the M/V Nerissa was used to collect a
sediment sample from the same stations (Figure 2-2) and frequencies as described above in the
sediment geochemistry field methods section. The purpose of the semi-annual surveys was to
determine long-term trends and potential effects along the 60-m depth contour.
All sediment samples were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for acceptability prior to
processing as described above in the sediment geochemistry field methods section. At each station,
acceptable sediment in the sampler was emptied into a 63.5 cm x 45.7 cm x 20.3 cm plastic tray
and then decanted onto a sieving table whereupon a hose with a fan spray nozzle was used to
gently wash the sediment with filtered seawater through a 40.6 cm x 40.6 cm, 1.0 mm sieve.
Organisms retained on the sieve were rinsed with 7% magnesium sulfate anesthetic into one or
more 1 L plastic containers and then placed in a cooler containing ice packs. After approximately
30 minutes in the anesthetic, animals were fixed by adding full strength buffered formaldehyde
to the container to achieve a 10%, by volume, solution. Samples were transported to OCSD's
laboratory for further processing.
Laboratory Methods
After 3-10 days in formalin, samples were rinsed with tap water and then transferred to
70% ethanol for long-term preservation. Samples were sent to Aquatic Bioassay and Consulting,
Inc. (Ventura, CA), where they were sorted to 5 major taxonomic groups (aliquots): Annelida
(worms), Mollusca (snails, clams, etc.), Arthropoda (shrimps, crabs, etc.), Echinodermata
(sea stars, sea urchins, etc.), and miscellaneous phyla (Cnidaria, Nemertea, etc.). Removal
of organisms was monitored to ensure that at least 95% of all organisms were successfully
separated from the sediment matrix (see Appendix C). Upon completion of sample sorting, the
major taxonomic groups were distributed for identification and enumeration (Table A-4). Taxonomic
differences were resolved and the database was edited accordingly (see Appendix C). Species
names used in this report follow those given in Cadien and Lovell (2018).
Data Analyses
Infaunal community data were analyzed to determine if populations outside the ZID were affected
by the outfall discharge. Six community measures were used to assess infaunal community health
Table A-4 Benthic infauna taxonomic aliquot distribution for 2018-19.
Quarter Survey Taxonomic Aliquots Contractor OCSD
(No.of samples)
Annelida 16 13
Semi-annual Arthropoda 7 22
Summer 2018 (29) Echinodermata 29 0
Mollusca 14 15
Miscellaneous Phyla 7 22
Annelida 29 0
Semi-annual Arthropoda 29 0
Winter 2019 Echinodermata 29 0(29)
Mollusca 0 29
Miscellaneous Phyla 29 0
Totals 189 101
A-9
Methods
and function: (1) total number of species (richness), (2) total number of individuals (abundance),
(3) Shannon-Wiener Diversity (H'), (4) Swartz's 75% Dominance Index (SDI), (5) Infaunal Trophic
Index (ITI), and (6) Benthic Response Index (BRI). H' was calculated using loge (Zar 1999). SDI
was calculated as the minimum number of species with combined abundance equal to 75% of the
individuals in the sample (Swartz 1978). SDI is inversely proportional to numerical dominance, thus
a low index value indicates high dominance (i.e., a community dominated by a few species). The ITI
was developed by Word (1978, 1990) to provide a measure of infaunal community "health" based
on a species' mode of feeding (e.g., primarily suspension vs. deposit feeder). ITI values greater
than 60 are considered indicative of a "normal" community, while 30-60 represent a "changed"
community, and values lower than 30 indicate a "degraded" community. The BRI measures the
pollution tolerance of species on an abundance-weighted average basis (Smith et al. 2001). This
measure is scaled inversely to ITI with low values (<25) representing reference conditions and
high values (>72) representing defaunation or the exclusion of most species. The intermediate
value range of 25-34 indicates a marginal deviation from reference conditions, 35-44 indicates
a loss of biodiversity, and 45-72 indicates a loss of community function. The BRI was used to
determine compliance with NPDES permit conditions, as it is a commonly used Southern California
benchmark for infaunal community structure and was developed with the input of regulators
(Ranasinghe et al. 2007, 2012). OCSD's historical infauna data from the past 10 monitoring periods,
as well as Bight'13 infauna data (Gillett et al. 2017), were also used as benchmarks.
The presence or absence of certain indicator species (pollution sensitive and pollution tolerant)
was also determined for each station. The presence of pollution sensitive species, i.e.,
Amphiodia urtica (brittle star) and amphipod crustaceans in the genera Ampelisca and
Rhepoxynius, typically indicates the existence of a healthy environment, while the occurrence of
large numbers of pollution tolerant species, i.e., Capitella capitata Cmplx (polychaete), may indicate
stressed or organically enriched environments. Patterns of these species were used to assess the
spatial and temporal influence of the wastewater discharge in the receiving environment.
PRIMER v7 (2015) multivariate statistical software was also used to examine the spatial patterns
of infaunal invertebrate communities at the 29 stations. Analyses included (1) hierarchical
clustering with group-average linking based on Bray-Curtis similarity indices and similarity profile
(SIMPROF) permutation tests of the clusters and (2) ordination of the same data using non-metric
multidimensional scaling (nMDS) to confirm hierarchical clustering. Prior to the calculation of
the Bray-Curtis indices, the data were fourth root transformed in order to down-weight the highly
abundant species and to incorporate the less common species (Clarke and Warwick 2014).
TRAWL COMMUNITIES MONITORING
Field Methods
Demersal fishes and epibenthic macroinvertebrates (EMIs) were collected by trawling in July
2018 (summer) and in February 2019 (winter) at Stations T23, T22, T1, T12, T17, and T11 in the
Middle Shelf Zone 2 (60 m) stratum (Figure 2-3). The 8 NPDES permit-specified annual stations
were not sampled during the 2018-19 monitoring period, as OCSD was given regulatory relief for
participating in the Bight'18 regional monitoring program.
OCSD's trawl sampling protocols are based upon regionally developed sampling methods
(Kelly et al. 2013). These methods require that a portion of the trawl track must pass within a 100 m
radius of the nominal station position and be within 10% of the station's nominal depth. In addition,
the speed and bottom-time duration of the trawl should range from 0.77-1.0 m/s and 8-15 minutes,
respectively. A minimum of 1 trawl was conducted from the M/V Nerissa at each station using a
7.6 m wide, Marinovich, semi-balloon otter trawl (2.54 cm mesh) with a 0.64 cm mesh cod-end
liner, an 8.9 m chain-rigged foot rope, and 23 m long trawl bridles following regionally adopted
A-10
Methods
methodology (Mearns and Allen 1978). The trawl wire scope varied from a ratio of approximately
5:1 at the shallowest stations to approximately 3:1 at the deepest station. To minimize catch
variability due to weather and current conditions, which may affect the bottom-time duration of
the trawl, trawls generally were taken along a constant depth at each station, and usually in the
same direction. Station locations and trawling speeds and paths were determined using Global
Positioning System navigation. Trawl depths were determined using a Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 39
pressure sensor attached to one of the trawl boards.
Upon retrieval of the trawl net, the contents (fishes and EMIs) were emptied into a large
flow-through water tank. Fishes were sorted by species into separate containers; EMIs were placed
together in one or more containers. The identity of individual fish in each container was checked
for sorting accuracy. Fish samples collected at Stations T1 and T11 were processed as follows:
(1) up to 15 arbitrarily selected specimens of each species were weighed to the nearest gram and
measured individually to the nearest millimeter (standard length for most species; total length for
some species); and (2) if a trawl catch contained more than 15 individuals of a species, then the
excess specimens were enumerated in 1 cm size classes and a bulk weight was recorded. Fish
samples collected at the other stations were enumerated in 1 cm size classes and a bulk weight
was recorded for each species. EMIs were sorted to species, counted, and batch weighed. For
each invertebrate species with large abundances (n>100),100 individuals were counted and then
batch weighed; the remaining individuals were batch weighed and enumerated later by back
calculating using the weight of the first 100 individuals. EMI specimens that could not be identified
in the field were preserved in 10% buffered formalin for subsequent taxonomic analysis in the
laboratory.
Laboratory Methods
After 3-10 days in formalin, the EMI specimens retained for further taxonomic scrutiny were rinsed
with tap water and then transferred to 70% ethanol for long-term preservation. These EMIs were
identified using relevant taxonomic keys and, in some cases, were compared to voucher specimens
housed in OCSD's Taxonomy Lab. Species and common names used in this report follow those
given in Page et al. (2013) and Cadien and Lovell (2018).
Data Analyses
Total number of species, total abundance, biomass, H', and SDI were calculated for both fishes
and EMIs at each station. Fish biointegrity in OCSD's monitoring area was assessed using the
Fish Response Index (FRI). The FRI is a multivariate weighted-average index produced from an
ordination analysis of calibrated species abundance data (Allen et al. 2001, 2006). FRI scores lower
than 45 are classified as reference (normal) and those greater than 45 are non-reference (abnormal
or disturbed). OCSD's historical trawl EMI and fish data from the past 10 monitoring periods, as well
as Bight'13 trawl data (Walther et al. 2017), were also used as benchmarks.
PRIMER v.7 (2015) multivariate statistical software was used to examine the spatial patterns of
the fish and EMI assemblages at the 6 stations. Analyses included (1) hierarchical clustering with
group-average linking based on Bray-Curtis similarity indices and SIMPROF permutation tests of
the clusters and (2) ordination of the same data using nMDS to confirm hierarchical clustering.
Prior to the calculation of the Bray-Curtis indices, the data were fourth root transformed in order to
down-weight the highly abundant species and incorporate the importance of the less common
species (Clarke and Warwick 2014).
Middle Shelf Zone 2 stations were grouped into the following categories to assess spatial,
outfall-related patterns: "outfall" (Stations T22 and T1) and "non-outfall" (Stations T23, T12, T17,
and T11).
A-11
Methods
FISH TISSUE CONTAMINANTS MONITORING
Two demersal fish species, English Sole (Parophrys vetulus) and Hornyhead Turbot
(Pleuronichthys verticalis), were targeted for analysis of muscle and liver tissue chemistry.
Muscle tissue was analyzed because contaminants may bioaccumulate in this tissue and can
be transferred to higher trophic levels. Liver tissue was analyzed because it typically has higher
lipid content than muscle tissue and thus bioaccumulates relatively higher concentrations of
lipid-soluble contaminants that have been linked to pathological conditions as well as immunological
or reproductive impairment (Arkoosh et al. 1998).
Demersal fishes in the families Scorpaenidae (e.g., California Scorpionfish and Vermilion Rockfish)
and Serranidae (e.g., Kelp Bass and Sand Bass) were also targeted, as they are frequently caught
and consumed by recreational anglers. As such, contaminants in the muscle tissue of these fishes
were analyzed to gauge human health risk.
Field Methods
The sampling objective for bioaccumulation analysis was to collect 10 individuals each of
English Sole and Hornyhead Turbot at outfall (T1) and non-outfall (T11) stations during the 2018-19
monitoring period. Five hauls were conducted at each station in July 2018. Ten individuals in total of
scorpaenid and serranid fishes were targeted at the outfall (Zone 1) and non-outfall (Zone 3) areas
using hook-and-line fishing gear ("rig-fishing") in April and May 2019 (Figure 2-3).
Each fish collected for bioaccumulation analysis was weighed to the nearest gram and its standard
length measured to the nearest millimeter; placed in pre-labelled, plastic, re-sealable bags; and
stored on wet ice in an insulated cooler. Bioaccumulation samples were subsequently transported
under chain of custody protocols to OCSD's laboratory. Sample storage and holding times for
bioaccumulation analyses followed specifications in OCSD's LMC SOP (OCSD 2016; Table A-5).
Laboratory Methods
Individual fish were dissected in the laboratory under clean conditions. Muscle and liver tissues
were analyzed for various parameters listed in Table A-6 using methods shown in Table A-5.
Method blanks, analytical quality control samples (duplicates, matrix spikes, and blank spikes), and
standard reference materials were prepared and analyzed with each sample batch. All reported
concentrations are on a wet weight basis.
7_DDT and ZPCB were calculated as described in the sediment geochemistry section. Total
chlordane (7-Chlordane) represents the sum of 7 derivative compounds (cis- and trans-chlordane,
cis- and trans-nonachlor, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and oxychlordane). Organic contaminant
data were not lipid normalized.
Data Analyses
All analytes that were undetected (i.e., value below the method detection limit) are reported as ND.
Further, an ND value was treated as zero for calculating a mean analyte concentration; however,
if fish tissue samples had all ND for a particular analyte, then the mean analyte concentration is
reported as ND. Data analysis consisted of summary statistics (i.e., means and ranges) and
qualitative comparisons only.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration action levels and the State of California Office
of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment advisory tissue levels for 7-DDT, 7-PCB,
methylmercury, dieldrin and 7-Chlordane were used to assess human health risk in rig-caught fish
(Klasing and Brodberg 2008, FDA 2011).
A-12
Methods
Table A-5 Fish tissue handling and analysis summary during 2018-19.
Parameter Container Preservation Holding Time Method
Arsenic and Selenium Ziplock bag Freeze 6 months LMC SOP 200.86 SED Rev.F
Organochlorine Pesticides Ziplock bag Freeze 6 months NS&T(NOAA 1993);EPA 8270
DDTs Ziplock bag Freeze 6 months NS&T(NOAA 1993);EPA 8270
Lipids Ziplock bag Freeze N/A EPA 9071*
Mercury Ziplock bag Freeze 6 months LMC SOP 245.1 B Rev.G
Polychlorinated Biphenyls Ziplock bag Freeze 6 months NS&T(NOAA 1993);EPA 8270
Available online at www.epa.gov;N/A=Not Applicable.
Table A-6 Parameters measured in fish tissue samples during 2018-19.
Metals
Arsenic* Mercury Selenium
Organochlorine Pesticides
Chlordane Derivatives and Dieldrin
cis-Chlordane Dieldrin cis-Nonachlor
trans-Chlordane Heptachlor trans-Nonachlor
Oxychlordane Heptachlor epoxide
DDT Derivatives
2,4'-DDD 2,4'-DDE 2,4'-DDT
4,4'-DDD 4,4'-DDE 4,4'-DDT
4,4'-DDMU
Polychlorinated Biphenyl(PCB)Congeners
PCB 18 PCB 101 PCB 156
PCB 28 PCB 105 PCB 157
PCB 37 PCB 110 PCB 167
PCB 44 PCB 114 PCB 169
PCB 49 PCB 118 PCB 170
PCB 52 PCB 119 PCB 177
PCB 66 PCB 123 PCB 180
PCB 70 PCB 126 PCB 183
PCB 74 PCB 128 PCB 187
PCB 77 PCB 138 PCB 189
PCB 81 PCB 149 PCB 194
PCB 87 PCB 151 PCB 201
PCB 99 PCB 153/168 PCB 206
Other Parameter
Lipids
*Analyzed only in rig-fish specimens.
FISH HEALTH MONITORING
Assessment of the overall health of fish populations is also required by the NPDES permit. This
entails documenting physical symptoms of disease in fish samples collected during each monitoring
period, as well as conducting liver histopathology analysis once every 5 years (starting from
June 15, 2012, the issue date of the current NPDES permit).
Field Methods
All trawl fish samples collected during the 2018-19 monitoring period were visually inspected for
lesions, tumors, large, non-mobile external parasites, and other signs (e.g., skeletal deformities) of
disease. Any atypical odor and coloration of fish samples were also noted. No fish samples were
collected for liver histopathology analysis, as this analysis was conducted during the 2015-16
monitoring period (OCSD 2017).
Data Analyses
Analysis of fish disease data consisted of qualitative comparisons only.
A-13
Methods
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A-14
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A-15
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A-16
Table B-1 Percent of fecal indicator bacteria by quarter and depth strata for the 2018-19 REC-1 water
quality surveys (5 surveys/quarter; 8 stations/survey).
Total Coliforms Fecal Coliforms Enterococci
Quarter Depth Strata n <10 10- 1,001- >10,000** <10 10-200 201 >400** <10 1035 36 >104**
(m) 1,000 10,000* 400* 104
1-15 80 67.5% 28.8% 3.8% 0.0% 96.3% 2.5% 1.3% 0.0% 93.8% 3.8% 0.0% 2.5%
16-30 65 63.1% 32.3% 4.6% 0.0% 96.9% 3.1% 0.0% 0.0% 89.2% 9.2% 1.5% 0.0%
Summer 31-45 20 60.0% 40.0% 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0%
46-60 30 66.7% 33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 93.3% 6.7% 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Water Column 195 65.1% 31.8% 3.1% 0.0% 95.4% 4.1% 0.5% 0.0% 91.3% 7.2% 0.5% 1.0%
1-15 79 58.8% 41.3% 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 6.3% 1.3% 2.5%
16-30 65 56.9% 43.1% 0.0% 0.0% 90.8% 9.2% 0.0% 0.0% 92.3% 3.1% 4.6% 0.0%
Fall 31-45 20 70.0% 30.0% 0.0% 0.0% 90.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 95.0% 5.0% 0.0% 0.0%
46-60 30 76.7% 23.3% 0.0% 0.0% 86.7% 13.3% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Water Column 194 62.1% 37.9% 0.0% 0.0% 89.7% 10.3% 0.0% 0.0% 92.8% 4.1% 2.1% 1.0%
1-15 80 46.3% 53.8% 0.0% 0.0% 87.5% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 86.3% 11.3% 1.3% 1.3%
16-30 65 49.2% 50.8% 0.0% 0.0% 81.5% 18.5% 0.0% 0.0% 92.3% 7.7% 0.0% 0.0%
Winter 31-45 20 30.0% 70.0% 0.0% 0.0% 55.0% 45.0% 0.0% 0.0% 70.0% 25.0% 5.0% 0.0%
46-60 30 40.0% 53.3% 6.7% 0.0% 63.3% 30.0% 0.0% 6.7% 73.3% 16.7% 3.3% 6.7%
Water Column 195 44.6% 54.4% 1.0% 0.0% 78.5% 20.5% 0.0% 1.0% 84.6% 12.3% 1.5% 1.5%
1-15 80 93.7% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 87.3% 12.7% 0.0% 0.0%
16-30 65 61.5% 36.9% 1.5% 0.0% 83.1% 15.4% 0.0% 1.5% 877% 7.7% 4.6% 0.0%
Spring 31-45 20 45.0% 50.0% 5.0% 0.0% 60.0% 35.0% 0.0% 5.0% 85.0% 5.0% 10.0% 0.0%
46-60 30 53.3% 46.7% 0.0% 0.0% 73.3% 26.7% 0.0% 0.0% 83.3% 10.0% 6.7% 0.0%
Water Column 195 71.6% 27.3% 1.0% 0.0% 86.1% 12.9% 0.0% 1.0% 86.6% 9.8% 3.6% 0.0%
1-15 80 66.5% 32.6% 0.9% 0.0% 93.4% 6.3% 0.3% 0.0% 89.3% 8.5% 0.6% 1.6%
16-30 65 57.7% 40.8% 1.5% 0.0% 88.1% 11.5% 0.0% 0.4% 90.4% 6.9% 2.7% 0.0%
Annual 31-45 20 51.3% 47.5% 1.3% 0.0% 73.8% 25.0% 0.0% 1.3% 85.0% 11.3% 3.8% 0.0%
46-60 30 59.2% 39.2% 1.7% 0.0% 79.2% 19.2% 0.0% 1.7% 86.7% 9.2% 2.5% 1.7%
Water Column 195 60.8% 37.9% 1.3% 0.0% 87.4% 11.9% 0.1% 0.5% 88.8% 8.3% 1.9% 0.9%
'Geomean; "Single sample.
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Supporting Data
Table B-2 Depth-averaged total coliform bacteria (MPN/100 mL) collected in offshore waters
and used for comparison with California Ocean Plan Water-Contact (REC-1)
Standards, July 2018 through June 2019.
Meets 30-day Meets Single Meets Single
Station Date Geometric Mean Sample Standard Sample Standard
of<-1,000/100 mL of<_10,000/100 mL of 51,000/100 mL
711012018 711112018 711212018 81612018 81712018
2103 <10 <10 <10 33 52 YES YES YES
2104 <10 <10 10 17 66 YES YES YES
2183 10 <10 <10 <10 138 YES YES YES
2203 <10 <10 <10 81 156 YES YES YES
2223 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2303 <10 <10 <10 130 251 YES YES YES
2351 <10 <10 <10 1216 512 YES YES YES
2403 <10 <10 <10 778 159 YES YES YES
1011612018 1011712018 1011812018 111512018 111612018
2103 <10 15 12 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2104 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2183 14 22 13 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2203 19 11 14 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2223 94 13 18 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2303 69 11 31 <10 15 YES YES YES
2351 113 38 72 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2403 316 178 29 <10 <10 YES YES YES
112312019 112412019 2/6/2019 21712019 2/19/2019
2103 16 18 17 21 16 YES YES YES
2104 93 61 31 17 62** YES YES YES**
2183 36 17 40 29 27 YES YES YES
2203 <10 <10 60 74 <10 YES YES YES
2223 <10 <10 134 40 <10 YES YES YES
2303 <10 <10 54 45 <10 YES YES YES
2351 <10 <10 127 58 <10 YES YES YES
2403 <10 <10 235 38 <10 YES YES YES
412312019 412412019 4/25/2019 51612019 51812019
2103 10 <10 <10 56 54** YES YES YES**
2104 13 <10 12 21 118** YES YES YES**
2183 <10 <10 <10 14 39 YES YES YES
2203 <10 <10 <10 11 16 YES YES YES
2223 <10 <10 <10 <10 10 YES YES YES
2303 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2351 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2403 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
Standard is based on when the single sample maximum fecal coliform/total coliform ratio>0.1.
Depths combined,meet single sample standard(2/19/19,5/8/19).
B-2
Supporting Data
Table B-3 Depth-averaged fecal coliform bacteria (MPN/100 mL) collected in offshore waters
and used for comparison with California Ocean Plan Water-Contact (REC-1)
Standards, July 2018 through June 2019.
Meets 30-day Meets single sample
Station Date Geometric Mean standard
5200/100 mL of 5400/100 mL
711012018 711112018 711212018 8/6/2018 81712018
2103 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2104 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2183 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2203 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2223 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2303 <10 <10 <10 <10 11 YES YES
2351 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2403 <10 <10 <10 <10 24 YES YES
1011612018 1011712018 1011812018 111512018 111612018
2103 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2104 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2183 <10 <10 10 <10 <10 YES YES
2203 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2223 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2303 18 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2351 14 11 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2403 28 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
112312019 112412019 21612019 21712019 2/19/2019
2103 10 10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2104 35 17 <10 <10 26* YES YES*
2183 17 10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2203 <10 <10 14 <10 <10 YES YES
2223 <10 <10 10 <10 <10 YES YES
2303 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2351 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2403 <10 <10 11 <10 <10 YES YES
4/23/2019 412412019 412512019 5/6/2019 5/8/2019
2103 <10 <10 <10 15 16* YES YES*
2104 10 <10 <10 <10 42* YES YES*
2183 <10 <10 <10 <10 21 YES YES
2203 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2223 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2303 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2351 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
2403 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES
Depths combined,meet single sample standard(2/19/19,5/8/19).
B-3
Supporting Data
Table B-4 Depth-averaged enterococci bacteria (MPN/100 mL) collected in offshore waters and
used for comparison with California Ocean Plan Water-Contact (REC-1) Standards
and EPA Primary Recreation Criteria in Federal Waters, July 2018 through June
2019.
Meets COP Meets COP Meets EPA
30-day single sample single sample
Station Date Geometric standard of standard of
Mean of :5104/100 mL :5501/100 mL
:535/100 mL
711012018 711112018 711212018 81612018 8/7/2018
2103 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2104 <10 11 <10 17** <10 YES YES** YES**
2183 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2203 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2223 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2303 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2351 21** <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES** YES
2403 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
1011612018 1011712018 1011812018 111512018 111612018
2103 <10 <10 <10 <10 10 YES YES YES
2104 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2183 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2203 <10 <10 15 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2223 <10 <10 12 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2303 20** <10 16 14 <10 YES YES** YES
2351 <10 <10 <10 10 <10 YES YES YES
2403 <10 <10 25** <10 <10 YES YES** YES
1/23/2019 112412019 Z16/2019 21712019 211912019
2103 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2104 12 <10 <10 <10 17** YES YES** YES
2183 <10 <10 10 <10 10 YES YES YES
2203 <10 13 10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2223 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2303 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2351 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2403 <10 32** 10 <10 <10 YES YES** YES**
4/23/2019 412412019 4/25/2019 5/6/2019 5/8/2019
2103 <10 10 <10 <10 11 YES YES YES
2104 <10 <10 <10 <10 21 YES YES YES
2183 <10 10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2203 <10 <10 <10 <10 10 YES YES YES
2223 10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2303 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2351 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
2403 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 YES YES YES
Standard is based on area of infrequent use.
**Depths combined,meet single sample standard(7/10/18,8/6/18,10/16/18,10/18/18,1/24/19,2/19/19).
B-4
Supporting Data
Table B-5 Summary of floatable material by station group observed during the 28-station
grid water quality surveys, July 2018 through June 2019. Total number of station
visits = 336.
Station Group
Upcoast Upcoast Infield Within-ZID Infield Downcoast Downcoast
Offshore Inshore Offshore Inshore Offshore Inshore
Surface Observation Totals
2225,2226 2223,2224
2305,2306 2303,2304 2206 2205 2203,2204 2105,2106 2103,2104
2353,2354 2351,2352 2185,2186 2183,2184
2405,2406 2403,2404
Oil and Grease 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trash/Debris 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 3
Biological Material(kelp) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
Material of Sewage Origin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 5
Table B-6 Summary of floatable material by station group observed during the REC-1 water
quality surveys, July 2018 through June 2019. Total number of station visits = 108.
Station Group
Surface Observation Upcoast Inshore Within-ZID Infield Downcoast
Inshore Inshore Totals
2223,2303 2103,2104,
2351,2403 2205 2203 2183
Oil and Grease 0 0 0 0 0
Trash/Debris 1 0 0 0 1
Biological Material(kelp) 4 1 0 1 6
Material of Sewage Origin 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 5 1 0 1 7
B-5
Table B-7 Summary of Core water quality compliance parameters by quarter and depth strata for 2018-19 (3 surveys/quarter; N
c
28 stations/survey).
0
Quarter
Depth Strata Dissolved Oxygen(mg/L) pH Light Transmissivity
(m) Minimum Mean Maximum Std.Dev. Minimum Mean Maximum Std.Dev. Minimum Mean Maximum Std.Dev.
1-15 5.64 7.86 11.23 0.70 7.96 8.05 8.16 0.05 55.18 84.73 87.73 3.06
16-30 5.20 8.04 11.40 0.69 7.65 7.98 8.18 0.07 50.51 82.40 87.85 5.86
31-45 4.24 6.74 8.37 1.14 7.54 7.83 7.98 0.12 74.10 85.35 87.78 1.68
Summer 46-60 3.79 5.79 7.62 1.00 7.47 7.72 7.91 0.12 81.25 86.41 88.63 1.72
61-75 3.87 5.22 6.99 0.73 7.47 7.65 7.85 0.10 82.13 86.85 88.86 1.85
Water Column 3.79 7.09 11.40 1.34 7.47 7.90 8.18 0.17 50.51 84.73 88.86 3.93
1-15 7.05 7.50 8.29 0.31 7.89 7.95 8.01 0.03 71.26 85.53 88.21 3.32
16-30 7.07 7.58 8.32 0.27 7.82 7.92 7.98 0.03 75.45 85.56 88.22 2.93
Fall 31-45 6.42 7.33 8.12 0.32 7.76 7.87 7.95 0.04 81.58 86.33 88.19 1.19
46-60 6.19 6.95 7.86 0.42 7.74 7.81 7.91 0.04 81.29 86.70 88.56 1.02
61-75 5.73 6.55 7.45 0.44 7.69 7.76 7.85 0.03 83.06 87.17 88.68 1.28
Water Column 5.73 7.30 8.32 0.48 7.69 7.89 8.01 0.07 71.26 86.04 88.68 2.55
1-15 6.56 7.82 8.50 0.27 7.83 7.95 8.02 0.03 25.44 80.06 86.19 6.54
16-30 5.30 7.31 8.16 0.51 7.73 7.90 7.98 0.05 66.69 83.66 88.04 2.36
Winter 31-45 4.67 6.49 7.82 0.89 7.62 7.83 7.97 0.10 81.13 85.68 88.89 1.50
46-60 4.15 5.56 7.52 0.81 7.56 7.72 7.94 0.09 82.09 87.17 89.33 1.86
61-75 3.76 4.93 6.35 0.71 7.52 7.65 7.80 0.08 79.21 87.23 89.40 2.52
Water Column 3.76 6.78 8.50 1.19 7.52 7.85 8.02 0.13 25.44 83.89 89.40 4.86
1-15 4.05 8.15 9.89 1.00 7.59 7.99 8.26 0.13 57.92 76.56 85.71 4.95
16-30 3.89 5.63 8.71 1.05 7.49 7.72 8.03 0.13 69.51 81.18 87.50 3.63
Spring 31-45 3.72 4.48 6.40 0.45 7.45 7.60 7.82 0.08 70.99 84.77 88.38 2.40
46-60 3.37 4.13 5.08 0.33 7.41 7.56 7.69 0.07 80.97 86.14 88.48 1.51
i 61-75 3.32 3.88 4.72 0.27 7.39 7.52 7.66 0.06 74.97 86.57 89.05 1.72
Water Column 3.32 5.75 9.89 1.85 7.39 7.73 8.26 0.21 57.92 81.80 89.05 5.26
1-15 4.05 7.83 11.23 0.68 7.59 7.98 8.26 0.08 25.44 81.72 88.21 5.93
16-30 3.89 7.14 11.40 1.14 7.49 7.88 8.18 0.12 50.51 83.20 88.22 4.25
Annual 3145 3.72 6.26 8.37 1.32 7.45 7.78 7.98 0.14 70.99 85.53 88.89 1.84
46-60 3.37 5.61 7.86 1.22 7.41 7.70 7.94 0.13 80.97 86.61 89.33 1.61
61-75 3.32 5.13 7.45 1.10 7.39 7.65 7.85 0.11 74.97 86.96 89.40 1.92
Water Column 3.32 6.73 11.40 1.44 7.39 7.84 8.26 0.17 25.44 84.11 89.40 4.55
Supporting Data
Table B-8 Summary of Core water quality ammonium (mg/L) receiving water criteria by quarter
and depth strata for 2018-19 (3 surveys/quarter; 22 stations/survey).
Quarter Depth Stratan <MDL* MDL-3.9 4-5.9** >6***
1-15 180 83.3% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0%
16-30 169 77.5% 22.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Summer 31-45 55 76.4% 23.6% 0.0% 0.0%
46-60 96 71.9% 28.1% 0.0% 0.0%
Water Column 500 78.4% 21.6% 0.0% 0.0%
1-15 183 76.0% 24.0% 0.0% 0.0%
16-30 153 80.4% 19.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Fall 31-45 60 65.0% 35.0% 0.0% 0.0%
46-60 106 54.7% 45.3% 0.0% 0.0%
Water Column 502 71.5% 28.5% 0.0% 0.0%
1-15 138 86.2% 13.8% 0.0% 0.0%
16-30 142 77.5% 22.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Winter 31-45 52 80.8% 19.2% 0.0% 0.0%
46-60 91 73.6% 26.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Water Column 423 79.9% 20.1% 0.0% 0.0%
1-15 150 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
16-30 134 92.5% 7.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Spring 31-45 52 69.2% 30.8% 0.0% 0.0%
46-60 78 85.9% 14.1% 0.0% 0.0%
Water Column 414 91.1% 8.9% 0.0% 0.0%
1-15 651 85.7% 14.3% 0.0% 0.0%
16-30 598 81.6% 18.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Annual 31-45 219 72.6% 27.4% 0.0% 0.0%
46-60 371 70.4% 29.6% 0.0% 0.0%
Water Column 1839 79.7% 20.3% 0.0% 0.0%
MDL range 0.014-0.04;**COP chronic crteria;***COP acute criteria.
Table B-9 Species richness and abundance values of the major taxonomic groups collected in
the Middle Shelf Zone 2 stratum (51-90 m) for the 2018-19 infauna surveys. Values
represent the mean and range (in parentheses).
Quarter Parameter Area Annelida Arthropoda Echinodermata Misc.Phyla Mollusca
Number of Within-ZID 52(43-62) 19(13-23) 5(2-9) 6(3-13) 7(4-12)
Summer Species Non-ZID 52(39-63) 18(9-26) 5(2-8) 6(3-12) 9(5-15)
Within-ZID 223(148-313) 52(41-66) 12(5-25) 8(3-22) 19(6-37)
Abundance Non-ZID 258(158-394) 58(30-133) 14(6-28) 14(3-26) 21 (10-32)
Number of Within-ZID 53(52-55) 16(10-20) 4(3-6) 11(9-14) 6(1-10)
Winter Species Non-ZID 57(31-73) 16(8-27) 3(0-6) 9(3-13) 7(2-13)
Abundance Within-ZID 309(187-407) 42(31-55) 6(3-10) 17(11-24) 12(1-18)
Non-ZID 377(171-638) 51 (15-107) 7(0-19) 15(7-32) 13(3-22)
B-7
Table B-10 Abundance and species richness of epibenthic macroinvertebrates by station and species for the Summer 2018 and c
Winter 2019 trawl surveys.
0
Station T23 T22 T1 T12 T17 T11 rt
Nominal Depth 58 60 55 57 60 60
to
Quarter S W S W S W S W S W S W Total %
Ophiura luetkenii 18 64 12 46 482 980 3982 8 1484 969 8045 59.1 M.
Lytechinus pictus 645 1194 405 196 86 64 67 14 129 8 1 2809 20.6
Sicyonia penicillata 12 18 1 10 10 816 36 903 6.6
Thesea sp B 21 60 16 42 67 176 27 94 5 34 31 78 651 4.8
Hamatoscalpellum californicum 10 12 2 4 11 30 5 126 24 49 53 326 2.4
Pleuroncodes planipes 4 322 326 2.4
Sicyonia ingentis 4 20 17 16 48 12 42 12 30 201 1.5
Astropecten californicus 7 24 3 28 12 50 19 36 10 1 4 194 1.4
Luidia foliolata 2 2 2 4 3 4 6 4 2 2 1 32 0.2
Ophiothrix spiculata 4 7 10 1 1 9 32 0.2
Luidia asthenosoma 3 10 2 2 1 1 2 21 0.2
Heterogorgia tortuosa 1 1 1 6 1 10 0.1
Pleurobranchaea californica 1 4 1 4 10 0.1
Octopus rubescens 2 2 2 1 1 8 0.1
Strongylocentrotus fragilis 5 3 8 0.1
Acanthoptilum sp 4 1 5 <0.1
Pyromaia tuberculata 2 1 3 <0.1
Rossia pacifica 2 1 3 <0.1
Apostichopus californicus 1 1 2 <0.1
Coryrhynchus lobifrons 2 2 <0.1
W Doryteuthis opalescens 2 2 <0.1
Flabellinopsis iodinea 1 1 2 <0.1
Lamellaria diegoensis 2 2 <0.1
Megasurcula carpenteriana 2 2 <0.1
Neverita draconis 2 2 <0.1
Paguristes baked 2 2 <0.1
Philine auriformis 1 1 2 <0.1
Simnia sp 2 2 <0.1
Baptodoris mimetica 1 1 <0.1
Calliostoma turbinum 1 1 <0.1
Ericerodes hemphillii 1 1 <0.1
Muricidae 1 1 <0.1
Orthopagurus minimus 1 1 <0.1
Stylasterias forreri 1 1 <0.1
Tritonia festiva 1 1 <0.1
Total Abundance 708 1392 456 372 208 1170 1155 4284 188 898 1620 1163 13614 100
Total No.of Species 9 14 13 13 12 12 10 9 6 7 17 17 35
Table B-11 Biomass (kg) of epibenthic macroinvertebrates by station and species for the Summer 2018 and Winter 2019 trawl
surveys.
Station T23 T22 T1 T12 T17 T11
Nominal Depth 58 60 55 57 60 60
Quarter S W S W S W S W S W S W Total %
Sicyonia penicillata 0.154 0.270 0.019 0.112 0.116 10.620 0.693 11.984 33.8
Ophiura luetkenii 0.010 0.040 0.004 0.028 0.650 1.500 5.296 0.002 1.900 0.998 10.428 29.4
Lytechinus pictus 1.310 2.006 0.830 0.360 0.205 0.098 0.153 0.022 0.273 0.020 0.001 5.278 14.9
Pleuroncodes planipes 0.050 3.696 3.746 10.6
Apostichopus californicus 0.545 0.903 1.448 4.1
Thesea sp B 0.015 0.070 0.011 0.032 0.095 0.210 0.025 0.114 0.003 0.030 0.029 0.060 0.694 2.0
Sicyonia ingentis 0.002 0.018 0.053 0.028 0.163 0.002 0.263 0.008 0.103 0.640 1.8
Astropecten californicus 0.010 0.030 0.010 0.066 0.026 0.162 0.105 0.096 0.039 0.002 0.004 0.550 1.6
Octopus rubescens 0.080 0.020 0.110 0.006 0.009 0.225 0.6
Pleurobranchaea californica 0.011 0.028 0.020 0.140 0.199 0.6
Luidia foliolata 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.025 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.002 0.017 0.001 0.068 0.2
Luidia asthenosoma 0.011 0.014 0.012 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.001 0.053 0.1
Hamatoscalpellum californicum 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.001 0.008 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.038 0.1
Strongylocentrotus fragilis 0.011 0.014 0.025 0.1
Ophiothrix spiculata 0.002 0.007 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.018 0.1
Rossia pacifica 0.002 0.014 0.016 <0.1
Megasurcula carpenteriana 0.008 0.008 <0.1
Heterogorgia tortuosa 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.006 <0.1
Muricidae 0.005 0.005 <0.1
Paguristes baked 0.004 0.004 <0.1
W Acanthoptilum sp 0.002 0.001 0.003 <0.1
C4 Pyromaia tuberculata 0.002 0.001 0.003 <0.1
Doryteuthis opalescens 0.002 0.002 <0.1
Flabellinopsis iodinea 0.001 0.001 0.002 <0.1
Neverita draconis 0.002 0.002 <0.1
Philine auriformis 0.001 0.001 0.002 <0.1
Simnia sp 0.002 0.002 <0.1
Stylasterias forred 0.002 0.002 <0.1
Baptodoris mimetica 0.001 0.001 <0.1
Calliostoma turbinum 0.001 0.001 <0.1
Coryrhynchus lobifrons 0.001 0.001 <0.1
Ericerodes hemphillii 0.001 0.001 <0.1
Lamellaria diegoensis 0.001 0.001 <0.1
Orthopagurus minimus 0.001 0.001 <0.1
Tritonia festiva 0.001 0.001 <0.1
Total 1.373 2.408 0.944 0.944 0.989 4.972 1.980 5.658 0.599 10.672 3.145 1.774 35.458 100
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Table B-12 Abundance and species richness of demersal fishes by station and species for the Summer 2018 and Winter 2019 trawl c
surveys.
0
Station T23 T22 T1 T12 T17 T11 rt
Nominal Depth 58 60 55 57 60 60
tQ
Quarter S W S W S W S W S W S W Total % p
Sebastes semicinctus 2 4 1 7 2 9 3 6 15 2189 2238 27.8 rt
Citharichthys sordidus 202 232 248 210 208 132 94 141 59 134 105 129 1894 23.5
Zaniolepis latipinnis 101 57 13 33 18 94 81 127 35 410 19 131 1119 13.9
Icelinus quadriseriatus 8 26 47 80 159 87 149 4 55 9 151 8 783 9.7
Symphurus atricaudus 18 67 18 42 26 61 10 53 7 124 6 129 561 7.0
Zalembius rosaceus 18 30 15 130 34 4 18 4 62 4 56 375 4.7
Parophrys vetulus 5 15 5 3 1 20 2 51 3 14 10 31 160 2.0
Chitonotus pugetensis 9 22 26 9 41 7 24 11 1 150 1.9
Synodus lucioceps 15 15 9 2 18 40 17 6 3 18 4 147 1.8
Citharichthys xanthostigma 5 10 1 1 42 36 20 1 18 10 144 1.8
Microstomus pacificus 4 19 14 18 1 1 6 19 15 16 4 11 128 1.6
Hippoglossina stomata 2 39 5 22 3 23 1 16 1 9 121 1.5
Pleuronichthys verticalis 4 12 4 7 4 3 12 3 13 19 81 1.0
Porichthys notatus 7 2 1 1 9 2 20 1 43 0.5
Sebastes saxicola 25 25 0.3
Scorpaena guttata 1 2 3 2 1 8 17 0.2
Odontopyxis trispinosa 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 10 0.1
Genyonemus lineatus 5 3 1 9 0.1
Lycodes pacificus 1 7 8 0.1
Zaniolepis frenata 3 2 2 1 8 0.1
W Sebastes sp 1 3 4 <0.1
Argentina sialis 3 3 <0.1
O Sebastes hopkinsi 3 3 <0.1
Citharichthys stigmaeus 1 1 2 <0.1
Lyopsetta exilis 2 2 <0.1
Paralichthys californicus 1 1 2 <0.1
Sebastes miniatus 1 1 2 <0.1
Xystreurys liolepis 1 1 2 <0.1
Ophiodon elongatus 1 1 <0.1
Paralabrax clathratus 1 1 <0.1
Podothecus accipenserinus 1 1 <0.1
Porichthys mynaster 1 1 <0.1
Raja inornata 1 1 <0.1
Scomber japonicus 1 1 <0.1
Sebastes dallii 1 1 <0.1
Sebastes jordani 1 1 <0.1
Squatina californica 1 1 <0.1
Total Abundance 395 540 411 561 506 550 428 485 262 835 341 2736 8050 100
Total No.of Species 15 17 17 16 13 18 17 19 14 17 13 20 37
Table B-13 Biomass (kg) of demersal fishes by station and species for the Summer 2018 and Winter 2019 trawl surveys.
Station T23 T22 T1 T12 T17 T71
Nominal Depth 58 60 55 57 60 60
Quarter S W S W S W S W S W S W Total %
Citharichthys sordidus 17.720 10.910 5.596 3.210 1.057 3.378 0.418 2.810 0.778 1.333 1.583 6.840 55.633 30.0
Sebastes semicinctus 0.003 0.118 0.002 0.053 0.005 0.016 0.014 0.007 0.150 38.597 38.965 21.0
Zaniolepis latipinnis 2.073 1.048 0.075 0.598 0.138 1.977 1.348 0.900 0.288 3.095 0.316 2.384 14.240 7.7
Parophrys vetulus 0.548 1.500 0.898 0.358 0.062 1.850 0.228 3.300 0.098 0.688 1.020 1.698 12.248 6.6
Squatina californica 9.500 9.500 5.1
Citharichthys xanthostigma 0.598 0.694 0.065 0.029 2.350 0.989 1.328 0.160 1.648 0.903 8.764 4.7
Symphurus atricaudus 0.298 0.948 0.298 0.613 0.441 0.970 0.188 0.868 0.143 1.748 0.098 1.924 8.537 4.6
Synodus lucioceps 1.098 0.673 0.673 0.098 1.110 0.783 0.455 0.048 0.096 0.370 0.204 5.608 3.0
Pleuronichthys verticalis 0.648 0.574 0.393 0.318 0.240 0.428 0.850 0.128 0.530 0.853 4.962 2.7
Hippoglossina stomata 0.088 1.348 0.318 0.948 0.027 0.591 0.008 0.460 0.063 0.669 4.520 2.4
Zalembius rosaceus 0.428 0.268 0.648 0.673 0.822 0.173 0.033 0.188 0.228 0.160 0.302 3.923 2.1
Microstomus pacificus 0.238 0.518 0.948 0.594 0.083 0.052 0.048 0.498 0.173 0.290 0.020 0.262 3.724 2.0
Icelinus quadriseriatus 0.048 0.096 0.203 0.298 0.582 0.284 0.568 0.010 0.218 0.007 0.540 0.016 2.870 1.5
Scorpaena guttata 0.088 0.120 0.750 0.180 0.280 1.234 2.652 1.4
Paralichthys californicus 1.810 0.798 2.608 1.4
Chitonotus pugetensis 0.056 0.253 0.236 0.043 0.418 0.060 0.248 0.089 0.007 1.410 0.8
Porichthys notatus 0.248 0.103 0.110 0.013 0.085 0.038 0.598 0.027 1.222 0.7
Genyonemus lineatus 0.608 0.276 0.120 1.004 0.5
Raja inornata 0.750 0.750 0.4
Xystreurys liolepis 0.500 0.014 0.514 0.3
Sebastes miniatus 0.290 0.016 0.306 0.2
Porichthys mynaster 0.290 0.290 0.2
Lycodes pacificus 0.045 0.223 0.268 0.1
Zaniolepis frenata 0.088 0.098 0.012 0.007 0.205 0.1
Lyopsetta exilis 0.103 0.103 0.1
Sebastes saxicola 0.088 0.088 <0.1
Scomber japonicus 0.073 0.073 <0.1
Sebastes hopkinsi 0.048 0.048 <0.1
Ophiodon elongatus 0.040 0.040 <0.1
Argentina sialis 0.024 0.024 <0.1
Odontopyxis trispinosa 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.005 0.018 <0.1
Sebastesjordani 0.011 0.011 <0.1
Sebastes sp 0.004 0.007 0.011 <0.1
Citharichthys stigmaeus 0.003 0.008 0.011 <0.1
Podothecus accipenserinus 0.009 0.009 <0.1
Sebastes dallii 0.008 0.008 <0.1
Paralabrax clathratus 0.002 0.002 <0.1
Total Biomass 23.887 19.512 11.578 7.986 6.098 14.586 5.211 20.920 4.091 9.996 5.450 55.854 185.169 100
C/)
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Table B-14 Summary statistics of OCSD's legacy nearshore stations for total coliform, fecal coliform, and enterococci bacteria c
(CFU/100 ml-) by station and quarter during 2018-19.
0
Summer Fall Winter Spring Annual rt
Std Std Std Std Std
Station Min. Mean Max. Dev Min. Mean Max. Dev Min. Mean Max. Dev Min. Mean Max. Dev Min. Mean Max. Dev
Total Coliforms
39N <17 19 170 2.04 <17 18 67 1.7 <17 29 >5000 6.41 <17 16 120 1.85 <17 20 >5000 2.91 '
33N <17 15 33 1.43 <17 15 33 1.31 <17 35 >5500 6.52 <17 18 400 2.57 <17 19 >5500 3.01 w
27N <17 15 33 1.34 <17 16 33 1.41 <17 34 >4300 6.33 <17 16 50 1.45 <17 19 >4300 2.72
21 N <17 17 67 1.7 <17 16 67 1.65 <17 31 3400 5.62 <17 14 17 1.13 <17 18 3400 2.62
15N <17 20 100 1.84 <17 18 350 2.48 <17 46 3400 5.61 <17 14 33 1.31 <17 22 3400 2.99
12N <17 16 83 1.67 <17 19 50 1.75 <17 48 1800 4.8 <17 18 33 1.46 <17 22 1800 2.65
9N <17 21 180 1.92 <17 18 83 1.69 <17 67 >20000 7.75 <17 15 33 1.39 <17 25 >20000 3.41
6N <17 32 580 2.88 <17 28 470 2.61 <17 104 >20000 6.93 <17 22 1100 2.71 <17 38 >20000 4.12
3N <17 39 1000 3.81 <17 42 5900 4.76 <17 92 >20000 8.31 <17 26 500 2.65 <17 44 >20000 4.95
0 <17 20 330 2.46 <17 28 1600 3.4 <17 229 >20000 9.08 <17 22 1200 2.7 <17 40 >20000 5.52
3S <17 15 33 1.31 <17 19 33 1.6 <17 88 >2400 5.44 <17 21 67 1.84 <17 27 >2400 3.18
6S <17 15 33 1.31 <17 17 83 1.84 <17 85 1900 3.9 <17 14 17 1.13 <17 23 1900 2.89
9S <17 13 <17 1 <17 19 83 1.85 <17 49 800 3.67 <17 15 67 1.58 <17 20 800 2.46
15S <17 13 17 1.11 <17 20 330 2.5 <17 43 600 3.02 <17 15 33 1.31 <17 20 600 2.34
21S <17 13 17 1.11 <17 14 17 1.13 <17 30 200 2.83 <17 26 67 1.87 <17 19 200 2.02
27S <17 13 <17 1 <17 14 17 1.13 <17 32 500 2.79 <17 14 50 1.46 <17 17 500 1.93
29S <17 22 >100 2.14 <17 30 11000 5.91 <17 61 >1400 5.42 <17 16 33 1.42 <17 28 11000 3.91
39S <17 14 >17 1.25 <17 16 100 1.76 <17 50 >20000 9.22 <17 15 33 1.43 <17 20 >20000 3.48
All <17 18 1000 0.73 <17 20 11000 1.27 <17 64 >20000 2.03 <17 18 1200 0.55 <17 25 >20000 0.95
Fecal Coliforms
,W 39N <17 17 100 1.91 <17 16 83 1.67 <17 16 200 2.14 <17 17 170 2.11 <17 16 200 1.93
33N <17 14 17 1.13 <17 13 17 1.08 <17 19 130 2.22 <17 17 400 2.59 <17 16 400 1.87
N 27N <17 14 17 1.13 <17 13 17 1.08 <17 19 300 2.49 <17 14 67 1.58 <17 15 300 1.69
21N <17 14 17 1.16 <17 16 67 1.65 <17 17 150 2.02 <17 14 33 1.31 <17 15 150 1.57
15N <17 18 67 1.82 <17 17 200 2.13 <17 17 150 2.02 <17 13 17 1.08 <17 16 200 1.81
12N <17 17 130 1.95 <17 17 50 1.72 <17 22 83 2.09 <17 15 33 1.31 <17 18 130 1.79
9N <17 19 330 2.1 <17 15 50 1.56 <17 37 >20000 5.64 <17 15 33 1.29 <17 20 >20000 2.75
6N <17 29 520 2.93 <17 21 100 1.92 6 60 >20000 6.3 <17 19 860 2.4 6 29 >20000 3.55
3N <17 33 1200 3.5 <17 32 3200 4.15 <17 40 >20000 5.52 <17 23 600 2.45 <17 32 >20000 3.85
0 <17 18 300 2.3 <17 21 230 2.44 <17 67 5600 5.47 <17 20 1000 2.43 <17 26 5600 3.42
3S <17 15 33 1.31 <17 18 50 1.77 <17 31 200 3.11 <17 15 67 1.58 <17 19 200 2.09
6S <17 13 17 1.11 <17 16 67 1.65 <17 29 150 2.52 <17 14 33 1.31 <17 17 150 1.85
9S <17 13 <17 1 <17 15 33 1.42 <17 22 100 2.13 <17 13 <17 1 <17 15 100 1.59
15S <17 14 33 1.31 <17 17 150 1.96 <17 27 120 2.3 <17 13 17 1.08 <17 17 150 1.84
21S <17 15 83 1.68 <17 13 <17 1 <17 21 83 1.79 <17 18 50 1.66 <17 16 83 1.64
27S <17 13 <17 1 <17 13 17 1.11 <17 17 50 1.65 <17 14 17 1.13 <17 14 50 1.32
29S <17 14 17 1.13 <17 26 9500 5.87 <17 28 1000 3.92 <17 14 17 1.13 <17 19 9500 3.18
39S <17 13 <17 1 <17 13 17 1.08 <17 32 >20000 7.94 <17 13 <17 1 <17 16 >20000 2.95
All <17 17 1200 0.72 <17 17 9500 1.22 6 29 >20000 1.91 <17 16 1000 0.56 6 19 >20000 0.79
Table B-14 continues.
Table B-14 continued.
Summer Fall Winter Spring Annual
Station Min. Mean Max. Std Min. Mean Max. Std Min. Mean Max. Std Min. Mean Max. Std Min. Mean Max. Std
Dev Dev Dev Dev Dev
Enterococci
39N 2 5 16 2.24 <2 5 130 3.99 <2 4 280 4.28 <2 2 8 1.87 <2 4 280 3.16
33N <2 4 14 2.33 <2 5 70 3.26 <2 9 350 4.89 <2 5 24 2.8 <2 5 350 3.29
27N <2 4 10 2.29 <2 3 20 2.26 <2 10 >400 6.82 <2 3 10 2.03 <2 4 >400 3.57
21 N <2 3 14 1.93 <2 5 96 2.98 <2 8 256 5.35 <2 3 12 2.04 <2 4 256 3.12
15N <2 5 14 1.86 <2 5 42 3.03 <2 7 294 5.26 <2 2 6 1.67 <2 4 294 3.09
12N <2 4 136 3.51 <2 5 36 3.21 <2 8 144 4.44 <2 4 16 2.33 <2 5 144 3.35
9N <2 7 74 2.7 <2 5 58 3.15 <2 10 >400 6.1 <2 6 40 2.73 <2 6 >400 3.61
6N <2 11 176 3.77 <2 6 78 3.7 <2 14 >400 5.48 <2 5 256 3.6 <2 8 >400 4.28
3N <2 10 230 4.33 <2 14 >400 4.56 <2 16 >400 6.03 <2 8 128 4.02 <2 12 >400 4.7
0 <2 4 22 2.41 <2 7 136 4.53 2 24 >400 5.53 <2 4 >400 3.77 <2 7 >400 4.74
3S <2 2 6 1.65 <2 5 42 3.29 <2 20 >400 6.68 <2 3 34 2.89 <2 5 >400 4.62
6S <2 3 10 1.98 <2 4 38 3.52 <2 18 >400 4.51 <2 2 24 2.44 <2 5 >400 3.94
9S <2 2 8 1.69 <2 5 42 3.14 <2 10 164 4.57 <2 2 16 1.9 <2 4 164 3.34
15S <2 2 2 1.16 <2 3 138 3.58 <2 7 72 4.7 <2 2 8 1.71 <2 3 138 3.1
21S <2 2 4 1.55 <2 2 12 2.18 <2 9 184 6 <2 3 8 1.83 <2 3 184 3.32
27S <2 2 8 1.67 <2 2 24 2.18 <2 5 118 4.7 <2 2 8 1.81 <2 3 118 2.66
29S 2 5 34 2.71 <2 6 66 3.63 2 13 >400 7.81 <2 8 28 2.23 <2 8 >400 4.02
39S <2 2 12 1.93 <2 3 40 3.27 <2 7 >400 5.89 <2 2 6 1.47 <2 3 >400 3.32
All <2 4 230 0.83 <2 5 >400 0.68 <2 11 >400 0.96 <2 4 >400 0.76 <2 5 >400 0.62
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APPENDIX C
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
INTRODUCTION
The Orange County Sanitation District's (OCSD) Core Ocean Monitoring Program (OMP) is
designed to measure compliance with permit conditions and for temporal and spatial trend analysis.
The program includes measurements of:
• Water quality;
• Sediment quality;
• Benthic infaunal community health;
• Fish and epibenthic macroinvertebrate community health;
• Fish tissue contaminant concentrations (chemical body burden); and
• Fish health (including external parasites and diseases).
The Core OMP complies with OCSD's Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) (OCSD 2016a)
requirements and applicable federal, state, local, and contract requirements. The objectives of the
quality assurance program are as follows:
• Scientific data generated will be of sufficient quality to stand up to scientific and legal
scrutiny.
• Data will be gathered or developed in accordance with procedures appropriate for the
intended use of the data.
• Data will be of known and acceptable precision, accuracy, representativeness,
completeness, and comparability as required by the program.
The various aspects of the program are conducted on a schedule that varies weekly, monthly,
quarterly, semi-annually, and annually. Sampling and data analyses are designated by quarters
1 through 4, which are referred to as the Summer (July—September), Fall (October—December),
Winter (January—March), and Spring (April—June) quarters, respectively.
This appendix details quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) information for the collection and
analysis of water quality, sediment geochemistry, fish tissue chemistry, and benthic infauna for
OCSD's 2018-19 Core OMP.
WATER QUALITY NARRATIVE
OCSD's Laboratory, Monitoring, and Compliance (LMC) staff collected 650, 654, 735, and 654
quarterly ammonium samples between July 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019. Twelve surface seawater
samples were also collected at a control site (Station 2106) in each quarter. All samples were iced
upon collection. Ammonium samples were preserved with 1:1 sulfuric acid upon receipt by the
C-1
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
LMC laboratory staff, and then stored at <6.0 °C until analysis according to the LMC's Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs) (OCSD 2016b).
LMC staff also collected 175 bacteria samples in each of the Summer, Fall, and Winter quarters of
the 2018-19 monitoring period. In the 2019 Spring quarter, 174 samples were collected. All samples
were iced upon collection and stored at <10 °C until analysis in accordance with LMC SOPs.
Ammonium
The samples were analyzed for ammonium on a segmented flow analyzer using Standard Methods
4500-NH3 G-Ocean Water. Sodium salicylate and dichloroisocyanuric acid were added to the
samples to react with ammonium to form indophenol blue in a concentration proportional to the
ammonium concentration in the sample. The blue color was intensified with sodium nitroprusside
and was measured at 660 nm.
For each batch, a blank and a spike in a seawater control were analyzed every 20 or fewer
samples. In addition, a matrix spike and matrix spike replicate were analyzed every 10 or fewer
samples. An external reference sample was analyzed once each month. The method detection
limit (MDL) for low-level ammonium samples using the segmented flow instrument is shown in
Table C-1. All samples were analyzed within the required holding time. All analyses conducted
met the QA/QC criteria for accuracy and precision, with one noted exception in the Spring quarter
Table C-1 Method detection limits (MDLs) and reporting limits (RLs), July 2018-June 2019.
Receiving waters
Parameter MDL R Parameter
(MPN/00mL) (MPN/100mL) (mg/L) (g/L)
Total coliform 10 10 Ammonium(effective to 12/17/2018) 0.014* 0.040
E.coli 10 10 Ammonium(effective on 12/18/2018) 0.040* 0.040
Enterococci 10 10
Sediments
Parameter (ng/g dry) (ng g dry) Parameter (ng/g dry) (ng g dry)
Organochlorine Pesticides
2,4'-DDD 0.61 1.00 Endosulfan-alpha 0.78 1.00
2,4'-DDE 0.62 1.00 Endosulfan-beta 0.75 1.00
2,4'-DDT 0.71 1.00 Endosulfan-sulfate 1.01 2.00
4,4'-DDD 1.14 2.00 Endrin 0.61 1.00
4,4'-DDE 0.68 1.00 gamma-BHC 0.67 1.00
4,4'-DDT 0.56 1.00 Heptachlor 2.64 5.00
4,4'-DDMU 0.84 1.00 Heptachlor epoxide 0.80 1.00
Aldrin 1.97 2.00 Hexachlorobenzene 0.80 1.00
cis-Chlordane 0.70 1.00 Mirex 0.43 1.00
trans-Chlordane 0.76 1.00 trans-Nonachlor 0.82 1.00
Dieldrin 0.48 1.00
PCB Congeners
PCB 18 0.19 0.50 PCB 126 0.53 1.00
PCB 28 0.43 0.50 PCB 128 0.61 1.00
PCB 37 0.47 0.50 PCB 138 0.71 1.00
PCB 44 0.47 0.50 PCB 149 0.60 1.00
PCB 49 0.61 1.00 PCB 151 0.35 0.50
PCB 52 0.51 1.00 PCB 153/168 0.75 1.00
PCB 66 0.62 1.00 PCB 156 0.67 1.00
PCB 70 0.74 1.00 PCB 157 0.70 1.00
PCB 74 0.61 1.00 PCB 167 0.55 1.00
PCB 77 0.52 1.00 PCB 169 0.28 0.50
PCB 81 0.39 0.50 PCB 170 0.36 0.50
PCB 87 0.43 0.50 PCB 177 0.61 1.00
PCB 99 0.41 0.50 PCB 180 0.38 0.50
PCB 101 0.47 0.50 PCB 183 0.57 1.00
PCB 105 0.58 1.00 PCB 187 0.55 1.00
PCB 110 0.58 1.00 PCB 189 0.34 0.50
PCB 114 0.49 0.50 PCB 194 0.29 0.50
PCB 118 0.76 1.00 PCB 201 0.58 1.00
PCB 119 0.32 0.50 PCB 206 0.36 0.50
PCB 123 0.43 0.50
Table C-1 continues.
C-2
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Table C-1 continued.
Parameter MDL RL MDL RL
(ng/g dry) (ng g dry) Parameter (nglg dry) (ng g dry)
PAH Compounds
1,6,7-Trimethylnaphthalene 0.87 1.00 Benzo[g,h,i]perylene 2.34 5.00
1-Methyl naphthalene 1.15 2.00 Benzo[k]fluoranthene 1.07 2.00
1-Methylphenanthrene 1.09 2.00 Biphenyl 1.22 2.00
2,3,6-Trimethylnaphthalene 1.03 2.00 Chrysene 1.09 2.00
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 1.01 2.00 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 2.96 5.00
2-Methyl naphthalene 1.64 2.00 Dibenzothiophene 0.69 1.00
Acenaphthene 0.70 1.00 Fluoranthene 0.98 1.00
Acenaphthylene 0.79 1.00 Fluorene 1.26 2.00
Anthracene 0.83 1.00 Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene 2.19 5.00
Benz[a]anthracene 1.07 2.00 Naphthalene 2.80 5.00
Benzo[a]pyrene 0.98 1.00 Perylene 1.33 2.00
Benzo[b]fluoranthene 0.95 1.00 Phenanthrene 0.87 1.00
Benzo[e]pyrene 1.20 2.00 Pyrene 1.27 2.00
MDL RL
Parameter (Ng/kg dry) (Ng/kg dry) Parameter (jig/kg dry) (pgk g dry)
Metals
Antimony 0.116 0.200 Lead 0.040 0.100
Arsenic 0.054 0.100 Mercury 0.038 0.040
Barium 0.151 0.200 Nickel 0.114 0.200
Beryllium 0.030 0.100 Selenium 0.481 0.500
Cadmium 0.089 0.100 Silver 0.139 0.200
Chromium 0.058 0.100 Zinc 0.862 1.500
Copper 0.138 0.200
Parameter MDL RL Parameter MDL RL
(mg/kg dry) (mg/kg dry) N N
Miscellaneous Parameters
Dissolved Sulfides 1.03 1.03 Total Organic Carbon 0.02 0.10
Total Nitrogen(Summer) 0.52 65.00 Grain Size 0.01 0.01
Total Nitrogen(Winter) 0.49 120.00
Total Phosphorus(Summer) 0.36 7.90
Total Phosphorus(Winter) 0.18 3.80
Fish Tissue
MDL RL
MDL RL
Parameter (ng/g wet) (ng g wet) Parameter (ng/g wet) (ng g wet)
Organochlorine Pesticides
2,4'-DDD 1.22 2.00 cis-Chlordane 1.40 2.00
2,4'-DDE 1.41 2.00 trans-Chlordane 0.94 1.00
2,4'-DDT 1.58 2.00 Oxychlordane 2.64 5.00
4,4'-DDD 2.16 5.00 Heptachlor 2.25 5.00
4,4'-DDE 1.12 2.00 Heptachlor epoxide 1.26 2.00
4,4'-DDT 1.20 2.00 cis-Nonachlor 1.21 2.00
4,4'-DDMU 1.28 2.00 trans-Nonachlor 1.13 2.00
Dieldrin 2.41 5.00
PCB Congeners
PCB 18 1.89 1.89 PCB 126 0.91 1.00
PCB 28 1.33 1.33 PCB 128 1.07 1.07
PCB 37 1.64 1.64 PCB 138 0.79 1.00
PCB 44 1.19 1.19 PCB 149 0.89 1.00
PCB 49 0.62 1.00 PCB 151 0.93 1.00
PCB 52 0.69 1.00 PCB 153/168 1.46 1.46
PCB 66 0.85 1.00 PCB 156 0.72 1.00
PCB 70 1.35 1.35 PCB 157 0.75 1.00
PCB 74 2.06 2.06 PCB 167 0.70 1.00
PCB 77 1.06 1.06 PCB 169 0.69 1.00
PCB 81 0.70 1.00 PCB 170 0.70 1.00
PCB 87 0.78 1.00 PCB 177 1.12 1.12
PCB 99 0.61 1.00 PCB 180 1.13 1.13
PCB 101 1.45 1.45 PCB 183 0.66 1.00
PCB 105 1.17 1.17 PCB 187 0.59 1.00
PCB 110 0.92 1.00 PCB 189 0.94 1.00
PCB 114 0.72 1.00 PCB 194 0.71 1.00
PCB 118 0.76 1.00 PCB 201 0.86 1.00
PCB 119 0.70 1.00 PCB 206 0.57 1.00
PCB 123 1.12 1.12
MDL
Parameter (Ng kg wet) (pg/gL IYIDL L wet) Parameter (Ng kg wet) (pgl gwet)
Metals
Arsenic 0.054 0.100 Mercury 0.008 0.020
Selenium 0.481 0.500
Values reported between the MDL and the RL were estimated.
C-3
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
(Table C-2). This exception was found to be caused by analyst error; a repeat analysis met the
QA/QC criteria.
Bacteria
Samples collected offshore (i.e., Recreational (aka REC-1)) were analyzed for bacteria using
EnterolertT"^ for enterococci and Colilert-18TM for total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Fecal
coliforms were estimated by multiplying the E. coli result by a factor of 1.1. These methods utilize
enzyme substrates that produce, upon hydrolyzation, a fluorescent signal when viewed under
long-wavelength (365 nm) ultraviolet light. For samples collected along the surfzone, samples were
analyzed by culture-based methods for direct count of bacteria. EPA Method 1600 was applied to
enumerate enterococci bacteria. For enumeration of total and fecal coliforms, Standard Methods
9222B and 9222D were used, respectively. MDLs for bacteria are presented in Table C-1.
All samples were analyzed within the required holding time. REC-1 samples were processed
and incubated within 8 hours of sample collection. At least one duplicate sample was analyzed in
each sample batch; additional duplicates were analyzed based on the number of samples in the
batch. At a minimum, duplicate analyses were performed on 10% of samples per sample batch.
All equipment, reagents, and dilution waters were sterilized before use. Sterility of sample bottles
was tested for each new lot/batch before use. Each lot of medium, whether prepared or purchased,
was tested for sterility and performance with known positive and negative controls prior to use. For
Table C-2 Water quality QA/QC summary, July 2018-June 2019.
Number Number of Number of %
Total samples of QA/QC
Quarter Parameter (Total batches) QA/QC Sample Type Samples Compounds Compounds Compounds
Tested Passed Passed'
Tested
Blank 38 1 38 100
Blank Spike 38 1 38 100
Summer Ammonium 650(8) Matrix Spike 69 1 69 100
Matrix Spike Dup 69 1 69 100
Matrix Spike Precision 69 1 69 100
Blank 39 1 39 100
Blank Spike 39 1 39 100
Fall Ammonium 654(10) Matrix Spike 71 1 71 100
Matrix Spike Dup 71 1 71 100
Matrix Spike Precision 71 1 71 100
Blank 44 1 44 100
Blank Spike 44 1 44 100
Winter Ammonium 735(10) Matrix Spike 79 1 79 100
Matrix Spike Dup 79 1 79 100
Matrix Spike Precision 79 1 79 100
Blank 38 1 38 100
Blank Spike 38 1 38 100
Spring Ammonium 654(8) Matrix Spike 69 1 69 100
Matrix Spike Dup 69 1 69 100
Matrix Spike Precision 69 1 68 99
An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For blank-Target accuracy%recovery<2X MDL.
For blank spike-Target accuracy%recovery 90-110.
For matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate-Target accuracy%recovery 80-120.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<11%.
Total Coliforms 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 33 94
Summer Fecal Coliforms 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 33 94
Enterococci 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 28 80
Total Coliforms 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 33 94
Fall Fecal Coliforms 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 31 89
Enterococci 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 32 91
Total Coliforms 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 33 94
Winter Fecal Coliforms 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 32 91
Enterococci 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 29 83
Total Coliforms 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 32 91
Spring Fecal Coliforms 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 32 91
Enterococci 35(5) Duplicate 35 1 31 89
Total Coliforms 140(20) Duplicate 140 1 131 94
Annual Fecal Coliforms 140(20) Duplicate 140 1 128 91
Enterococci 140(20) Duplicate 140 1 120 86
*Analysis passed if the average range of logarithms is less than the precision criterion.
C-4
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
surfzone samples, a positive and a negative control were run simultaneously with each batch of
sample for each type of media used to ensure performance. New lots of Quanti-Tray and petri dish
were checked for sterility before use. Each Quanti-Tray sealer was checked monthly by addition
of Gram stain dye to 100 mL of water, and the tray was sealed and subsequently checked for
leakage. Each lot of commercially purchased dilution blanks was checked for appropriate volume
and sterility. New lots of <_10 mL volume pipettes were checked for accuracy by weighing volume
delivery on a calibrated top loading scale. Duplicate analyses were performed on a minimum of
10% of routine samples. Although the precision criterion is used to measure the precision of
duplicate analyses for plate-based methods (APHA 2017), this criterion was used for most probable
number methods due to a lack of criterion. Over 90% of duplicate analyses passed in all 4 quarters
for 2 of the 3 fecal indicator bacteria (Table C-2). The lowest analytical pass rate of 80% and 83%
were observed in the Summer and Winter quarters, respectively, for enterococci.
SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY NARRATIVE
OCSD's LMC laboratory received 29 sediment samples from LMC's OMP staff in July 2018, and
29 samples in January 2019. All samples were stored according to LMC SOPs. All samples were
analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs), polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), trace metals, mercury, dissolved sulfides (DS), total organic carbon
(TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and grain size. All samples were analyzed within
the required holding times.
PAHs, PCBs, and Organochlorine Pesticides
The analytical methods used to detect PAHs, organochlorine pesticides, and PCBs in the samples
are described in the LMC SOPs. All sediment samples were extracted using an accelerated
solvent extractor (ASE). Approximately 10 g (dry weight) of sample was used for each analysis. A
separatory funnel extraction was performed using 100 mL of sample when field and rinse blanks
were included in the batch. All sediment extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography—mass
spectrometry (GC/MS).
A typical sample batch included 20 field samples with required QC samples. Sample batches that
were analyzed for PAHs, organochlorine pesticides, and PCBs included the following QC samples:
1 sand blank, 1 blank spike, 1 standard reference material (SRM), 1 matrix spike, and 1 matrix
spike duplicate. MDLs and SRM acceptance criteria for each PAH, PCB, and pesticide constituent
are presented in Tables C-1 and C-3, respectively.
All analyses were performed with appropriate QC measures, as stated in OCSD's QAPP, with most
of the compounds tested during the 2 quarters meeting QA/QC criteria (Table C-4). The only QC
samples with a percentage of passing compounds lower than 80% occurred in the summer PCB
and pesticides analyses, where the matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate passed for 58% and
57% of compounds, respectively. This lower percentage of passing compounds was most likely
caused by matrix interference. When constituent concentrations exceeded the calibration range
of the instrument, dilutions were made and the samples were reanalyzed. Any deviations from
standard protocol that occurred during sample preparation or analysis are noted in the raw data
packages.
Trace Metals
Dried sediment samples were analyzed for trace metals in accordance with methods in the LMC
SOPs. A typical sample batch for antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper,
nickel, lead, silver, selenium, and zinc analyses included 3 blanks, a blank spike, and 1 SRM.
Additionally, sample duplicates, matrix spikes, and matrix spike duplicates were analyzed at least
once for every 10 sediment samples. The analysis of the blank spike and SRM provided a measure
C-5
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Table C-3 Acceptance criteria for standard reference materials, July 2018-June 2019.
Sediments
True Value Acceptance Range(ngig)
Parameter
(ng/g) Minimum Maximum
Organochlorine Pesticides,PCB Congeners,and Percent Dry Weight
(SRM 1944;New YorWNew Jersey Waterway Sediment,National Institute of Standards and Technology)
PCB 8 22.3 13.38 31.22
PCB 18 51.0 30.6 71.4
PCB 28 80.8 48.48 113.12
PCB 44 60.2 36.12 84.28
PCB 49 53.0 31.8 74.2
PCB 52 79.4 47.64 111.16
PCB 66 71.9 43.14 100.66
PCB 87 29.9 17.94 41.86
PCB 99 37.5 22.5 52.5
PCB 101 73.4 44.04 102.76
PCB 105 24.5 14.7 34.3
PCB 110 63.5 38.1 88.9
PCB 118 58.0 34.8 81.2
PCB 128 8.47 5.082 11.86
PCB 138 62.1 37.26 86.94
PCB 149 49.7 29.82 69.58
PCB 151 16.93 10.16 23.70
PCB 153/168 74.0 44.4 103.6
PCB 156 6.52 3.912 9.128
PCB 170 22.6 13.56 31.64
PCB 180 44.3 26.58 62.02
PCB 183 12.19 7.314 17.07
PCB 187 25.1 15.06 35.14
PCB 194 11.2 6.72 15.68
PCB 195 3.75 2.25 5.25
PCB 206 9.21 5.53 12.89
PCB 209 6.81 4.09 9.53
2,4'-DDD* 38.0 22.8 53.2
2,4'-DDE* 19.0 11.4 26.6
4,4'-DDD* 108.0 64.8 151.2
4,4'-DDE* 86.0 51.6 120.4
4,4'-DDT* 170.0 102 238
cis-Chlordane 16.51 9.91 23.11
trans-Chlordane* 19.0 11.4 26.6
gamma-BHC* 2.0 1.2 2.8
Hexachlorobenzene 6.03 3.62 8.44
trans-Nonachlor 8.20 4.92 11.48
Percent Dry Weight 1.3 - -
PAH Compounds and Percent Dry Weight
(SRM 1944;New YorWNew Jersey Waterway Sediment,National Institute of Standards and Technology)
1-Methylnaphthalene* 470 282 658
1-Methylphenanthrene* 1700 1020 2380
2-Methylnaphthalene* 740 444 1036
Acenaphthene* 390 234 546
Anthracene* 1130 678 1582
Benz[a]anthracene 4720 2832 6608
Benzo[a]pyrene 4300 2580 6020
Benzo[b]fluoranthene 3870 2322 5418
Benzo[e]pyrene 3280 1968 4592
Benzo[g,h,i]perylene 2840 1704 3976
Benzo[k]fuoranthene 2300 1380 3220
Biphenyl* 250 150 350
Chrysene 4860 2916 6804
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 424 254 594
Dibenzothiophene* 500 300 700
Fluoranthene 8920 5352 12488
Fluorene* 480 288 672
Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene 2780 1668 3892
Naphthalene* 1280 768 1792
Perylene 1170 702 1638
Phenanthrene 5270 3162 7378
Pyrene 9700 5820 13580
Percent Dry Weight 98.7
Table C-3 continues.
C-6
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Table C-3 continued.
True Value Acceptance Range(mg/kg)
Parameter
(mg/kg) Minimum Maximum
Metals
(CRM-540 ERA Metals in Soil;Lot No.D099-540)
Antimony 75.5 14.5 199
Arsenic 161 113 209
Barium 260 195 325
Beryllium 97.6 73.2 112
Cadmium 211 158 264
Chromium 136 95.2 177
Copper 166 124 207
Lead ill 78.8 143
Mercury 11.5 6.87 16
Nickel 91.9 64.3 119
Selenium 191 131 252
Silver 43.3 30.1 56.5
Zinc 199 139 259
Fish Tissue
True Value Acceptance Range(ng/g)
Parameter
(ng/g) Minimum Maximum
Organochlorine Pesticides and PCB Congeners
(SRM1946,Lake Superior Fish Tissue;National Institute of Standards and Technology)
PCB 18* 0.840 0.504 1.176
PCB 28* 2.0 1.2 2.8
PCB 44 4.66 2.796 6.524
PCB 49 3.80 2.28 5.32
PCB 52 8.10 4.86 11.34
PCB 66 10.8 6.48 15.12
PCB 70 14.9 8.94 20.86
PCB 74 4.83 2.898 6.762
PCB 77 0.327 0.196 0.458
PCB 87 9.40 5.64 13.16
PCB 99 25.6 15.36 35.84
PCB 101 34.6 20.76 48.44
PCB 105 19.9 11.94 27.86
PCB 110 22.8 13.68 31.92
PCB 118 52.1 31.26 72.94
PCB 126 0.380 0.228 0.532
PCB 128 22.8 13.68 31.92
PCB 138 115 69 161
PCB 149 26.3 15.78 36.82
PCB 153/168 170 102 238
PCB 156 9.52 5.712 13.328
PCB 170 25.2 15.12 35.28
PCB 180 74.4 44.64 104.16
PCB 183 21.9 13.14 30.66
PCB 187 55.2 33.12 77.28
PCB 194 13.0 7.8 18.2
PCB 201* 2.83 1.698 3.962
PCB 206 5.40 3.24 7.56
2,4'-DDD 2.20 1.32 3.08
2,4'-DDE* 1.04 0.624 1.456
2,4'-DDT* 22.3 13.38 31.22
4,4'-DDD 17.7 10.62 24.78
4,4'-DDE 373 223.8 522.2
4,4'-DDT 37.2 22.32 52.08
cis-Chlordane 32.5 19.5 45.5
trans-Chlordane 8.36 5.016 11.704
Oxychlordane 18.90 11.34 26.46
Dieldrin 32.5 19.5 45.5
Heptachlor epoxide 5.5 3.3 7.7
cis-Nonachlor 59.1 35.46 82.74
trans-Nonachlor 99.6 59.76 139.44
True Value Acceptance Range(%)
Parameter
N Minimum Maximum
Lipid
(SRM1946,Lake Superior Fish Tissue;National Institute of Standards and Technology)
Lipid* 10.17 6.1 14.2
True Value Acceptance Range(mg/kg)
Parameter
(mg/kg) Minimum Maximum
Metals
(SRM DORM-4;National Research Council Canada)
Arsenic 6.87 4.81 8.93
Selenium* 3.45 2.42 4.49
Mercury 0.412 0.288 0.536
*Parameter with non-certified value(s).
G7
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Table C-4 Sediment QA/QC summary, July 2018-June 2019.
Number Number of Number of
Total samples of QA/QC
Quarter Parameter (Total batches) QA`/QC Sample Type Samples Compounds Compounds Compounds
Tested Passed Passed*
Tested
Blank 2 26 52 100
Blank Spike 2 26 52 100
Summer PAHs 29(2) Matrix Spike 2 26 52 100
Matrix Spike Duplicate 2 26 52 100
Matrix Spike Precision 2 26 52 100
SRM Analysis 2 21 36 86
Blank 2 25 50 100
Blank Spike 2 25 49 98
Winter PAHs 29(2) Matrix Spike 2 25 50 100
Matrix Spike Duplicate 2 25 50 100
Matrix Spike Precision 1 25 25 100
SRM Analysis 2 21 37 88
An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For blank-Target accuracy%recovery<3X MDL.
For blank spike-Target accuracy%recovery 60-120.
For matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate-Target accuracy%recovery 40-120.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<25%.
For SRM analysis-Target accuracy%recovery 60-140 or certified value,whichever is greater.
Blank 2 60 120 100
Blank Spike 2 60 110 92
Summer PCBs and Pesticides 29(2) Matrix Spike 2 60 70 58
Matrix Spike Duplicate 2 60 68 57
Matrix Spike Precision 2 60 120 100
SRM Analysis 2 33 56 85
Blank 2 60 120 100
Blank Spike 2 60 100 83
Winter PCBs and Pesticides 29(2) Matrix Spike 2 60 119 99
Matrix Spike Duplicate 2 60 120 100
Matrix Spike Precision 2 60 120 100
SRM Analysis 2 33 55 83
An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For blank-Target accuracy%recovery<3X MDL.
For blank spike-Target accuracy%recovery 60-120.
For matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate-Target accuracy%recovery 40-120.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<25%.
For SRM analysis-Target accuracy%recovery 60-140 or certified value,whichever is greater.
Blank 4 12 48 100
Antimony,Arsenic, Blank Spike 2 12 24 100
Barium,Beryllium, Matrix Spike 4 12 43 90
Summer Cadmium,Chromium, 29(1) Matrix Spike Dup 4 12 43 90
Copper,Lead,Nickel, Matrix Spike Precision 4 12 48 100
Selenium,Silver,Zinc Duplicate 4 12 43 90
SRM Analysis 1 12 12 100
Blank 2 1 2 100
Blank Spike 2 1 2 100
Matrix Spike 4 1 4 100
Summer Mercury 29(1) Matrix Spike Dup 4 1 4 100
Matrix Spike Precision 4 1 4 100
Duplicate 4 1 4 100
SRM Analysis 1 1 1 100
Blank 4 12 47 98
Antimony,Arsenic, Blank Spike 2 12 24 100
Barium,Beryllium, Matrix Spike 3 12 33 92
Winter Cadmium,Chromium, 29(1) Matrix Spike Dup 3 12 33 92
Copper,Lead,Nickel, Matrix Spike Precision 3 12 36 100
Selenium,Silver,Zinc Duplicate 3 12 36 100
SRM Analysis 1 12 12 100
Blank 2 1 2 100
Blank Spike 2 1 2 100
Matrix Spike 3 1 2 100
Winter Mercury 29(1) Matrix Spike Dup 3 1 2 100
Matrix Spike Precision 3 1 2 100
Duplicate 3 1 2 67
SRM Analysis 1 1 1 100
'An analysis passed if the following criteria were met.
For blank-Target amount<3X MDL or<10%of sample result,whichever is greater.
For blank spike-Target accuracy%recovery 90-110 for mercury and 85-115 for other metals.
For matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate—Target accuracy%recovery 70-130.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<20.
For duplicate-Target precision%RPD<20%at 3X MDL of sample mean.
For SRM analysis-Target accuracy%recovery 80-120%or certified value,whichever is greater.
Table C-4 continues.
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Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Table C-4 continued.
Number Number of Number of %
Total samples of QA/QC
Quarter Parameter (Total batches) QA`/QC Sample Type Samples Compounds Compounds Compounds
Tested Passed Passed*
Tested
Blank 2 1 2 100
Blank Spike 2 1 0 0
Summer Dissolved Sulfides 29(2) Matrix Spike 3 1 3 100
Matrix Spike Dup 3 1 3 100
Matrix Spike Precision 3 1 3 100
Duplicate 3 1 0 N/A
Blank 3 1 3 100
Blank Spike 3 1 2 67
Winter Dissolved Sulfides 29(3) Matrix Spike 3 1 3 100
Matrix Spike Dup 3 1 3 100
Matrix Spike Precision 3 1 3 100
Duplicate 3 1 3 100
An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For blank-Target accuracy%recovery<2X MDL.
For blank spike-Target accuracy%recovery 80-120.
For matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate-Target accuracy%recovery 70-130.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<30%.
For duplicate-Target precision%RPD<30%at 3X MDL of sample mean.N/A represents result<3X MDL.
Blank 2 1 2 100
Blank Spike 2 1 2 100
Summer TOC 29(1) Matrix Spike 2 1 2 100
Matrix Spike Dup 2 1 2 100
Matrix Spike Precision 2 1 2 100
Duplicate 3 1 3 100
Blank 2 1 2 100
Blank Spike 2 1 2 100
Winter TOC 29(1) Matrix Spike 2 1 2 100
Matrix Spike Dup 2 1 2 100
Matrix Spike Precision 2 1 2 100
Duplicate 3 1 3 100
An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For blank-Target accuracy%recovery<10X MDL.
For blank spike,matrix spike,and matrix spike duplicate-Target accuracy%recovery 80-120.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<10%.
For duplicate-Target precision%RPD<10%at 3X MDL of sample mean.
Summer Grain Size 29(1) Duplicate 3 1 3 100
Winter Grain Size 29(1) Duplicate 3 1 3 100
'An analysis passed if the following criterion was met:
For duplicate-Target precision mean%RPD<10%of mean phi.
Blank 5 1 5 100
Blank Spike 5 1 5 100
Summer Total N 29(1) Matrix Spike 6 1 4 67
Matrix Spike Dup 6 1 4 67
Matrix Spike Precision 6 1 5 83
Duplicate 3 1 2 67
Blank 5 1 5 100
Blank Spike 5 1 5 100
Winter Total N 29(1) Matrix Spike 5 1 2 40
Matrix Spike Dup 5 1 2 40
Matrix Spike Precision 5 1 5 100
Duplicate 3 1 3 100
An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For blank-Target accuracy%recovery<3X MDL.
For blank spike-Target accuracy%recovery 90-110.
For matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate-Target accuracy%recovery 80-120.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<20%.
For duplicate-Target precision%RPD<20%at 3X MDL of sample mean.
Blank 2 1 2 100
Blank Spike 2 1 2 100
Summer Total P 29(1) Matrix Spike 2 1 1 50
Matrix Spike Dup 2 1 1 50
Matrix Spike Precision 2 1 2 100
Duplicate 4 1 4 100
Blank 2 1 2 100
Blank Spike 2 1 2 100
Winter Total P 29(1) Matrix Spike 2 1 0 0
Matrix Spike Dup 2 1 1 50
Matrix Spike Precision 2 1 1 50
Duplicate 3 1 3 100
*An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For blank-Target accuracy%recovery<3X MDL.
For blank spike-Target accuracy%recovery 80-120.
For matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate-Target accuracy%recovery 75-125.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<20%.
For duplicate-Target precision%RPD<20%at 10X MDL of sample mean.
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Quality Assurance/Quality Control
of the accuracy of the analysis. The analysis of the sample, its duplicate, and the 2 sample spikes
were evaluated for precision.
All samples were analyzed using inductively coupled mass spectroscopy. If any analyte exceeded
both the appropriate calibration curve and linear dynamic range, the sample was diluted and
reanalyzed. MDLs for metals are presented in Table C-1. Acceptance criteria for trace metal SRMs
are presented in Table C-3. Duplicate sample precision failed in 5 of 48 compounds analyzed in the
Summer quarter, possibly due to matrix interference (Table C-4). One of the 48 blanks analyzed
in the Winter quarter produced a result for selenium which was slightly higher than the allowable
range. Antimony displayed low recovery in the matrix spikes and matrix spike duplicates, due to
sediment matrix interferences. All other samples met the QA/QC criteria for all compounds tested
(Table C-4).
Mercury
Dried sediment samples were analyzed for mercury in accordance with methods described in the
LMC SOPs. QC for a typical batch included a blank, blank spike, and SRM. A set of sediment
sample duplicates, matrix spike, and matrix spike duplicates were run once for every 10 sediment
samples. When sample mercury concentration exceeded the appropriate calibration curve, the
sample was diluted with the reagent blank and reanalyzed. The samples were analyzed for mercury
on a Perkin Elmer FIMS 400 system.
The MDL for sediment mercury is presented in Table C-1. Acceptance criteria for the mercury SRM
is presented in Table C-3. All samples met the QA/QC criteria guidelines for accuracy and precision,
except for one duplicate analysis with a precision value slightly higher (20.8%) than the acceptance
criterion (20%) (Table C-4).
DS
DS samples were analyzed in accordance with methods described in the LMC SOPs. The MDL
for DS is presented in Table C-1. All QC samples in both quarters met the QC acceptance criteria,
except for the blank spike (Table C-4). The blank spike failed in both summer batches, with
recoveries of 79% and 74%, just below the acceptance limit of 80%. One winter batch blank spike
failed, with a recovery of 75%. In all batches where the blank spike failed, the matrix spike and
matrix spike duplicate not only passed the acceptance criterion of 70-130% recovery, but also the
stricter blank spike criterion of 80-120%. A corrective action was implemented to prevent blank
spike failures in the future.
TOC
TOC samples were analyzed by ALS Environmental Services, Kelso, WA. The MDL for TOC
is presented in Table C-1. All analyzed TOC QC samples passed the QA/QC acceptance criteria
(Table C-4).
Grain Size
Grain size samples were analyzed by Integral Consulting Inc., Santa Cruz, CA. The MDL for
sediment grain size is presented in Table C-1. All analyzed grain size QC samples passed the
QA/QC criteria of RPD <_10% (Table C-4).
TN
TN samples were analyzed by Weck Laboratories, Inc., City of Industry, CA. The MDL for TN is
presented in Table C-1. Most matrix spike precisions and their duplicate analyses had an RPD of
less than 20% in the Summer quarter, while the analyses in the Winter quarter resulted in 100% of
matrix spike precisions and their duplicates passing (Table C-4). All blank and blank spikes met the
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Quality Assurance/Quality Control
acceptance criteria; only 55% of matrix spikes and matrix spike duplicates met the recovery criteria
of 80-120% for the year due to matrix interferences in the analyses (Table C-4).
TP
TP samples were analyzed by Weck Laboratories. The MDL for TP is presented in Table C-1. Most
(75%) matrix spike precisions and all their duplicate analyses had an RPD of less than 20% for the
year (Table C-4). All associated blank spikes met the acceptance criteria; only 25% and 50% of
matrix spikes and matrix spike duplicates, respectively, met the recovery criteria of 75-125% for the
year due to matrix interferences in the analyses (Table C-4).
FISH TISSUE CHEMISTRY NARRATIVE
For the 2018-19 monitoring year, the LMC laboratory received 35 trawl fish samples in July 2018,
and 20 rig-fish samples in April 2019. All samples were stored, dissected, and homogenized
according to methods described in the LMC SOPs. A 1:1 muscle to water ratio was used for muscle
samples. No water was used for liver samples. After the individual samples were homogenized,
equal aliquots of muscle from each rig-fish sample, and equal aliquots of muscle and liver from
each trawl fish sample were frozen and distributed to the metals and organic chemistry sections of
the analytical chemistry laboratory for analyses.
Organochlorine Pesticides and PCB Congeners
The analytical methods used for organochlorine pesticides and PCB congeners are described in the
LMC SOPs. All fish tissue was extracted using an ASE 350 and analyzed by GC/MS.
All analyses were performed within the required holding time and with appropriate QC measures.
A typical organic tissue or liver sample batch included up to 20 field samples with required
QC samples. The QC samples included a laboratory blank, blank spike (using tilapia), sample
duplicates, matrix spike, matrix spike duplicate, and SRM. The MDLs for pesticides and PCBs
in fish tissue are presented in Table C-1. Acceptance criteria for PCB and pesticides SRM in fish
tissue are presented in Table C-3.
Most compounds tested in each parameter group met the QA/QC criteria (Table C-5). One sample
was lost due to insufficient sample for a second extraction during the Summer quarter. In cases
where constituent concentrations exceeded the calibration range of the instrument, the samples
were diluted and reanalyzed. Any variances that occurred during sample preparation or analyses
are noted in the Comments/Notes section of each batch summary.
Lipid Content
Percent lipid content was determined for each sample of fish using methods described in the
LMC SOPs. Lipids were extracted by dichloromethane from approximately 1 to 2 g of sample and
concentrated to 2 mL. A 100 pL aliquot of the extract was placed in a tared aluminum weighing boat
and allowed to air dry. The remaining residue was weighed, and the percent lipid content calculated.
All analyses were performed within the required holding time and with appropriate QC measures. All
analyzed samples passed (Table C-5).
Mercury
Fish tissue samples were analyzed for mercury in accordance with LMC SOPs. Typical QC
analyses for a tissue sample batch included a blank, a blank spike, and SRMs (liver and muscle). In
the same batch, additional QC samples included sample duplicates, matrix spikes, and matrix spike
duplicates, which were run approximately once every 10 samples.
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Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Table C-5 Fish tissue QA/QC summary, July 2018-June 2019.
Number Number of Number of %
Total samples of QAIQC
Quarter Parameter (Total batches) QA/QC Sample Type Samples Compounds Compounds Compounds
Tested Passed Passed*
Tested
Blank 8 54 432 100
Blank Spike 7 54 356 94
PCBs and Matrix Spike 4 54 201 93
Summer 70(4) Matrix Spike Dup 4 54 197 91
Pesticides Matrix Spike Precision 4 54 204 94
Duplicate 2 54 108 100
SRM 4 38 128 84
Blank 4 54 216 100
Blank Spike 4 54 191 88
PCBs and Matrix Spike 2 54 100 93
Spring 20(2) Matrix Spike Dup 2 54 92 85
Pesticides Matrix Spike Precision 2 54 102 94
Duplicate 2 54 107 99
SRM 2 41 69 84
An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For blank-Target accuracy%recovery<3X MDL.
For blank spike-Target accuracy%recovery 60-120.
For matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate-Target accuracy%recovery 40-120.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<20%.
For duplicate-Target precision%RPD<20%at 3X MDL of sample mean.
For SRM analysis-Target accuracy%recovery 60-140 or certified value,whichever is greater.
Percent Lipid- Duplicate 2 1 2 100
352
Summer Liver ( ) SRM 2 1 2 100
Percent Lipid- Duplicate 2 1 2 100
Muscle 35(2) SRM 2 1 2 100
Percent Lipid- Duplicate 2 1 2 100
Spring Muscle 20(2) SRM 2 1 2 100
*An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For duplicate-Target precision%RPD<25%.
For SRM-Target%recovery 60-140.
Blank 4 1 4 100
Blank Spike 4 1 4 100
Matrix Spike 7 1 7 100
Summer Mercury 70(2) Matrix Spike Dup 7 1 7 100
Matrix Spike Precision 7 1 7 100
Duplicate 7 1 7 100
SRM Analysis 2 1 2 100
Blank 3 2 6 100
Blank Spike 1 2 2 100
Matrix Spike 2 2 4 100
Spring Arsenic&Selenium 20(1) Matrix Spike Dup 2 2 4 100
Matrix Spike Precision 2 2 4 100
Duplicate 2 2 4 100
SRM Analysis 1 2 2 100
Blank 1 1 1 100
Blank Spike 1 1 1 100
Matrix Spike 2 1 2 100
Spring Mercury 20(1) Matrix Spike Dup 2 1 2 100
Matrix Spike Precision 2 1 2 100
Duplicate 2 1 2 100
SRM Analysis 1 1 1 100
*An analysis passed if the following criteria were met:
For blank-Target accuracy%recovery<2X MDL.
For blank spike-Target accuracy%recovery 90-110.
For matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate-Target accuracy%recovery 70-130.
For matrix spike precision-Target precision%RPD<25%.
For duplicate-Target precision%RPD<30%at 10X MDL of sample mean.
For SRM analysis-Target accuracy%recovery 70-130 or certified value,whichever is greater.
The MDL for fish mercury is presented in Table C-1. Acceptance criteria for the mercury SRMs are
presented in Table C-3. All samples were analyzed within their 6-month holding time and met the
QA criteria guidelines (Table C-5).
Arsenic and Selenium
Rig-fish tissue samples were analyzed for arsenic and selenium in accordance with LMC SOPs.
Typical QC analyses for a tissue sample batch included 3 blanks, a blank spike, and an SRM
(muscle). Additional QC samples included a sample duplicate, a matrix spike, and a matrix spike
duplicate, which were run at least once every 10 samples.
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Quality Assurance/Quality Control
The MDLs for fish arsenic and selenium are presented in Table C-1. Acceptance criteria for the
arsenic and selenium SRMs are presented in Table C-3. All samples were analyzed within a
6-month holding time and all analyzed samples met the QA criteria guidelines (Table C-5).
BENTHIC INFAUNA NARRATIVE
The sorting and taxonomy QA/QC follow OCSD's QAPP. These QA/QC procedures were conducted
on sediment samples collected for infauna) community analysis in July 2018 (summer) from
29 semi-annual stations (52-65 m) and in January 2019 (winter) from the same 29 semi-annual
stations (Table A-4).
Sorting
The sorting procedure involved removal by Aquatic Bioassay and Consulting Laboratories, Inc.
(ABC) of all organisms, including their fragments, from sediment samples into separate vials by
major taxa (aliquots). The abundance of countable organisms (i.e., specimens with a head) per
station was recorded. After ABC's in-house sorting efficiency criteria were met, the organisms and
remaining particulates (grunge) were returned to OCSD. Ten percent of these samples (6 of 58)
were randomly selected for re-sorting by OCSD staff. A tally was made of any countable organisms
missed by ABC. A sample passed QC if the total number of countable animals found in the re-sort
was :55% of the total number of individuals originally reported. Sorting results for all QA samples
were well below the 5% QC limit.
Taxonomy
Selected benthic infauna samples underwent comparative taxonomic analysis by
2 independent taxonomists. Samples were randomly chosen for re-identification from each
taxonomist's allotment of assigned samples. These were swapped between taxonomists with the
same expertise in the major taxon. The resulting datasets were compared, and a discrepancy report
generated. The participating taxonomists reconciled the discrepancies. Necessary corrections to
taxon names or abundances were made to the database. The results were scored and errors tallied
by station. Percent errors were calculated using the equations below:
Equation 1: %Error#Individuals = (14 Individuals Resolved - # Individuals Onginai� _ # Individuals Resolved)x 100
Equation 2: %Error#IDTaxa = (#Taxa Misidentification _ #Taxa Resolved)x 100
Equation 3: %Error#ioIndividuals = (# Individuals Misidentification _ # Individuals Resolved) " 100
Please refer to OCSD's QAPP for detailed explanation of the variables. The first 2 equations are
considered gauges of errors in accounting (e.g., recording on wrong line, miscounting, etc.), which,
by their random nature, are difficult to predict. Equation 3 is the preferred measure of identification
accuracy. It is weighted by abundance and has a more rigorous set of corrective actions (e.g.,
additional taxonomic training) when errors exceed 10%.
In addition to the re-identifications, a Synoptic Data Review (SDR) was conducted upon
completion of all data entry and QA. This consisted of a review of the infauna data for the survey
year, aggregated by taxonomist (including both in-house and contractor). From this, any possible
anomalous species reports, such as species reported outside its known depth range and possible
data entry errors, were flagged for further investigation.
QC objectives for identification accuracy (Equation 3) were met in 2018-19 (Table C-6). The SDR
revealed some differences in application of names when compared with OCSD's internal data.
While every attempt was made to standardize name application for non-specific names, i.e.,
specimens not identifiable to genus and species due to condition or developmental stage, the
contractors differed in a few cases. We were able to identify these discrepancies and make the
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Quality Assurance/Quality Control
changes to the final dataset. The use of provisional taxa familiar to the contractors but not OCSD's
taxonomists was reconciled by sharing information by both parties to ensure there was no overlap
with known taxa and to improve intercalibration between the taxonomists. No other changes to the
2018-19 infauna dataset was made as a result of the SDR.
Table C-6 Percent error rates calculated for the July 2018 infauna QA samples.
Station
Error Type Mean
0 85 86 C
1.%Error#Individuals 1.1 1.8 1.6 2.4 1.7
2.%Error#ID Taxa 11.0 2.2 0.9 7.4 5.4
3.%Error#ID Individuals 3.4 1.1 0.3 3.2 2.0
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Quality Assurance/Quality Control
REFERENCES
OCSD (Orange County Sanitation District). 2016a. Orange County Sanitation District — Ocean Monitoring
Program. Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), (2016-17). Fountain Valley, CA.
OCSD. 2016b. Laboratory, Monitoring, and Compliance Standard Operating Procedures. Fountain Valley, CA.
APHA (American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment
Federation). 2017. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 23rd edition.
American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
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ORANGE COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT
Laboratory, Monitoring, and Compliance Division
10844 Ellis Avenue
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714.962.2411
www.ocsewers.com
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