HomeMy WebLinkAboutDistrict 02 Minutes 1952-12-17MINUT~OF
REGULAR MEETING,ADJOURNED S~SION
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT NO.2
ORANGE COUNTY,CALIFORNIA
Deeember 17,1952 at ~OO p.m0
Room 239,1104.West Eighth Street
Santa Aria,California
The Boards of Directors met in adjourned session at the
hour of ~OO p.m.,December 17,1952 in Room 239 at 1104 West
Eighth Street,Santa Ana,California.
Chairman Finch called the joint meeting of the Districts’
Boards to order at ~:O0 p.m.
The roll was called and the Secretary reported a quorum of
the Board to be present.
Directors present:Robert H.Boney (Chairman)
Hugh W.Warden
Don B.Hariber
Frank J.Schweitzer,Jr.
William H.Hirstein
Willis H.Warner
Charles E.Stevens (Director
Stevens arrived at 9:1+5 p.m.)
Directors absent:None
Others present:LeeM.Nelson,C.Arthur Nisson,
Jr.,Walter Qhaf~fee,Harry Ashton,
John A.Carollo,K.J.Harrison,
J.A.Woolley Nat H.Neff,
E,00 Meador,áarl J,Thornton,
Walter Ramsey,Kenneth Perry,
Raymond M.Hertel,Mrs.~1izabeth
Barber,Mrs.Josephine Campbell
and Ora Mae Merritt,Secretary
Càrrespondence The Secretary reada letter from
Harrison &Woolley,and Headman,
Ferguson &Carollo,transmitting 10 copies of the final
plans and specifications for the Land Section of the
Ocean Outfall Sewer,as revised,pursuant to instructions
of the Boards on November 19~1952.The Secretary reported
that a copy of these plans and specifications had been
delivered to the Chairman of each of the Boards.
•The Boards of Directof’s took the fo11oi~dng action:
Moved by Director Courtney R.Chandler,seconded by
Director Robert Ii.Boney and du~y carried by the Boards.of
Directors of County Sanitation Districts Nos.]~2,3,5,
6,7andll:
That the revised final plans and specifications for the
Land Section of the Ocean Outfall Sewer and the letter of
transmittal dated December 12,1952 be received and ordered
filed.
2:0:1
The Secretary reported that a letter dated
December 16,1952 from Harrison &Woolley,and
Headman,Ferguson &Carollo,would be included in
the report of the Chief Engineer and General Manager.
Approval of Director Launer requested
Minutes that the minutes of the
meeting held on November
19,1952,lines 12,13 and 11k,paragraph entitled
uAuthorizing Preparation of a Modified Plan for
Ocean Outfall Sewer,Land Sectiori~which read:
~and during the thirty day period required
for redesign,the treatment plant and
trunk lines could then be given more study
without holding up construction of the
ocean outfall.’1 -
be corrected to read:
‘1and allow the use of this section for
Newport Beach,Huntington Beach and the
J,O,S,after the 1953 season and that
the treatment plant and other trunk
lines could then be giv~more study
without holding up construction of
the ocean outfall.”
i~hereupon,the Boards of Directors took the
following action~
Moved by Director Willis H.Warner,seconded
by Director (~.FL Miller and duly carried by the
Boards of Directors of County Sanitation Distr
lets Nose 1,2,3,5,6,7 and 11:
That the minutes of the joint meeting of the Boards
on November 19,1952 be corrected as requested by
Director Launer,and approved as.corrected.
Amendment of
—
Director Langenbeck requested
Motion re a clarification of the motion
1~esolutions and made by Director Warden,seconded
business matters by Director Haiber and carried
by the Boards at the meeting on
November 19,1952,relative to processing all resolutions
and other important business matters through the Chief
Engineer and General Manager and the attorney before
presentation to the Directors,stating this appeared
to be a restriction upon the Directors which might
preclude discussion of the Districts’business or
taking up of new matters at a meeting of the Boards.
After a general discussion,the Boards of Directors
took the following action:
Moved by Director Roy Seabridge,seconded by
Director Vernon E.Langenbeck and unanimously carried
by theBoards of Directors of County Sanitation Districts
Nos.1,2,3,5,6,7 and 11:
-.2.
That the motion passed on November 19,1952,-
reading:
~That all resolutions and all important business
matters of the joint Boards of Directors be presented
to the Chief Engineer and G~enera1 Manager and the
Districts’attorney before presentation to the Boards.i?
be and the same is hei~eby amended by striking out the
words “and all important business matters.”
____________________
The Boards of Directors took the
following action:
Moved by Director Willis H.1,qa~er,
seconded by Director Vernon E.Langenbeck and duly carried
by theBoard5 of Directors of County Sanitation Districts
Nos.1,2,3,5,6,7 and 11:
That the Joint Administrative Warrant Register
be approved for signature and payment of:
Warrant
Demand No~In Favor Of
_____
The Pacific Telephone &Telegraph Co.
Orange County Blueprint Shop
Stein’s Stationery Store
South Main Stationers
Hawley’s
Bales Office Equipment Co.
Santa Ana Register
City of Santa Ana
Ace Rents
Dennis Printers &Stationers
~ouis L,Lane,Jr.
Kenneth L.Perry
W,M,Pomerenke
F.R.Harwood,Postmaster
Ora Mae Merritt
______
Approval
Fund ~K”
of Revo1vin~
Warrant
Rej~ister
The Board of Directors took the
following action:
Moved by Director Willis H.
Warner,seconded by Director Vernon E.Langenbeck and
duly carried by the Bo~rds’of~Directors of County Sani
tation Districts Nos,1,2,3,5,6,7 and 11:
That the Revolving Fund “A”Warrant Register be
approved for signature and payment of:
Warrant
Demand_No.In Favor Of
____
A-17 Orange County Blueprint Shop ~4,3
Moved by Director Vernon E,
Langenbeck,seconded by Director Joseph Webber and
unanimously carried by the Boards of Directors of County
Sanitation Districts Nos.1,2,3,5,6,7 and 11:
The Boards of Directors took the
following action:
Approval of
Joint Administrative
Warrant Register
JA-.239
240
24.1
242
24.3
24.4
•24.5
246
247
24.~
•
249
250
251
252
253
Amount
~~,60
21.74
91.61 ~°
14.,53
5 I 33
26.39
1,60
212.00
5.4.0
23.9~
4.5~
11.70
3.50
30.00
10.05
Acce1)tir1c~ReDort and
Amount
aut horizing payment
to Holmes &Narvei~.I~
‘—3—
That the report of Holmes &Narver,Inc.,dated
November 19,1952,be accepted and that their bill
dated November 30,1952 for ~l,592.20 be accepted as
the basis of payment and this amourt be paid to them
through the Suspense Fund f~m the Construction Funds
of County Sanitation Districts Nos.1,2,3,6,7
and 11 in the following percentages~
District No,1 16.75%
2 32.23%
“3 24.44%
it ~6
9 7 l6.o~%
“11 2.32%
100.00%
Report of the Chief The Chairman called upon Mr.
~E~gineer and General Lee M.Nelson for a report and
Manag~rupon the plans recommendation upon the revised
and specifications plans and specifications for the
revised;for the Land land section of the ocean outfall
Section,Ocean Outfall sewer,as submitted by the design
Sewer engineers.
Mr.Nelson read his report to the Directors,stating
that he had found the plans and specifications to be clear
and concise and the design in accordance with good
engineering practice;that he recommended the Boards’
acceptance of the plans and the publication of notice
calling for bids to be received not later than January 14,
1953.
Report of the Design Messr~.Harrison,Woolley and
Engineers Carollo,representin~the firms of
Harrison &Woolley,and Headman,
Ferguson &Carollo,explained the new design of the land
section of the ocean outfall sewer which included 7~”
reinforced concrete pipe from the marine section inland
for approximately 700 feet and 60”reinforced concrete
pipe for the remaining 1355 feet at an estimated constr
uction cost of ~223,935;and an alternate proposal
using 7~”reinforced concrete pipe instead of 60”
on the 1355 foot section,at a total estimated constr
uction cost (using the 7~”alternate)of ~231,1~5.
Mr.Harrison reported that their revised design pro
vides a considerable saving by raising the level and
placing 1300 feet of pipe on trestle;but since the
entire line will be subject to infilteration from tidal
waters at low flow or will be subject to internal
pressures at higher flow,relative water tight joints
are required and two alternate types of pipe joints are
included in the proposal,being (1)the bell and spigot
tubular rubber,gasket grQut-filled joint and (2)th~hell
and spigot solid rubber gasket joint.
Mr.Carollo led a discussion upon conditions eor~
tributing to sulfides generated by sewage,the cost and
effectiveness of various methods of pipe protection,
and the amount of protection given the pipe against
sulfuric acid where chlorination is used Lorodor control.
-4-
Adoption of Final The Board of Directors adopted
Plans and Specifi Resolution No.239,adopting
~
cations for the plans and specifications for the
Land Section,Ocean
-
Land Section,Ocean Outfall Sewer,
Outfall arid authoriz and instructing the Secretary of
in~notice calTThg the Board of Directors to publish
for bids notice ceiling for construction
of this sewer.Certified cofly of
this resolution is attached hereto and made a part of these
minutes1
Report of the
—
Director Warner,Chairmen of the
Fj.nance Comm~tte~Finance Committee reported that
considerable time and effort had
been spent in reviewing the many problems confronting the
Districts by the deficit of some ~4OO,OOO in the bond
funds for~completion of the project under the original
plan;realizing the desire of all Directors that maximum
facilities be built with the money available and within
the shortest period 3f time,the Committee believes the
plan presented and approved in principal the best method
of procedure;a’so,that in analyzing the accounts,they
found items charged against the bond funds for expendi
tures other than construction costs,and as there will
be future charges of this nature,recommend that a con
tingency be set up for such payments.Chairman Warner
presented for consideration a time schedule for corn-.
pletion of each unit of tI~e work and stated that the
Finance Committee unanimously recommend that the Boards
instruct the design engineers to prepare preliminary
plans covering the trunks and treatment plant facilities
based upon the plan devised by the Committee with an
equitable distribution of the costs and capacities in
the modification and that they prepare a chart with the
plans showing the respective intorests in the final
participation so that it can clearly be understood what
the program involves.
There followed a discussion upon clarification of
future costs of construCtion of the ~llis Avenue line
and maintenance costs uncic~r the proposed modified plan;
Director McBride as1~ed Director Warner,for the record,
if the responsibility of Districts Nos,1,7 and 11 would
cease for the cost of operation and maintenance and any
future additional construction costs of the reversed Ellis
Avenue line after that line had once been completed with
bond funds.Director Warner stated that it was his under
standing that the responsibility of Districts Nos.1,7 and
11 would cease at the time the line was completed,
Director Flaiber stated that under the proposed modified
plan,some of the Districts would own capacity rights in
a line which they would not use and asked that if a
line should fail and have to be reconstructed wo’~ld
the Districts owning the capacity rig~1ts but not using
them have to pay for rehuildingthe line.Mr.Nisson,
legal counsel for the Districts,stated that in the
absence of an agreement these Districts would not be
responsible.
—5—
Ordering the pre Director Warden requested
p
paratfon of a consideration be givento 1
pricing re~-ort modifying the bond plan by
reduction of size of the lines
and capacity in the treatment plant,stating that
-plans and spcifications for the treatment plant being
60%complete,if facilities could be built with funds
available by such modification,considerable time and
expense might be .saveth The design engineers were
requested to submit a proposal of estimated costs
based upon Director Warden’s suc’~gestion.A verbal
proposal to be confini~ed in writings was made by the
desi~engineers that for a fee of ~)5,O0OQOO,Harrison
&Woolley,and Headman,Fer~ison &Carollo,would
prepare a pricing report covering estimates of the
costs of:
1,Treatment Plant ~2 at site near present
Booster Station based upon the preliminary
plans previously submitted and as ordered
modified by the Boards of Directors upon
the recommendation of the Chief Engineer
and General Manager and for which final
plans are now 60%complete.
2,Treatment Plant #2 at same site as above,
but reduced in ~pacity from the ~mgd,
as estimated in (1)above,to a capacity
of 24.29 mgd,except that the pump pit will
be predicated upon ~mgd as agreed to
be necessary by Mr.McBride~
3.Treatment Plant #2 at same site as above,but
reduced in capacity from 2~.g mgd to such
lesser capacity as can be built for
approximately ~900,00O,which is the available
money left for treatment plant purposes.
and;
Estimate the sizes of pipe that can be built for
the money now available f or each of the following lines:
Ellis Avenue
Bushard Street
Treatment }lant Trunk
J.O,S,Connecting Trunk
The Boards of Directors took the following action:
Moved by Director Vernon ~.Langenbeck,seconded by
Director C,R.Miller and duly carried by the Boards of
Directors of County Sanitation Districts Nos.l~2,3,5,
6,7 and 11:
That the verbal proposal made by Harrison &Woolley,
and Heasman,Ferguson &Carollo be accepted and that they
be instructed to prepare and submit a pricing report on
or before January 14,1952 on estimated construction
costs as outlined in their yerbal proposal;and that
the fee of ~5,0OO for the preparation of the pricing
report be paid to Harrison~&Woolley~and Headman,Ferguson
&Carob within ten days after submission of this report
through the Suspense Fund f~m the~Construction Funds of
County Sanitation Districts Nos,1,2,3,5,6,7 and 11
in the following percentages;
District No.1 29,12%
“2 21~6~%
3 17.20%
U 5 ~77%
~?6 io.oi~.%~.
7 ~.12%
11 5.07%
100..00%
__________________
The Boards of Directors toolc the
____________________
following action:
Moved by Director Vernon E.
Langenbeck,seconded by Director Vincent L~Humeston and
duly carried by roil call vote of th~’Boards of Directors
of County Sanitation Districts Nos.1,2,3,5,6,7 and 11:
That further engineering design of fthal plans•
and specifications on the Treatment Plant be ordered
stopped and payment for work done to date in the emount
of 60%of the fee of Harrison &‘Joolley,and Headman,
Ferguson &Carollo (per Paragraph XI,sub-paragraph 3
of their contract dated February 1,1952)be paid in
accordance with the terms of their bill for ~l3,F~2/+.00,
dated December 16,1952,and that this bill be
accepted as the basis of paym’~nt for services rendered
the Districts in the percentages set forth therein;
said payment to be made from the Construction Funds of
County Sanitation Districts Nos.1,2,3,5,6~7 and
11 through the Suspense Fund,
___________________
Mr.Nelson read his report to
____________________
the Directors.Following the
___________________
reading of this report,the
Boards of Directors took the
Moved by Director Hugh W.Warden,seconded by
Director Vincent L.Humeston and duly carried:
That the report of the Chief Engineer and General
Manager be received and ordered filed.
Approval to be secured
from Healy Tibbitts
Construction Company ret,
change of sut’ervisiori of Moved by Director Frank J.
inspection
______________
Schweitzer,Jr.,seconded by
Director Robert H.Boney and
duly carried by the Boards’of’Directors of County
Sanitation Districts Nos.1,2,3,5,6,7 and 11:
That the Chief Engineer and General Manager be
authorized and instructed to take such action as
necessary to secure the apt’roval of Healy Tibbitts
Construction Company for the change of engineering
superTision’and inspection on the marine section of
the ocean outfall sewer from the Districtst Chief
engineer and General,Manager to Harrison &Woolley,
and Headman,Ferguson &Carollo,
~~prova1of hills,and
authorizing,payment
to Hprrison’&Wool~
and Headman,Ferguson
&Carollo
U
‘212
Stop Work Order
on Final Plans for
the Treatment Plant
Report of the
thief Engineer
and General Mana~r
following action:
The Boards of Directors took
the following actiont
Chandler and duly carried:
The Boards of Directors of County’
Sanitation Districts Nos,1,2,5,6
and 7 took the following action:
Moved by Director Willis H.Warner,
seconded by Director Courtney R,
-7-.
~2~8
That final plans.and sçe~ifications for the Newport
Beach Trunk i?Bt?,Unit I,and cJ.O.S~Connection
Trunk submitted on October22~1952 by thedesign
engineers,Harrison &Woolley,and Headman,
Ferguson &Carollo,beand they are hereby approved;
and that payment of 4~l,347.O6,second installment
of their fee for services rendered in the prepar
ation of these final plans and specifications.,
be made to the design engineers and that their
estimated cor~struction costs and bill for this
amount dated December 16,1952 be accepted as the
basis of payment in accordance with ~ar~.graph
XI,sub-paragraph 3 of their contract dated
February 1,1952;said payment to be made
from the construction funds of County Sanitation
Districts Nos.1,2,5,6 and.7 in the percentages
set forth in the bill froM Harrison &Woolley,and
Headman,Ferguson &Carollo.
The Boards of Directors of
County Sanitation Districts Nos.
1,2,6 and 7 took the following
action:
Moved by Director Willis H.Warner,seconded by
Director Robert H.Boney and duly caned by the Boards
of Directors of County Sanitation Districts Nos.
1,2,6 and 7:
That final plans and specifications for the Ellts
Avenue Trunk Sewer,submitted on September 24,,1952~,
by the design engineers,Harrison &Woolley,and
Headman,Ferguson &Carollo,be and they are hereby
approved;and that paymenit of ~3,594.36,second
installment of their fee for services rendered in
the preparation of these final plans and specifications
he made to the design engineers and that their
estimated construction costs arid bill for this amount
dated Decaiiber 16,1952 be accepted as the basis of
payment in àccorda~ice with Paragraph~XI,sub-paragraph
3 of their contract dated February 1,1952;said
payment to be made from the Construction Funds of
County Sanitati.on Districts Nos.1,2,6 and 7 in
the p~rcent~es set forth in the bill from Harrisor~
&Woolley,and Headman,Ferguson &Csrollo,
The Boards of Directors of
County Sanitation Districts Nos.
1,2,3,6,7 and 11 took the following action:
Moved by Director Willis H.Warner,seconded by
Director Roy Seabridge and duly carriedby the Boards’
of Directors of County 9anitation Districts Nos.,1,2,
3,6,7 and 11:
That the final plans and specifications for the
Bushard Street and Treatment Plant Trunk Sewers,s~ib
mitted on October 22,1952 by the design engineers;
Harrison &Woolley and Headman,Ferguson &Carollo,
he and they are hereby approved;and that payment of
~2O,5~5.4O,second installment of their fee for services
rendered in the preparation of these final plans and
specifications,be made to the design engineers
and that their estimated construction costs and bill
for this amount dated December 16,1952,be accepted
as the basis of payment in accordance with Paragraph XI,
sub-paragraph 3 of their contract dated February 1,1952;
said payment to be made from the Construction
Funds of County Sanitation Districts Nos.1,2,
3,6,7 and 11 in the percentages set forth in
the bill from Harrison &Woolley,and Headman,
Ferguson &Carollo,
Moved by Director Courtney R.Chandler,seconded by
Director Robert H.Boney and duly ~carried by the Boards of
Directors of County Sanitation Districts Nos.1,2,3,5,
6,7 and II:
That the Suspense Fund Warrant Registers be approved
for signature and payment of:
Warrant
Demand No,In Favor Of
Warrant
Demand No,In Favor Of
~4 ~2l.3O
Operating Fund
~Varrani.t Regi St er
The Board of Directors took the
following action:
Moved by Director Frank J.Schweitzer,Jr.,seconded
by Director William H.Hirstein and duly carried:
That District No.2 Operating Fund Warrant Register
be approved for signature and payment of:
Warrant
Demand No In Favor Of
Robert H.Boney
Don B.Haiber
Charles E.Stevens
William H.Hirstein~
Frank J.Schweitzer,Jr.
Hugh W.Warden
Willis H.Warner
296,o~
Ad4ourn~nt The Boards of Directors of Courity
Sanitation Districts Nos.1,2,.3,
5~6 and 7 took the following action:
Suspense Fund
_
Warrant Register
The Boards of Directors took the
following action:
S—29
S-30
S -31
S -32
The City of Orange
Raymond lvi.Hertel
Roland E.Lockwood
Holmes &Narver,Inc.
S —33
3—34
S —35
Amount
~,150.00
31.20
-52.70
1.592.20
~]
Amount
~
25,526.g2
~00
Harri..son &Woolley,and Headman,
Ferguson &Carol1o~
Harrison &Woolley,and Headman,
Ferguson &Carollo’
Harrison &Woolley,and Headman,
Ferguson &Carollo
2..2~
2—29
2-30
2—31
2.32
2—33
2~3 4
Amount
~.40
57.50
55.E~5
4.3.75
49.00
23.75
-9—
Moved by Director Robert H.Boney,seconded by
Director William H.Hirstein and duly carried by the
Boards of Directors of County Sanitation Districts Nos.
1,2,3,5,6 and 7 that the meeting of these Boards
be adjourned.
~Vhereupon,the Chairm-an declared the meeting of
these Boards soadjourned at 10:50 p.m.
~aiziaan,Board’ofVDirecto~s ~7
County Sanitation District No./2
Orange County,California V
ATTEST:
~~“2
Secretary,Board of Ditectors
County Sanitation District No.2
Orange County,California
-10-
--
RESOLUTION NO.239-2
RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF COUNTY
SANITATION DISTRICT NO.2 0?ORANGE ZOUNTY
CALIFOi~NIA,APPROVING AND ADOPTING ~LANS AN~
SPECI’ICATIONS FOR THE OCEAN OUTFALL SEWER
(LAND SECTION)AND AUTHORIZING MODIFICATION OF
THE ORIGINAL ENGIN~R’S REPORT CONTAINED THERE
IN,AND ORD.~RING SAID PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
FILED IN THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY AND DIR
ECTING THE SECRETARY TO ADVERTISE FOR BIDS FOR
THE CONSTRUCTION THEREOF.
The Board of Dir ector~of County San ~tation District No.2
does resolve as follows:
WHEREAS,the Design Engineers Harrison &Woolley,and Headinan~
Ferguson &Carollo have presented final detailed plans and speci
fications dated December 1952 for.the construction of the Ocean
Outfall Sewer (Land Section);and
WH~EAS,said plans and specifications have been approved
and recommended by the General Manager;and
WHEREAS,said .plans and specifications contain certain
changes in aligrinient,,size of pipe and grade of’said pipe for
that portion of the work included in the Fngincer’s Report,dated
De~ember 22,l94~and
WHEREAS,such changes and modifications are necessary and the
public interest requires said modifications and changes since
the original report was filed;
NOW,TH~ORE,BE IT RESOLVED:
1.That the Board of Directors of County Sanitation District
No.2 of Orange County,California hereby finds and~declares
that the public interest requires the changes of’the general
plans for the work of the District by changing the alignment,size
pf pipe and grade of said pipe for the Ocean Outfall Sewer (Land
Section)from Engineer’s Station 0 —03 to Engineer’s Station
20 ~55 all within ~the County of Orange as shown on detailed plans
for such submitted and recommended this day.Any previous modi—
fic~tions not consistent herewith are hereby .rescondod.
2.That said detailed plans prepared by Harrison &Woolley,
and Headman,Ferguson &Carollo dated December 1952 for the
construction of the Ocean Outfall Sewer (Land Section)be and
-1-
the same are hereby adopted and ordered filed in the office of
the Secretary of the Districts.
3.That the Secretary of the Board of Directors of County
Sanitation District No.1 is hereby authorized and instructed
~to advertise for bids to be received until ~:OO p.m.,January
14,1953,for the construction of the Ocean Outfall Sewer (Land
Section)as above described and shown on said plans and specifi
c~.tions heretofore approved and filed with the Secretary of the
Board of Directors on Dec~b3r 12,1952.
The foregoing resolution was passed and adopted at a regular
adjourned meeting of the Board of Directors of County Sanitation
District No.2 of Orange County,California,held on the 17th day
of December,1952,
—p
L~~
~ec~etary,Board of Directors
County Sanitation District No.2
Orange County,Ca1ifo~ia
STATE OF C~LIFOflNIA)
35
COUNTY OF oR:~GE )
I,ORi~i.IAE IER.RITT,Secretary of the Board of Directors of
r
County Sanit~tion District No.2 of Or~nge County,California,
do hereby certify th~t the above and foregoing resolution was
passed and adopted by said Board at a regular adjourned meeting
thereof held on the 17th day of December,1952,by the following
roll call vote:
AYES:Directors Robert H.Boney,Hu~i ‘J.~iarden,Don B.1-laiber,
Charles .Stevens,Frank J.Schweitzer,Jr.,William
Hi~’stein and ~1i11is H.‘~1arner
yOES:None
4~SENT;None
IN WITNESS ~1HEREOF I have hereunto set my hand and affixed
the seal of County Sanitation District No.2 of Orange County,
California this 17th day of December,1952.
~L ~~
Secretary,Board of Directors
County Sanitation District No.2
Orange County,Cali fo rid a
-2—