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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2009 Board Orientation Book.0209 Orange County Sanitation District Board of Directors Orientation Handbook February 2009 4�JNSV SANI>•AT OH e 9 o ti 90 �W? Fcr'NG THE ENV`POA TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW Welcometo OCSD.......................................................................................................... 1 ServiceArea Map............................................................................................................3 Board of Directors-Contact List.....................................................................................4 Key Staff-Contact List 5 OrganizationalChart........................................................................................................6 STRATEGIC PLANNING 5 Year Strategic Plan.............................................................................................. (1-35) WASTEWATER PROCESS Illustration of Treatment Process.....................................................................................7 Wastewater Process Overview........................................................................................8 Mapsof Plants 1 & 2 .....................................................................................................21 DEPARTMENTS AND KEY ISSUES Department Overview—General Manager's Office.......................................................23 Department Overview—Engineering ............................................................................24 Key Issue—Capital Improvement Program. 25 Key Issue—Santa Ana River Interceptor......................................................................27 Department Overview—Operations&Maintenance 29 Key Issue—Chemical Supplies.....................................................................................31 Department Overview—Technical Services.................................................................33 Key Issue—Greenhouse Gas and Climate Change.....................................................35 Key Issue—Central Power Generation Engines...........................................................37 Department Overview—Administrative Services. 39 Key Issue—Financial Issues Impacting OCSD and its Ratepayers..............................40 GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS Government Affairs Overview........................................................................................42 Legislative Platform&Goals.........................................................................................43 PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE Public Information Office Overview...............................................................................53 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS............................................................................................i GLOSSARY v Welcome to the Orange County Sanitation District M The Orange County Sanitation District can trace its roots back to July 1954 by assuming the functions of the Orange County regional sewerage system from a Joint Outfall Sewer organization that included eight cities in Orange County.Throughout the years, additional cities and special districts were added.To streamline governance structure, the agency consolidated in July 1998 and changed its name to the Orange County Sanitation District(OCSD) following the passage of special legislation. Today, OCSD is governed by a 25-member Board of Directors representing 21 cities, three special districts and a representative from the Orange County Board of Supervisors.A staff of more than 640 employees serve approximately 2.5 million customers throughout Orange County. The Board of Directors set policies for OCSD and is augmented by a Steering Committee and two standing committees: the Operations Committee and the Administration Committee. Periodically, special Ad Hoc Committees may be appointed on an as-needed basis to address specific issues. Our agency is regulated by our National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) ocean discharge permit, which sets limits on what can safely be released through a 120-inch ocean outfall off the coast of Huntington Beach. It also describes other terms and conditions that must be consistently achieved with our treatment process and management plans. The NPDES permit was renewed in 2004 by the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) and Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) and expires in 2009.These agencies issued the NPDES permit in full accordance with all applicable provisions of the Federal Clean Water Act and the California Water Quality Control Plan for Ocean Waters. It is through this permit that OCSD plans and manages the collection, treatment, and release of more than 220 million gallons of wastewater a day. As incoming Board members, it is important to note that for many years, OCSD operated under a modified permit issued pursuant to Section 301(h) of the Federal Clean Water Act amendments of 1977. It allowed qualified wastewater treatment plants employing rigorous pretreatment and extensive ocean monitoring programs to release less than full secondary treated wastewater into deep ocean waters. Responding to public input received during the Page 1 development of our permit renewal application,the Board of Directors made the voluntary decision in July 2002 to have our ocean discharge meet the full secondary treatment standards. We are currently undergoing extensive rehabilitation and expansion of our facilities to comply with those standards.The projects will be completed in 2012-creating a period of time when we will technically be out of compliance with the Clean Water Act requirements. Without a consent decree,we could face significant daily penalties until the project's completion.The voluntary consent decree that we entered into shelters us from these penalties during construction while simultaneously ensuring the continued protection of our local waters. The consent decree sets interim effluent limits, deadlines for completion of new secondary treatment facilities at both treatment plants, and regular reporting of progress. Page 2 OCSD Service Area and Treatment Plant Locations HASR: BREA =ore r p. `NN` wuEMON PUCEWIA E _ H„'AA - Em+ tt'Pr¢ss vn!;4 !nS - 'ZWO ; ORANGE r ceC✓E A� CH SfMTNttER SANTA [:1 A ® AMA . MAIN ' rd Nd1 c NITWWTON BEACH COSTA « MESA TR✓irTF Pla f — BE�N cse —OCSD Service Area Boundary (471 square miles) • OCSD Pump Station(16 total) l Unincorporated Orange County(while) L Page 3 Board of Directors — February 2009 MM M Chair: Doug Davert Vice Chair: Larry Crandall Agency/Cities Active Director Alternate Director City Hall Anaheim Harry Sidhu Lucille Kring (714) 765-5247 Brea Roy Moore Ron Garcia (714)990-7600 Buena Park Patsy Marshall Fred Smith (714) 562-3500 Cypress Phil Luebben Prakash Narain (714) 229-6699 Fountain Valley Larry Crandall Steve Nagel (714) 593-4403 Fullerton Sharon Quirk Pam Keller (714) 738-6300 Garden Grove Bill Dalton Steve Jones (714) 741-5000 Huntington Beach Keith Bohr Don Hansen (714) 536-5594 Irvine Christina Shea Steven Choi (949) 724-6000 La Habra Tom Beamish Rose Espinoza (562)905-9700 La Palma Mark Waldman Henry Chareon (714) 690-3300 Los Alamitos Troy Edgar Ken Stephens (310)431-3538 Newport Beach Don Webb Leslie Daigle (949) 644-3309 Orange Jon Dumitru Denis Bilodeau (714) 744-2201 Placentia Constance Underhill Joseph Aguirre (714)993-8117 Santa Ana Sal Tinajero David Benavides (714) 647-6900 Seal Beach Charles Antos Gordon Shanks (562)431-2527 Stanton David Shawver Carol Warren (714) 379-9222 Tustin Doug Davert John Nielson (714) 573-3010 Villa Park Brad Reese Bill Mac Aloney (714) 998-1500 Yorba Linda John Anderson Jim Winder (714)961-7100 Sanitary Water Districts Costa Mesa Sanitary District Jim Ferryman Bob Ooten (714)850-1220 Midway City Sanitary District Joy Neugebauer Al Krippner (714)893-3553 Irvine Ranch Water District John Withers Douglas Reinhart (949)453-5300 County Areas Member of the Board Chris Norby Janet Nguyen (714)834-3440 Page 4 Key Staff Contact Information EML Name Responsibility Phone/Cell Jim Ruth General Manager (714) 593-7110 Bob Ghirelli Assistant General Manager (714) 593-7400/ (714)272-2044 Gail Garrett Secretary to the General Manager& (714) 593-7101 Assistant General Manager Brad Hogin General Counsel (714)415-1006 Penny Kyle Clerk of the Board (714) 593-7130 Lilia Kovac Associate Clerk of the Board II (714) 593-7124 Jim Herberg Director of Engineering (714) 593-7300/ (714) 713-7765 Nick Arhontes Director of Operations& Maintenance (714) 593-7210/ (714) 749-8953 Ed Torres Director of Technical Services (714) 593-7080/ (714) 713-6150 Lorenzo Tyner Director of Finance &Administrative Services (714) 593-7550/ (714)423-8206 Bret Colson Public Information Manager (714) 593-7120/ (714)606-8882 Jeff Reed Human Resources & Employee Relations (714) 593-7144/ Manager (714)642-6476 Michael Gold Government Affairs (714) 593-7529/ (714)263-5541 Emergency Control Center—Staffed 24 hours (714) 593-7025 Receptionist Administration Offices (714)962-2411 Page 5 , }} [Li - / \ \ _ ) \ _ - \ _ f! ) - ` } / _ a ` \WEE- S ` CD a E is ` k ) m ! \ � § k$ { ) 2 0 ! , 3 November 11 : Orange County Sanitation District Five - Year Strategic Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS OCSD BOARD OF DIRECTORS STRATEGIC PLAN PROJECT TEAM MESSAGE FROM THE GENERAL MANAGER EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv A UNIFIED STRATEGIC PLAN 5 OVERVIEW 6 MISSION STATEMENT 7 VISION STATEMENT 8 CORE VALUES 9 STRATEGIC GOALS & LEVELS OF SERVICE 10 Environmental Stewardship 12 Business Principles 14 Wastewater Management 16 Workplace Environment 18 APPENDIX A: ISSUE PAPERS 20 APPENDIX B: PREVIOUS ISSUES PAPERS 26 APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY 32 OCSD BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chair Doug Davert Vice Chair Larry Crandall City Active Director Anaheim Harry Sidhu Brea Roy Moore Buena Park Patsy Marshall Cypress Phil Luebben Fountain Valley Larry Crandall Fullerton Don Bankhead Garden Grove Bill Dalton Huntington Beach Don Hansen Irvine Christina Shea La Habra Rose Espinoza La Palma Mark Waldman Los Alamitos Ken Parker Newport Beach Don Webb Orange Jon Dumitru Placentia Constance Underhill Santa Ana Sal Tinajero Seal Beach Charles Antos Stanton David Shawver Tustin Doug Davert Villa Park Brad Reese Yorba Linda Jim Winder Sanitary/Water Districts Costa Mesa Sanitary District lames M. Ferryman Midway City Sanitary District Joy L. Neugebauer Irvine Ranch Water District Darryl Miller Orange County Board of Supervisors Chris Norby STRATEGIC PLAN PROJECT TEAM James D. Ruth General Manager Robert P.Ghirelli Assistant General Manager Nick Arhontes Director of Operations and Maintenance James Herberg Director of Engineering Edward Torres Director of Technical Services Lorenzo Tyner Director of Administrative Services Barbara Collins Principal Analyst Michael Gold Government Affairs Manager Brent Ives BHI Consulting MESSAGE FROM THE GENERAL MANAGER Throughout our distinguished history,the Orange County Sanitation District has protected public health and the environment by providing the highest levels of service, maintaining excellent relationships with our member cities and agencies, and ratepayers and regulators,while spending public dollars wisely.We are proud to be an internationally recognized leader in our industry. The OCSD's success is due to the strength of people serving this fine organization:our Board of Directors provides strategic leadership and our staff make every day possible. Following our successful Strategic Plan adopted by the Board of Directors in November 2007, 1 am proud to present this plan that continues charting our course for the next five years.The mission,vision,and core values adopted as part of the last plan form the building blocks for a continuation of our efforts. In the past year alone,we completed nearly 30 percent of the goals,yet we are not content to maintain the status quo.As I step back and look over our accomplishments of the past year: passing a sound financial plan for five years, an aggressive capital improvement program injecting$1 million per day into Orange County's economy,and the successful dedication of the Groundwater Replenishment System, I am confident that our Board and staff will continue to strive for excellence and maintain an eye towards future challenges. Moving forward,this strategic plan adds five new goals that are as diverse as the population we serve and I am pleased that initial implementation of these goals will add no new costs to the budget. I look forward to a thoughtful discussion with staff and the Board of Directors on these important issues. With significant challenges ahead, I am confident that this strategic plan charts a course for success over the next year and beyond. I am grateful to the Board of Directors for their leadership and support and also to our staff for their dedication. (Respectfully submitted, James D. Ruth General Manager iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In November 2007,the Board of Directors adopted a new comprehensive strategic plan to drive OCSD's efforts and engage the organization to envision service and operations for the next five years. This year,the Strategic Plan is being updated to continue looking at a five-year horizon. Following a similar process to last year's plan,the General Managers Office initiated the planning effort with the Executive Management Team,then solicited input and ideas from managers and supervisors. In October 2008,the staff-generated ideas were presented to the Board of Directors during a workshop,where Board Members discussed and deliberated changes and additions to the plan. Driven by our mission,vision and core values,this Strategic Plan, updated for 2009,continues our aggressive efforts to meet the sanitation, health,and safety needs of the more than 2.5 million people we serve while protecting the environment where we live. In the past year, nearly 30 percent of the goals were completed. For 2009,this Strategic Plan presents five new goals and maintains the high standards set in the past plan. These new goals were discussed at the October 15 Board of Directors workshop and include the following: • Reaffirming OCSD's commitment to expand the Groundwater Replenishment System,including completion of the Steve Anderson Lift Station and studying the potential to include flows from the Santa Ana River Interceptor. • Analyzing whether adding chlorine to disinfect effluent into the ocean is cost-effective in comparison to other alternatives that maintain protection of public health and safety. • Evaluating and promoting OCSD's environmental initiatives and seeking additional opportunities to utilize emerging technologies. • Continuing to assess and identify risks to OCSD, including political and financial risks, and developing mitigation strategies. • Developing a comprehensive human resources strategic plan to connect employees with the overall mission,values,and vision of the organization and preparing employees forfuture leadership opportunities. This Strategic Plan continues to chart a focused roadmap of success for the future of the Orange County Sanitation District. It addresses critical operations and construction issues,financial and budgeting challenges, and gives clear and concise direction to staff, ratepayers, regulatory agencies,the public, and our Board of Directors. A UNIFIED STRATEGIC PLAN In creating this document,a considerable amount ofthought was given to how a variety of existing planning resources would be used to create a unified Strategic Plan.The graphic below shows the relationship of these resources and how they relate to the overall structure and execution of the plan. Board of Directors Mission Vision Core Values Five-Year Strategic Plan Goals Levels of Service Assessment of Risks Annual Business Plans Business Accountability Charters Staffing Plan Financial Plan Facilities Master Plan Asset Management Plan s OVERVIEW Since 1954,the Orange County Sanitation District has provided wastewater treatment to the residents and businesses of northern and central Orange County and is the third largest wastewater treatment agency west of the Mississippi River. During fiscal year 2007-08,OCSD collected,treated and disposed of 221 million gallons of wastewater every day.OCSD also recycled 100 percent of its biosolids and reclaimed 17 percent of its treated wastewater,with a future goal of 40 percent. In July 2002,the Board approved disinfecting the effluent and proceeding with the planning,design,and construction of facilities that will ultimately allow OCSD effluent to meet Federal Clean Water Act secondary treatment standards. The current disinfection program includes nearly$5 million annually for chemicals,while the estimated capital construction cost to meet secondary treatment standards is $649 million. OCSD is currently in the midst of a$2.6 billion, 20-year capital improvement program with an annual capital budget of nearly$300 million. Reclamation Plant No. I in Fountain Valley In addition to the OCSD's partnership in the Groundwater Replenishment System and secondary treatment expansion, our capital improvement program includes critical rehabilitation of aging collection systems and treatment plant facilities,and upgrades to provide enhanced odor control and reduced air emissions. _ Fes. Against this backdrop of challenging issues,and to meet the large and complex needs of providing services to over 2.5 ^ million people in the most effective and efficient way . possible,the strategic planning process began in 2007 to Treatment Plant No.2 in Huntington Beam continually map a five-year strategy. Beginning with gathering input from the staff,with the leadership of the Board of Directors,OCSD developed its mission,vision,and values to allow all levels of the organization to take ownership in the strateeic planning process. The original plan, along with OCSD's mission,vision and values was adopted in November 2007. For this update,the Executive Management Team once again developed ideas seeking input from managers and supervisors and presented five new goals for discussion by the Board of Directors. In the past year, several goals were completed by staff in the areas of climate change, engine emissions, information technology, biosolids, and leadership development. 6 OCSD MISSION STATEMENT The Mission Statement is the basic foundation that defines why we exist. "We protect public health and the environment by providing effective wastewater collection, treatment, and recycling." if 7 OCSD VISION STATEMENT The Vision Statement supports the Mission Statement by expressing abroad philosophy of what the Orange County Sanitation District strives to achieve now and in the future in the delivery of services to our customers,vendors,other agencies,the general public,and each other. The Orange County Sanitation District is committed to: Making decisions in an open and honest way r to produce optimum financial,environmental and societal results. 1 Cooperating with other stakeholders to protect the ocean and regional water resources for the i people we serve. Beneficially recycling wastewater, biosolids and other resources using safe and effective processes and systems. Developing the best possible workforce by providing employees with opportunities to advance their careers through enhanced growth, responsibility,and professional development. 8 CORE VALUES The Core Values support the Mission and Vision Statements by expressing the values, beliefs,and philosophy that guides our daily actions.They help form the framework of our organization and reinforce our professional work ethic. Honesty, Trust and Respect We aspire to the highest degree of integrity, honesty,trust, and respect in our interaction with each other,our suppliers, our customers,and our community. Teamwork and Problem Solving We strive to reach OCSD goals through cooperative efforts and collaboration with each other and our constituencies.We work to solve problems in a creative,cost-effective and safe manner,and we acknowledge team and individual efforts. Leadership and Commitment We lead by example, acknowledging the value of our resources and using them wisely and safely to achieve our objectives and goals. We are committed to act in the best interest of our employees, our organization, and our community. Learning and Teaching — Talents, Skills and Abilities We continuously develop ourselves,enhancing our talents,skills,and abilities, knowing that only through personal growth and development will we continue to progress as an agency and as individuals. Recognition/Rewards We seek to recognize, acknowledge, and reward contributions to OCSD by our many talented employees. 9 STRATEGIC GOALS & LEVELS OF SERVICE On the following pages are the strategic goals and levels of service for the next five years. New goals for this report are noted and all goals include projected completion time.The levels of service standards are measures of service that are seen by our customers as high priorities.Goals and levels of service are divided into four areas: • Environmental Stewardship • Business Principles • Wastewater Management • Workplace Environment t 10 Goals Completed in the Past Year During the past year,the following goals were completed: Environmental Stewardship Management System for Environmental Compliance • Implement a management control system for environmental compliance information that incorporates a dashboard-style report. Engine Emission Compliance • Complete study to evaluate alternatives for complying with lower emission limits in the South Coast Air Quality Management's Rule 1110.2. Initiate planning and design of demonstration testing of the most promising technology(s) identified in the study. Climate Change/Greenhouse Gasses • Complete development of statewide emission inventory protocol for publicly-owned treatment works and submit mandatory emission inventory to the California Air Resources Board for Fiscal Year 2007-08. Business Principles Enterprise Information Technology Strategic Plan • Complete a District-wide information technology strategic plan. Wastewater Management Sustainable Biosolids Program • Evaluate the feasibility of deep injection/methane recovery including commissioning study of the geological formations below Plants 1 and 2, and availability and acceptability of any existing wells. • Evaluate option of processing some biosolids at the City of Los Angeles Terminal Island demonstration well. • Complete new in-county Compost Take-Back Program Plan strategy. Workplace Environment Succession Plan • Implement the succession management plan including management training and the creation of a Leadership Academy. ECAP Dashboard war.w�� aw.a m Environmental a..aw. Compliance Awareness Program ie rwav mn..r.woaoawrn« .e..a.we.•a.iw.w.waken as IPoIS[rtrt .n a umpuu. IOCJtl,YrYye �Y o�r.w ra.e•+�a•wgea.ao rat eae..-xev rtlo aar sra«. r rry. rar �+.anw wp+w e a e II Environmental Stewardship Goals OCSD participates collaboratively in the protection of regional water resources for the benefit of the people we serve. Goals and Targeted Completion Date Santa Ana River Interceptor Line Relocation • Work in conjunction with the County of Orange and the Federal Government to relocate the Santa Ana River Interceptor Line by March 2012. Targeted for completion in FY 11-12 Management System for Environmental Compliance • Implement management control system for the scope of environmental requirements Targeted for completion in FY 9-10 Contaminants of Potential Concern(CPC) • Complete three phase testing and analysis of 550+CPC, prepare report on findings and recommendations,develop initial source control strategy if there are CPCs identified that require control. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 Engine Emission Compliance • Complete demonstration testing and negotiate engine emission limits and schedule with SCAQM D. Targeted for completion in FY 10-11 • Implement capital improvements or operations modifications in order to achieve compliance. Targeted for completion in FY 13-14 Reclaiming SARI Line Flows • Meet with stakeholders, develop a list of obstacles that need to be overcome to reclaim the SARI Line and develop a strategy to obtain regulatory approval of reclaiming SARI Line flows. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 Environmental Footprint Initiative(new) • Determine environmental footprint for both treatment plants Targeted for completion 09-10 • Develop outreach materials describing initiatives already undertaken by OCSD that have reduced our environmental footprint Targeted for completion in 09-10 • Conduct research on emerging technologies and evaluate additional initiatives that should be considered by the Board Ongoing goal to be completed annually • Maximize the use of digester gas Targeted for completion in 10-11 12 Environmental Stewardship Levels of Service OCSD will protect public health and the environment FY 07-03 FY 08-09 Results Target Provide capacity to collect and treat dry weather urban runoff 1.65 mgd Up to 4 mgd Maximum 10mgdby 2020 Maximum off-site odor impact • Reclamation Plant No. 1 42 D/T 42 D/T 14D/rby2016 • Treatment Plant No.2 48 D/T 48 D/T 17D/Tby2016 Air emissions health risk to community and employees, < 10 < 10 per one million people(foreach treatment plant) Permit compliance(air, land,and water) 100% 100% OCSD will be a good neighbor FY 07-08 FY 0849 Results Target Odor complaint response: • Treatment Plants within 1 hour 100% 100% • Collections System within 1 working day 100% 100% Number of odor complaints: • Reclamation Plant No. 1 34 32 • Treatment Plant No. 2 8 4 • Collection System 21 34 Restore collection service to customer within 8 hours 100% 100% Respond to collection system spills within 1 hour 100% 100% 13 Business Principles OCSD makes every decision based on short and long-term environmental,societal,and financial impacts (the triple bottom line). Goals and Targeted Completion Date Strategic Business Plan • With Board concurrence,annually update and implement the Strategic Plan and Business Plan. Ongoing goal to be completed annually Review Interagency Agreements • Conduct a comprehensive review of agreements with the Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority,and, if appropriate, reopen for discussion. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 • Conduct a comprehensive review of agreements with the Irvine Ranch Water District and, if appropriate, reopen for discussion. Targeted for completion in FY 11-12 Complete Facilities Master Plan Update • Complete a comprehensive update of the Facilities Master Plan and obtain Board approval. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 Sewer Rate for Green Development • Submit for board approval an amendment to sewer rate ordinance with incentives for green developments. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 Business Accountability Charters • Create Business Accountability Charters for each department consistent with those developed by managers and supervisors. Ongoing goal to be completed annually Local Sewer Services • Implement the Board's four recommendations based on findings of staffs revenue adequacy report.Continue to seek an asset transfer to other agencies.Also transfer other local assets back to cities that are not serving a true regional purpose. Ongoing goal to be completed in FY 11-12 Updating OCSD's Risk Register(new) • Review and update OCSD's risk register to include an assessment of technical, regulatory, financial,and political risks(among others)and possible mitigation strategies. Targeted for completion in FY 10-11 14 Business Principles Levels of Service OCSD will exercise sound financial management FY 07-08 FY 08-09 Results Target COP service principle and interest <O&M expenses <O&M expenses Annual user fees Sufficient Sufficient to cover all O&M requirements Actual annual increase in collection,treatment, and disposal costs per million gallons in comparison with the 4.3% < 10% budget Annual variance from adopted reserve policy 128.50% >95% OCSD will be responsive to our customers FY 07-08 FY 09-09 Results Target Respond to public complaints or inquires regarding 100% >90% construction projects within 1 working day New connection permits processed within one working day 92.4% >90% r Is Wastewater Management OCSD beneficially reuses and recycles water and other resources using safe and effective wastewater systems. Goals and Targeted Completion Date Sustainable Biosolids Program • Monitor both opposition to land application in Kern County and Arizona,and availability of sustainable cost-effective alternatives and provide management and Board with recommendation on whether to pursue proposal for selecting a technology to manage the remaining one-third of our biosolids capacity • Ongoing goal to be completed annually • Develop agreement Targeted for completion in FY 10-11 • Implement management option. Torgeted for completion in FY 11-12 • Monitor City of Los Angeles'deep injection project and evaluate the regulatory and public relations components of undertaking the project. Ongoing goal to be completed annually • Conduct research to reduce the amount of biosolids produced. Ongoing goal to be completed annually Implement Energy Master Plan • After the completion of the plan, assess final recommendations to ensure adequate power resources and energy management. Ongoing goal to be completed annually Odor Control • Implement Odor Control Projects at Plant 1 (trickling filters)and Plant 2 (solids loading facility) by 2016. Targeted for completion in FY 15-16 Groundwater Replenishment System(new) • Maximize the production of GWR System product water to augment and protect the Orange County groundwater basin with a goal of 70 mgd. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 Disinfection of Final Effluent(new) • Develop a cost effective program to sustain protection of public health associated with bacteria in the effluent and gain acceptance of any changes in the program by the public, regulators and other stakeholders. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 16 Wastewater Management Levels of Service Cl will provide a safe reliable effluent for recycling FY 07-08 FY 08-09 Results Target Concentration of emerging chemical constituents 30 NDMA< 150 ppt of concern in Plant No. 1 secondary effluent 1.6 1,4-Dioxane< 2 ppb Thirty-day geometric mean of total coliform bacteria in effluent 266 <1,000 mpn after initial dilution of 180:1 Industry compliance with permits to discharge into OCSD sewers 100% 100% permit compliance BOD 45 ni ROD 100 mg/L SOD 30 ung/L by 2012 Meet secondary treatment standards TSS 33 mg/L TSS 55 mg/L M 30 ong/L by 2012 OCSD will manage flows reliably FY 07-08 FY 08-09 Results Target Frequency of use of emergency one-mile(78-inch diameter) 0 per year during outfall 0 dry weather less than once per 3 years in peak wet weather Sanitary sewer spills per 100 miles 0.9 <2.1 Contain sanitary sewer spills within 5 hours 100% 100% OCSD's effluent will be recycled FY 07-08 FY 08-09 Results Target Provide up to 104 mgd specification effluent to the 35.3 mgd 104 mgd Groundwater Replenishment System during initial start-up year OCSD will implement a sustainable biosolids management FY 07-08 FY 08-09 program Results Target National Biosolids Partnership Certification for Biosolids Recertified Maintain Environmental Management System July 2008 certification Percent of biosolids recycled 100%recycled >95%recycled 0%landfill <5% landfill 17 Workplace Environment OCSD provides an environment of partnership,growth,opportunity, responsibility and accountability. Goals and Targeted Completion Date Space Planning Study Recommendations • Complete relocation of staff housed in Information Technology Trailers,Administration Building,Control Center and Building 6. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 North County Yard • Open the North County Yard and training facility and complete the relocation of selected staff and equipment to the facility. Implement flex space for added agency-wide needs as appropriate. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 Safety and Health Strategic Plan • Develop and implement a Safety and Health Strategic Plan for all OCSD activities. Targeted for completion in FY09-10 Human Resources Strategic Plan(new) • Design, develop and implement human resources policies, practices systems and tools to ensure OCSD has a workforce that meets future needs of OCSD and the public it serves. Targeted for completion in FY 09-10 18 Workplace Environment Levels of Service OCSD will take care of its people FY 07-08 FY 08-09 Results Target Training hours per employee 42.04 45 per year District 5.8 Industry Employee injury incident rate 0&M 2.6 average 5.2 Mandatory OSHA training requirements 14% 100% Hours worked since last lost work day NA* 1,000,000 Lost work day rate NA* 3.2 *Results not available because these are new levels of service. 19 APPENDIX A: ISSUE PAPERS In preparation for the October 15, 2008 Board Workshop to discuss the proposed goals for 2009,staff prepared five issue papers related to the new goals.These papers are attached for your reference.The appendix includes issue papers on the following topics: • Groundwater Replenishment System • Disinfection of Final Effluent • Environmental Footprint Initiative • Updating OCSD's Risk Register • Human Resources Strategic Plan Groundwater Replenishment System 711) GWR System Commissioning Dedication on January 25,2008 20 Groundwater Replenishment System Why is this issue important to OCSD) The Orange County Sanitation District(OCSD) has shared in construction costs for Phase 1 of the Groundwater Replenishment(GWR)System with the Orange County Water District(OCW D), each agency paying equal shares of 50 percent.The first phase has been constructed to reclaim up to 70 million gallons per day(mgd)of water,and will defer the need for OCSD to construct a new ocean outfall. Ultimate planning for the GWR System allows for reclaiming up to 130 mgd.The major GWR System pipelines and other components have been sized to accommodate this expansion; however,the advanced water purification facilities are sized for 70 mgd.OCSD has not committed additional funding for expanding the GWR System beyond the present phase. The GWR System began operation in January 2008,and is presently producing about 45 mgd of product water, reducing OCSD's ocean discharge flow from 225 mgd to 180 mgd.Completion of the Steven Anderson Lift Station (formerly Ellis Avenue Pump Station)will increase the amount of treated secondary effluent(specification water)available to the OCWD,allowing GWR System production to increase to near 70 mgd. Goals ➢ Continue to strive for 104 mgd supply of specification water for reclamation with no planned OCSD capital cost contribution for expansion of the GWR System; ➢ Complete construction of Steven Anderson Lift Station in the fourth quarter of FY 2008-09 and ➢ Continue to study the potential for treating flow from the Santa Ana River Interceptor at Reclamation Plant No. 1 to increase the supply of specification water for reclamation. Desired Outcome ➢ Maximizing the production of GWR System product water to augment and protect the Orange County groundwater basin with a goal of 70 mgd of product water by the end of FY 2008-09. 21 Disinfection of Final Effluent Why is this issue important to OCSD? OCSD began disinfection of our treated effluent in 2002 in response to two factors: • concern from the public that our effluent might be the cause or contributing to elevated bacteria levels in Huntington State Beach and • ocean monitoring data suggesting that on at least one occasion our effluent plume had come to within Y.mile of the Newport Pier. Since 2002 evidence has shown that OCSD's effluent was not the source of shoreline bacteria in Huntington Beach and that our plume is not coming to shore and creating a public health concern. The annual budget for adding chlorine to the effluent for disinfection and sodium bisulfite to remove most of the chlorine before discharging to the ocean is approximately$7.0 million. Since OCSD's facilities were not originally designed with disinfection in mind,there are physical constraints to operating in an efficient manner. In 2006,staff believed that it was prudent to have an independent review of our disinfection program to determine if it is meeting the intended purpose of protecting public health in a cost-effective manner and not increasing risks to the marine environment.The independent review panel was composed of nine members including a medical doctor,a wastewater engineer,a marine ecologist,a regulator,and a chemist among others. Goals ➢ Through the National Water Research Institute(NW RI), commission a panel of experts to review OCSD's disinfection program and provide feedback and recommendations; ➢ Obtain final recommendations from the NWRI Panel on the appropriateness of our current disinfection program and alternatives that should be considered and ➢ Develop and implement strategies for responding to the recommendations including demonstration testing, regulatory approval and outreach to stakeholders. Desired Outcome ➢ Cost effective program to sustain protection of public health associated with bacteria in our effluent and ➢ Acceptance of any changes to our disinfection program by regulators, public and stakeholders 22 Environmental Footprint Initiative Why is this issue important to OCSD? The issue of global climate change is gaining considerable interest from both the public and policy makers.As a public agency chartered with the mission to protect public health and the environment, OCSD should demonstrate leadership in this area. Moreover,wastewater operations consume large amounts of energy and produce green house gases(GHG). Despite the scientific disagreements about climate change, policy makers are addressing the issue.There are many opportunities for OCSD to also address these issues and shrink our environmental footprint. Goals ➢ Calculation of the environmental footprint of OCSD's facilities; ➢ Develop outreach materials describing green initiatives undertaken by OCSD; ➢ Evaluate additional initiatives that the OCSD Board should consider; ➢ Evaluate information from OCSD's research program on emerging green technologies and ➢ Maximize the use of renewable fuels(digester gas). Desired Outcomes ➢ Greater awareness of OCSD's sustainable initiatives; ➢ Reduction in OCSD's environmental footprint through immediate greenhouse gas reduction measures and ➢ A plan for implementing future sustainable initiatives. 23 Updating OCSD's Risk Register Why is this issue important to OCSD? Many leading organizations are formally applying risk management processes to identify and manage risks across many aspects of their business.The formalization of risk management processes is a logical step towards increased accountability and transparency placed on the Board and District management. In February 2006,strategic level risk assessment and mitigation workshops were completed by OCSD's Executive Management Team and District Managers. In May 2008,the register was updated to include additional information and to ensure alignment with current strategic plan. Assessment of these risks and their potential impacts must be identified, reviewed and mitigated in alignment with OCSD's Strategic Plan. Goals ➢ Identify and assess strategic and organization-wide risks facing OCSD(including technical, regulatory,financial,and political)and to develop a high level risk register; ➢ Identify mitigation measures that OCSD currently has in place; ➢ Propose additional mitigation measures that OCSD considers appropriate to manage; ➢ Review of risk register to ensure it represents a balanced portfolio of the risks and that the mitigation strategies are appropriate; ➢ Develop a plan to monitor the effect of mitigation strategies to ensure that controls are in place and effective; ➢ Develop a formal reporting process to the Board that includes possible revisions to the overall risk profile; ➢ Develop protocols to provide assurance to stakeholders that in the annual strategic business plan processes are in place to manage risks organization wide and ➢ Develop an action plan of responsibilities and timeframes for follow-up. Desired Outcome ➢ An update of the Risk Register including mitigation strategies(current and proposed) responsibilities,and timeframes 24 Human Resources Strategic Plan Why is this issue important to OCSD? Human Resources(HR) management has become more complex,evolving from primarily processing employee transactions to serving as a business partner,change agent and leader. OCSD's most important asset is its workforce.As a generation of this workforce retires,OCSD must be prepared to fill vacancies and prepare the next generation for opportunities, including leadership continuity. The HR strategic plan provides the focus for HR,the outcomes to be achieved and the associated roles and competencies needed. It creates clarity for planning and allocating resources.A long-range HR strategy will assure that actions are aligned with OCSD's overall vision,mission,values,and strategies. Goals D Improve HR processes,systems and infrastructure to provide high levels of efficiency, quality, customer service and cost-effectiveness. ➢ Develop leading practices in the recruitment, retention and development of our workforce. ➢ Support and promote the health and well-being of the workforce. ➢ Foster and maintain a working and learning environment that is inclusive,supportive and free from discrimination. ➢ Provide for organizational change initiatives through labor relations program that have been identified by management to grow a performance-based culture. ➢ Focus the HR community on the needs of its customers through programs such as recognition and succession management. Desired Outcome ➢ Design,develop,fund and implement HR policies,strategies, practices,systems,and tools to ensure OCSD has a workforce that meets the future needs of OCSD and the public it serves. 25 APPENDIX B: PREVIOUS ISSUE PAPERS Due to the complex nature of many of the challenges that went into the preparation of this Strategic Plan,a series of position papers were created to assist in better understanding the issues currently facing the Orange County Sanitation District. Included in appendix are position papers on the following subjects: • Biosolids Management • Groundwater Replenishment System • Air Quality • Odor Control • Proposition 218 Notification { Initial mechanical sari-up of EnerTech's Regional Biosolids Processing Facility in Rialto on October 16,2008. 26 Setting OCSD's Level of Service for Biosolids Management November 2007 Policy Issue for LOS Determination: Recognizing the Board's Resolution(OCSD 06-10)that supports biosolids reuse and encourages its member agencies to use compost made from biosolids,should OCSD continue to pursue our beneficial reuse policy or include disposal options for the remaining 1/3 of its non-contractually committed biosolids production? Staff Recommendation: OCSD should continue to pursue beneficial reuse of the remaining 1/3 of its biosolids production.Staff will continue to utilize cost-effective land application reuse options in Kern County and Arizona for as long as possible(anticipated to be less than five years)while pursuing a biosolids-to-energy alternative for the balance of its biosolids production. Analysis: OCSD currently produces 650 tons of biosolids per day,by 2012 when the new secondary treatment processes are fully operational,biosolids production is projected to increase by approximately 30%to 840 tons per day.OCSD currently manages its biosolids as follows via two contracts using five options: 24 percent is land applied as Class A biosolids in Kern County($43.07/ton) 26 percent is land applied as Class B biosolids in Yuma County,Arizona($45.44) 38 percent is composted to Class A in Kern County($63.09) • 12 percent is composted to Class A La Paz County,Arizona($49.74) • 3 percent is land filled in Yuma County,Arizona($45.44) In 2003,OCSD adopted the Long-Range Biosolids Master Plan(Plan).The main policy recommendations from the Plan were: Obtain at least three diverse biosolids management options Limit participation in any market to one-half of the biosolids produced • Limit contracts to one-third of total biosolids production • Strive for increased biosolids-based compost use in Orange County • Since the completion of the Plan,OCSD has entered into two long-term contracts that will service approximately two-thirds of OCSD's biosolids production. EnerTech:225 tons/day of biosolids-to-fuel in Rialto($72.40) (on line 12/08) Synagro:250 tons/day of biosolids composting in Kern County($63.09) Staff is primarily investigating biosolids-to-energy technologies and markets for the remaining one-third of OCSD's biosolids production because of our concern that biosolids composting markets are being saturated which could result in de-valuing of the product,making it non-sustainable.The private sector has already significantly invested in developing biosolids-to-energy technologies which enables wastewater agencies to participate in proven and sustainable markets.Staff will also be investigating biosolids management via deep-well injection and methane production which is currently being evaluated by the City of Los Angeles. Alternatives: OCSD will pursue long term contracts if possible for non-beneficial reuse landfill disposal. Cost Implications for the remaining 1/3 of OCSD's biosolids(2007 dollars): Energy Production: $85/ton—Annual cost=$7.8M Deep Well Injection: $40/ton—Annual cost=$3.7M Landfill Disposal: $60/ton—Annual cost=$5.5M 27 Setting OCSD's Level of Service for the Groundwater Replenishment System November 2007 Policy Issue for LOS Determination: The Orange County Sanitation District(OCSD)has shared in construction costs for Phase 1 of the Groundwater Replenishment(GWR)System with the Orange County Water District (OCWD),with each agency paying equal shares of 50%. Phase 1 will reclaim up to 70 million gallons per day(mgd) of water,and will defer the need for OCSD to construct a new ocean outfall estimated at$200 million. Ultimate planning for the GWR System allows for reclamation up to 130 mgd.The major GWR System pipelines and other components have been sized to accommodate this expansion;however,the advanced water purification facilities are sized for 70 mgd.OCSD has not committed additional funding for expanding the GWR System beyond the present phase. Staff Recommendation: OCSD will maintain its commitment for Phase 1 of the GWR System.This commitment for Phase 1 of GWR System includes the following: • Providing OCWD with secondary effluent to produce 70 mgd of reclaimed water • Providing 50 percent of capital costs($250 million)for Phase 1 • Providing 50 percent of O&M costs($500,000 per year)to remove 1,4-Dioxane and NDMA • In addition to the commitment for Phase 1,staff recommends exploring"low cost"or"no cost"options to expand water availability for the GWR System,including: • Revisiting the potential use of the SARI with the Department of Health Services • Considering grant funding of future sewer diversion projects Analysis: In 1999,the OCSD Board of Directors(Board)approved Phase 1 of the GWR System,a joint funded project of OCSD and OCWD.The objective of Phase 1 is to maximize the use of treated effluent for water recycling and to manage OCSD's peak flow,deferring the construction of a second ocean outfall beyond 2020. The GWR System is anticipated to be fully operational in November 2007.Currently,OCSD Reclamation Plant No. 1 has sufficient wastewater to allow the GWR System to produce about 55 mgd of reclaimed water for the first year of operations.When the new Ellis Pump Station is completed in 2009,there will be sufficient flow to operate the GWR System at its full 70 mgd capacity. Even though sufficient flows will be available for Phase 1 of the GWR System,the daily low flow period(1:00 am to 8:00 am)will limit water availability for expansion of the System beyond Phase 1.Camp Dresser and McKee(CDM) has analyzed options to pump additional flows to Plant No.1,segregating reclaimable and non-reclaimable(SAWPA flows)wastewater streams,and constructing separate treatment plants.In light of the benefits of the current level of service versus the high costs of making future flow available for the GWR System,staff recommends that OCSD continue to work with OCWD to study lower cost options to maximize the amount of water that can be reclaimed. Alternatives: OCSD will be directing all available reclaimable flows to Plant No.1 to maximize reclamation. In the future,as OCSD flows increase substantially,staff will recommend implementation of the most feasible and cost- effective options for increasing the quantity of flow available for reclamation. Estimated Cost Implications for Future Phases: • OCSD Diversions and Infrastructure—up to$700 million • Expansion of OCWD Advanced Water Purification Facilities—about$150 million • Every$1 million in OCSD expenditures increases single family user rates by$1.13 per year. 28 Setting OCSD's Level of Service for Air Quality November 2007 Policy Issue: OCSD expects the South Coast Air Quality Management District to amend existing regulations to require significant reductions in common pollutants(smog,visibility impairment)in December 2007.A secondary public health benefit of this regulation is the reduction in air toxic emissions.The estimated capital improvement cost to meet the new requirements is$31 million. • If the new regulations are not approved then OCSD will be required by 2012,under the existing regulations,to notify all affected residents and business surrounding our facilities of health risks associated with our emissions. • OCSD can avoid issuing notifications by proactively installing air pollution control equipment to reduce the air toxic emissions below the notification level. Analysis: Currently,State law and the South Coast Air Quality Management District require facilities to inventory their air toxic emissions and conduct a Health Risk Assessment of the health risk impact of their emissions to surrounding residents and businesses. Public notification is required if the cancer risk exceeds 10 in one million and non-cancer risk exceeds 1.This means that 10 out of 1 million residents exposed to District air emissions,over a 70-year period,can contract cancer.It is anticipated that after completion of full secondary facilities in 2012,OCSD will exceed the threshold established by South Coast Air Quality Management District and OCSD will be required to notify affected communities. New regulations proposed by the South Coast Air Quality Management District would require OCSD to make significant reductions in common pollutants. The most technically feasible and lowest cost solution will be to add air pollution controls to the existing engines, which would provide the added benefit of reducing air toxic emissions below levels that require public notification. Alternatives(if the new regulations are not enacted): • Notify the affected public of the potential health risk from OCSD's toxic air emissions.OCSD would notify the public via direct mailings to the residents,businesses,and schools followed by public meetings. The corresponding materials will also be listed on the SCAQMD Web site and,possibly,printed in local newspapers. • Add air pollution controls to reduce risk to community below public notification level. Staff Recommendation: OCSD should apply feasible and cost-effective controls in order to reduce the air toxic emissions below the health risk notification level to the surrounding community and OCSD employees. 29 Setting OCSD's Level of Service for Odor Control November 2007 Policy Issue: Thousands of homes surround OCSD's two treatment plants. Under current operating procedures, OCSD's goal is to contain odor nuisances within our property boundary. Historically,OCSD based our Level of Service on meeting hydrogen sulfide levels at the exhaust of odor control equipment within the treatment plant and at the fenceline of our property.Through significant study,staff has determined that hydrogen sulfide is not the best indicator of odor due to the presence of other odorous compounds.To gauge accurately odor nuisances, OCSD is changing to a scientifically based method of odor detection to determine accurately the Level of Service it wishes to achieve for communities surrounding our treatment plants.The Board must then choose the desired LOS. Analysis: In 2002,OCSD completed the Odor Control Master Plan,which provided specific recommendations and measures to control and reduce odors.Staff conducted an extensive evaluation of 005D facilities by collecting and analyzing odor samples from the plant processing equipment.0051D used a panel of 6-8 people,with average olfactory sensitivity,to determine the odor detection thresholds scientifically based on the number of times the sample needed to be diluted before the panelist detected odor.Staff then assigned an odor unit to the sample- the higher the number of dilutions needed to achieve the threshold,the stronger the odor.Staff then fed the data into a computer model to predict the impact to the community. With the modeling analyses completed,staff concluded that under normal operation conditions,by using a guideline of 30 D/T(dilutions to threshold)OCSD would eliminate odor to the surrounding community.OCSD currently meets a 40-50 D/T,which is 4 to 5 times greater than 10 D/T.After the currently approved CIP projects are constructed,OCSD is estimated to reach a level of 25-30 D/r(2.5 to 3 times greater than 10 D/T). Alternatives: • Adopt a treatment plant LOS of 25-30 dilutions/threshold.LOS will be achieved when the projects approved in the current CIP are constructed. Design and construct all future projects to a service level that will keep odors from that project on District property.Staff believes this level is 10 D/T but case-by-case modeling for the projects will be required.The result is no cast Impact to the current approved CIP. • Adopt a treatment plant and future project design and construction LOS for odor control of 10 dilutions/threshold(within the fence line of OCSD)and incorporate four additional odor control projects into the CIP.The result is an increase of$69.6 million to the CIP and$648,000 for O&M. Staff Recommendation: Establish 005D odor standard based on total odor(D/T).Design all new processes, structures and equipment at the wastewater treatment plants so that odors remain within treatment plant boundaries.Add two additional odor control projects(Plant 1 trickling filters and Plant 2 biosolids truck loading)to the CIP.The result is an increase of$17.6 million to the CIP and$300,000 annually for O&M.Conduct research on cost-effective alternatives to control odors from the primary treatment facilities at both plants and report back to the Board on future staff recommendations for any further odor control. 30 Proposition 218 Notices for Annual Sewer Service User Fees November 2007 Proposition 218 was a constitutional initiative governing the establishment of any new taxes,property-related fees or assessments.This initiative was approved by the state's voters in November 1996 and applies to each of California's nearly 7,000 cities,counties,special districts,schools,community college districts,redevelopment agencies,and regional organizations. In order to raise a new tax,assessment,or property-related fee,or to increase an existing one,local governments must comply with Proposition 218 regulations. In general,these requirements are that local governments may use assessments and property-related fees only to finance projects and services that directly benefit property and that most revenue-raising measures be approved in an election. Sewer service user fees are specifically exempted from some of the requirements of Proposition 218.Most notably,they are exempt from the election requirements, but not the requirement that fees cannot exceed the reasonable cost of service. The Board has agreed with staff, however,that we will comply with all of the rest of the requirements,in a spirit of good governance.A notice of rate changes is mailed to every property owner whenever the rates are proposed to increase. Based on the approval to charge for local sewer services,a second(separate) Proposition 218 notice would be included.The rates are adopted through the ordinance process,and that requires a public hearing,two Board meetings and a 2/3 majority approval of the Board. Proposition 218 Notices notify the property owners of the public hearing that coincides with the second reading of the ordinance.Notices must be mailed to property owners 45 days before the public hearing. Mailing of Proposition 218 notices requires significant Sanitation District resources and staff time as staff works with all stakeholders to ensure that notices are printed correctly and mailed to over 550,000 property owners. Additional temporary staff is needed to answer phone calls from customers.Historically,three OCSD staff and two temporary staff answer phone calls for a minimum of four weeks. In addition to written responses(including email),phone calls are also noted and tallied by city of residence.This information is made available to the Directors prior to the public hearing. 31 APPENDIX C: GLOSSARY Activated-sludge process—A secondary biological wastewater treatment process where bacteria reproduce at a high rate with the introduction of excess air or oxygen,and consume dissolved nutrients in the wastewater. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)—The amount of oxygen used when organic matter undergoes decomposition by microorganisms.Testing for BOD is done to assess the amount of organic matter in water. Biosolids—Biosolids are nutrient rich organic and highly treated solid materials produced by the wastewater treatment process.This high-quality product can be recycled as a soil amendment on farm land or further processed as an earth-like product for commercial and home gardens to improve and maintain fertile soil and stimulate plant growth. Business Accountability Charters—A business unit strategic plan. Capital Improvement Program (CIP)—Projects for repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of assets.Also includes treatment improvements, additional capacity, and projects for the support facilities. Coliform bacteria—A group of bacteria found in the intestines of humans and other animals, but also occasionally found elsewhere used as indicators of sewage pollution. E.coli are the most common bacteria in wastewater. Collections system—In wastewater, it is the system of typically underground pipes that receive and convey sanitary wastewater or storm water. Certificate of Participation(COP)—A type of financing where an investor purchases a share of the lease revenues of a program rather than the bond being secured by those revenues. Contaminants of Potential Concern(CPC)—Pharmaceuticals, hormones,and other organic wastewater contaminants. Dashboard—A computer based business tool used to visually track performance. Dilution to Threshold(D/T)—the dilution at which the majority of the people detect the odor becomes the D/T for that air sample. 2,4-Dioxane—A chemical used in solvents for manufacturing,fumigants and automotive coolant. Like NDMA, it occurs in the Groundwater Replenishment System water and is eliminated with hydrogen peroxide and additional ultra-violet treatment. Greenhouse gases—In the order of relative abundance water vapor,carbon dioxide,methane,nitrous oxide,and ozone gases that are considered the cause of global warming("greenhouse effect"). 32 GLOSSARY continued Groundwater Replenishment(G WR)System—A joint water reclamation project that proactively responds to Southern California's current and future water needs.This joint project between the Orange County Water District and the Orange County Sanitation District will provide 70 million gallons a day of drinking quality water to replenish the local groundwater supply. Levels of Service(LOS)—Goals to support environmental and public expectations for performance. Million gallons per day(mgd)—A measure of flow used in the water industry. Most Probable Number(MPN)—Number of organisms per 100 ml that would yield a test result or the observed test result with the greatest frequency.Commonly used for coliform bacteria. NDMA—N-Nitrosodimethylamine is an N-nitrosoamine suspected cancer-causing agent. It has been found in the Groundwater Replenishment System process and is eliminated using hydrogen peroxide with extra ultra-violet treatment. National Biosolids Partnership(NBP)—An alliance of the National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA)and Water Environment Federation (WEF),with advisory support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). NBP is committed to developing and advancing environmentally sound and sustainable biosolids management practices that go beyond regulatory compliance and promote public participation in order to enhance the credibility of local agency biosolids programs and improved communications that lead to public acceptance. O&M—Operations and maintenance of the treatment plants facilities and collections system. Publicly-owned Treatment Works(POTW)—Municipal wastewater treatment plant. Recycling—The conversion of solid and liquid waste into usable materials or energy. Risk Register—An internal document that describes vulnerabilities of the Sanitation District. Santa Ana River Interceptor(SARI) Line—A regional brine line designed to convey 30 million gallons per day(MGD)of non-reclaimable wastewater from the upper Santa Ana River basin to the ocean for disposal,after treatment. Sanitary sewer—Separate sewer systems specifically for the carrying of domestic and industrial wastewater.Combined sewers carry both wastewater and urban run-off. South Coast Air Quality Management District(SCAQMD)—Regional regulatory agency that develops plans and regulations designed to achieve public health standards by reducing emissions from business and industry. Secondary treatment—Biological wastewater treatment, particularly the activated-sludge process, where bacteria and other microorganisms consume dissolved nutrients in wastewater. 33 GLOSSARY continued Sludge—Untreated solid material created by the treatment of wastewater. Total suspended solids(TSS)—The amount of solids floating and in suspension in wastewater. Trickling filter—A biological secondary treatment process in which bacteria and other microorganisms, growing as slime on the surface of rocks or plastic media,consume nutrients in wastewater as it trickles over them. Urban run-off—Water from city streets and domestic properties that carry pollutants into the storm drains, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Wastewater—Any water that enters the sanitary sewer. Watershed—A land area from which water drains to a particular water body. OCSD's service area is in the Santa Ana River Watershed. 34 35 ORANGE COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT 10844 Ellis Avenue Fountain Valley, California 92708-7018 (714) 962-2411 www.ocsd.com a t�t��yyy8s i >� Hit! g! fill 1 glggg t' $ �LS • L4i$ �n i a 'S ill LIL g_. 11 \ ''g It Lu c L � -55' I' a t= "�' Fif 1 / yL — \ $$L� 1 � Source Control 1 I {C it_. i• , OCSD's Source Control Program was established in 1970.The program regulates and monitors industry to keep toxic pollutants out of the sewage system. OCSD works proactively with businesses and industries advising them on Best Management Practices that includes installing pretreatment systems or using alternative chemicals.This relationship has helped our permittees reduce the amount of toxic pollutants discharged into the sewer system by more than 80 percent over the past 30 years. Source Control is one of the most important factors in being able to recycle water, as well as biosolids. Page 8 Collection System 1 . 7 _1 r The Metering and Diversion Building,where 6large regional trunk lines and 1 interplant diversion line enter the Fountain Valley facility. OCSD collects wastewater from 471 square miles of central and north Orange County. Approximately 80 percent of our wastewater comes from residential customers in 21 cities, 3 special districts, and portions of unincorporated Orange County. The other 20 - percent comes from businesses and industry. We currently maintain and operate two treatment facilities located in Fountain Valley and Huntington Beach, 568 miles of regional and local sewer pipelines 11 and 16 off-site pumping stations that pump sewage into — our gravity system from the low-lying collection systems of the areas we serve. Raw Sewage Page 9 Urban Runoff ------------ A concrete dam in the Santa Ana river diverts water into a wet well where it is pumped by the County of Orange into the Fountain Valley facility for treatment. OCSD's sanitary sewer system is separate from the storm water system. The only exceptions are flows from 18 dry-weather urban runoff diversion facilities permitted by OCSD but owned and operated by local agencies in our service area. During fiscal year 2007/08, OCSD received cumulative flow volumes of urban runoff that ranged from 0.7 to 2.4 million gallons per day, which varied by season. Page 10 Preliminary Treatment 1. Bar Screens When wastewater reaches our plants, it undergoes a multi-step process that will make it clean enough to be recycled back into the environment. Preliminary treatment is the first step in wastewater processing once it reaches our facilities.To prevent damage to our systems bar screens collect and remove paper, rags, towels, rocks, chunks of solid grease, and plastic. Downstream grit chambers allow smaller heavier materials such as eggshells, bottle caps, coffee grounds, gravel and sand to settle out. Page 11 Odor Control ter•-'- �-'= . Q67 As a result of hydrogen sulfide forming in sewer pipes and processing units, wastewater treated at our facilities has the potential to create nuisance odors. Typically characterized by a rotten egg smell,the Sanitation District combats these odors to prevent their release with control measures such as covering treatment areas and sealing manhole covers, lj as well as biological and chemical air scrubbers to eliminate the odors that are produced. q Hydrogen sulfide is one component of the odor spectrum that needs to be managed. New Scrubbers at our Huntington Beach facility. Over the nextfive years, OCSO will invest over$120 million in odor control systems. Page 12 Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment WON F r1mary clarifiers at our Fountain Valleyfacility. r clarifiers are rec ran guInr but perform the same function. During primary treatment, wastewater flows to large settling tanks, called clarifiers,where _ chemicals are added to enhance the coagulation and settling of solids. Oil and lighter materials float to the surface and are skimmed off. Solids and scum that settle to the bottom are pumped to digesters. I[ treated wastewater Page 13 Secondary Treatment Trickling filters at the Fountain Valley facility A portion of primary treated wastewater is pumped to trickling filters where it is percolated or "trickled"through a :;. . specially designed plastic media where _ aerobic microorganisms grow and feed �W on nutrients in the wastewater.The remaining primary treated wastewater flows to large aeration basins where air or pure oxygen is added to maintain the proper level of dissolved oxygen in the water so that 001 microorganisms, called activated sludge, can feed on dissolved organic materials - and clean the water. L• Secondary clarifiers at the Fountain Valleyfocility The treated secondary effluent then flows into clarifiers where the activated sludge settles out.The settled solids and sludge are pumped back to the aeration basins to regenerate the process and floatable oils and solids are skimmed off and thickened and sent to the digesters. Page 14 Anaerobic Digestion f=- r r / The solids are processed in digesters for an average of 18 days at a temperature of 98 degrees. Anaerobic digesters further treat and stabilize oils, scum and solids removed from primary and secondary treatment to reduce pathogens and produce digester gas. Digester gas, a renewable fuel supply that consists of methane and carbon dioxide, is used in our power generation facilities or flared-off when not needed. We call these stabilized solids'Biosolids." Page 15 Solids Dewatering and Biosolids Management rf OCSD generates 250,000 tons of b/osal/ds annually. Biosolids from the anaerobic digesters are then pumped and dewatered using belt presses and then can be applied directly to farmland or further processed through various technologies, such as composting, lime stabilization, and production of a fuel pellet that can serve as a synthetic coal. r � IAp6pr..'��'..te"YrW trucks haul an average of 699 tons ilids p day from OCSD facilities. Page 16 - Energy Recovery A ILI T, h a �I I/ I/ 3.0 megawatt central power generators at our Huntington Beach facility. OCSD generates enough electricity by recycling methane gas to power enough homes in a city the size of Brea,saving OCSD approximately$7.6 million annually. Methane gas is used in our clean-burning internal combustion engines to drive generators that produce electricity to operate our plants.As our facilities grow, we will not have enough generator capacity to cover our on-site needs. Page 17 Water Reclamation The Groundwater Replenishment System The GWR System, a joint project of OCSD and OCWD, went online in January 2008.This project currently • purifies up to 70 million gallons per day • � of clean water. It produces a reliable new water supply at a competitive rate, improves water quality, and meets all drinking water standards while generating enough water to meet the needs of 500,000 people per year. Green Acres Project Another joint effort with OCW D is the Green Acres Project(GAP). In operation since 1992,the GAP reclaims secondary treated wastewater for use in irrigation and industry. OCSD is the largest industrial user of GAP water, averaging approximately 4.5 million gallons a day. Secondary treated wastewater Page 18 B Final treated effluent that is not recycled is disinfected with bleach i + and then dechlorinated with eu.cx oxn . sodium bisulfite to ensure that the ois.. WCO chlorine residual in the final effluent will not harm ocean life. Outfall The ocean outfall pipe is 10 feet in diameter, five miles long and safely discharges treated wastewater at a depth of 200 feet.The last mile of the pipeline is a diffuser section with 501 portholes each three to four inches in diameter, provides a high rate of dilution with the surrounding seawater. Page 19 Ocean Monitoring i NERISSA Per our current National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit, CCSD is required to conduct a comprehensive ocean monitoring program that measures the quality of the ocean waters around the outfall,the quality of the natural marine sediments around the outfall, and the condition of the fish and invertebrates such as crabs and sea stars that live in the ocean and in the sediments. This program has been in place for over 35 years. Page 20 d � U 'm E Z u o d :E u d N E E � c rn c d 2 OM MO U c m II II II ais g o E «c E E 3 zm d N C o c N d d E d d V 0 z000 � �; z �O o. a u y o e C N N d C 0 'c in w 'E E $ c wo d d d O (R( Do 0 ® 00000 0- ,mil - � O❑O Q� O O u u 9 L'I" FED E " Ec 2 Ea Eq Hw au �u E�" M • CU OO 9'6p19 S BrIB ry • 6b J 'N � d , �. M a u LS xnWueM ['fip10 • � o anuantl S!113 h 'o w 3 g 0 r z 00040 0 O ® C) UT 0OO ®® ® ® ® �� ®® ® ® F o El ®® ® ® El • nt fd , ;NOOK c 0 E '�� U N u • c �5 o c a O w CO Oc u c o w a N N O C N N � ► W Q � Ol N c N Ol ��� z 0 m U O Q m W F General Manager's Office The General Manager's Office manages the day-to-day and strategic long-term operations of all facets of the agency. An Assistant General Manager works closely with the General Manager to accomplish these goals. The General Managers Office has a budget of$7 million and 22 employees in five divisions. 2. The General Manager's Office has two employees who provide oversight and administrative management of all OCSD operations, ensuring policies and procedures are implemented in accordance with direction from the Board of Directors. 2. The Assistant General Manager's Office has two employees who assist the General Manager by managing the daily activities of the agency, by communicating with federal, state and local elected officials to advocate OCSD's interest in legislative issues, and by managing the strategic planning process. The Board Services, Public Information Office, and Safety and Health division's report to the Assistant General Manager. 3. The Board Services Division has two employees who support the General Manager and Board of Directors by managing the preparation, processing, and legal record keeping of all Board of Director's meeting materials. This division also ensures compliance with the Political Reform Act and AB1234. 4. The Public Information Office has nine employees who meet the communications needs of internal and external audiences for OCSD. This includes media relations, Web site content and management, community relations,construction outreach, community education and outreach,employee communications, intranet management, production of collaterals, graphics and presentation materials, crisis communications and special event management.This division also manages the meeting room services and front desk operation. S. The Safety and Health Division has seven employees who protect employees,the public, the environment, and assets by developing and implementing cost effective safety, health, and security systems, policies, and procedures. Page 23 Engineering Department The Engineering Department is responsible for delivering a diverse roster of capital projects by utilizing effective planning,technology and problem solving capabilities.The department has a budget of$17 million and includes 108 employees in five divisions with a budgeted expenditure of$373.7 million for fiscal year 2008-09. 1. The Engineering Administration Division has two employees and provides management to all Engineering divisions. 2. The Planning Division has 19 employees who evaluate and review engineering data, master planning efforts regarding the Capital Improvement Program, water resources management, and OCSD's California Environmental Quality Act review. This division also provides oversight for annexations, connection permitting, easements and agency agreements, and management of the Engineering Department's documents and records. The planning division is also responsible for developing and updating OCSD's Engineering design guidelines and standards. 3. The Project Management Office has 18 employees who manage the design and construction of new collection, treatment, and disposal facilities as well as the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure. This division is also responsible for the delivery of capital projects from the preliminary design stage through the closeout of construction. 4. The Engineering and Construction Division has 59 employees and provides administration, design, inspection, and other vital services to the Project Management Office and the Planning division. S. The Facilities Engineering Division has 30 employees and is responsible for implementing fast-track improvement and repair projects in the treatment plants,the collection system, and support facilities. This division utilizes a combination of in-house design and consultants to implement these projects. Page 24 Key Issue — Capital Improvement Program MM Capital Improvement Program The Orange County Sanitation District is in the middle of a $2.5 billion Capital Improvement Program (CIP). It is an aggressive and complex program, in part because our plants must continue to operate effectively during construction without disruption. Further heightening the urgency is a Federal Consent Decree imposed by the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) and the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) requiring OCSD to meet secondary treatment standards by December 31, 2012.This program has a budgeted expenditure of $373.7 million for fiscal year 2008-09. Background: The Capital Improvement Program consists of three parts: (1) Rehabilitation or replacement of existing facilities, (2) Upgrades in levels of service, including full secondary treatment, odor control and other air quality improvements, and, (3) New capacity for planned developments within the areas served by OCSD. Rehabilitation or Replacement of Existing Facilities While most of the attention focuses on expansion projects, rehabilitation and replacement of existing infrastructure is critical to the long-term success of our Capital Improvement Program. The CIP will replace or rehabilitate 16 sewage pumps stations and 44 trunklines. In addition, secondary facilities at both plants will be rehabilitated. OCSD also funds cooperative projects that assist our service area cities in the rehabilitation of deteriorating sewer lines. Upgrades in Levels of Service In 2002, the Board voted to forfeit OCSD's 301(h)waiver(allowing for less than full secondary treatment of effluent). Currently this agency operates under a modified secondary permit requiring it to meet specific milestones. If OCSD fails to meet any of these milestones, the EPA in conjunction with the RWQCB will levy penalties. Page 25 In 2007, the Board approved a 5-yr Strategic Plan to upgrade the levels of service for several items including odor control and air quality. These upgrades will reduce the odor levels and the amount of regulated air emissions in the neighborhoods surrounding OCSD's two treatment plants. New Capacity The OCSD Capital Improvement Program includes$453 million in expansion projects through the year 2020. These projects are designed to accommodate planned growth within the cities and agencies served by OCSD. Page 26 Key Issue — Santa Ana River Interceptor Santa Ana River Interceptor Relocation and/or Protection Project The Santa Ana River Interceptor Line (SARI) is a multi-county, regional sewer, extending 76 miles from San Bernardino and Riverside Counties to OCSD's treatment plant in Fountain Valley. The SARI was built in 1976 and carries 42 million gallons of wastewater per day. OCSD owns and operates the line in conjunction with the Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority(SAWPA). It serves portions of Orange County and the upriver counties of Riverside and San Bernardino. Over the years, severe erosion has taken place along a four-mile stretch of the SARI located in the Santa Ana River bed below Prado Dam.The SARI must be relocated and protected to prevent a major sewage spill.Any rupture in the SARI would discharge raw sewage down the Santa Ana River toward Orange County groundwater recharge basins,the beaches and the ocean.The effects would be immediate and severe. A break in the SARI line will cause: • An immediate public health threat • Significant damage to OCSD's collections and treatment facilities • Harm to critical drinking water supplies for 2.5 million Orange County residents • Regional economic damage Timeline: • OCSD's Board of Directors certified the final Environmental Impact Report(EIR) in June 2000. • In February 2001,the OCSD Steering Committee directed staff to stop all design work and to explore other alternatives due to escalating construction cost estimates, a lack of agreement with the City of Yorba Linda regarding the location of the pipe, and opposition from residents due to the requirement of private property easements. • In March 2002,five nationally recognized experts, representing a variety of disciplines, reviewed 20 possible relocation and/or protection alternatives proposed for the SARI. • The 20 alternatives were then narrowed to the eight most viable alternatives. • The responsibilities including the preparation of the EIR/Supplemental Environment Impact Study(SEIS), design, and construction for this project transitioned from OCSD to the County of Orange Resources Development and Management Department(RDMD). Page 27 • New EIR/SEIS is scheduled to be completed in June 2009 by the Army Corps of Engineers. • The key stakeholders, RDMD, OCSD,SAWPA, Orange County Water District and the Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District have formed a memorandum of understanding to monitor the progress of the project and to develop a funding plan. • Construction is scheduled to begin in 2010 and be completed by 2012. Page 28 Operations and Maintenance Department IL The Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Department operates and maintains OCSD's regional wastewater collection,treatment,and disposal systems and related processes and facilities. Estimated replacement value of the infrastructure assets managed was over$6 billion in 2008. The department achieves safe and effective compliance with numerous Federal,State, and local regulations. It has a budget of$105 million with 299 employees in eight divisions. 1. The O&M Administration Division has two employees consisting of the Director and the Executive Assistant. Areas of strategic responsibility include policy, budget and program compliance, performance monitoring, and trend reporting of O&M processes and services. 2. The Collection Facilities O&M Division has 25 employees who are responsible for the safe operations, maintenance, collection and conveyance of wastewater through the local and regional sewers and collection facilities owned by OCSD. Work includes right-of-way surface maintenance and surface marking (dig alert) of underground facilities. The division also coordinates work with the satellite cities and sewering agencies OCSD serves. 3. The Facilities Maintenance Services Division has 34 employees who are responsible for facilities maintenance, support services, overall management and support of the Computer Maintenance Management System, its work orders, close out reporting and materials planning. The division also manages fleet operations,tour bus services, crane services, including motor pool management. It is also responsible for cost-effective asset management with staff, numerous contractors and service providers who maintain grounds,signage, structures, pavement, painting and coatings. 4. The O&M Process Engineering Division has 15 employees who provide technical support for process optimization of the collection,treatment,and disposal systems covering air, liquids and solids issues. The division also manages service contracts, coordinates contingency plans and plans for short and long term O&M strategies to meet the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System requirements as well as process needs for the Groundwater Replenishment System. This division administers right-of-way management, property management, corrosion assessment, and support for maintenance projects. The division also hosts the agency wide Odor and Corrosion Control Committee. Page 29 5. The Plant No. 1 Operations Division has 45 employees on a 24-hour basis and is responsible for the operation of the wastewater treatment processes and biosolids disposal activities at Reclamation Plant No. 1 in Fountain Valley.They coordinate operational issues with the Orange County Water District related to their Advanced Water Purification Systems and its residuals.This division also manages our 24-hour dispatch center for collection system and treatment plant emergencies, including odor complaints and calls from the public. 6. The Plant No. 2 Operations Division has 46 employees on a 24-hour basis and is responsible for the operation of the wastewater treatment processes and biosolids disposal activities at Treatment Plant No. 2 in Huntington Beach, including managing and treating flows diverted from Reclamation Plant No. 1 and operation of the ocean outfall system and its two booster pump stations. 7. The Mechanical and Reliability Maintenance Division has 57 employees and is responsible for mechanical maintenance and repair services of OCSD's plant processes and facilities.The division is also responsible for agency wide programs and services that include the rebuild shop providing mechanical rebuild and welding/fabrication services, the reliability maintenance (condition monitoring) program and also hosts the agency wide staff driven Asset Management Program. 8. The Instrumentation and Electrical Maintenance Division has 75 employees who maintain OCSD assets and manage outsourced services. The division provides reliable power distribution and utilization infrastructure for all OCSD facilities, including power and process heat production from the Cogeneration Facilities. The division manages and maintains the HVAC systems agency wide.They also maintain the field instrumentation, communications infrastructure, and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems to view and help operate the treatment plants and the 16 regional pump stations. These SCADA systems include more than 25,000 physical devices connected to computer systems with more than 92,000 derived data points and displays. The division produces all process control software to ensure seamless and reliable integration of process monitoring and controls on capital improvement projects. Page 30 Key Issue — Chemical Supplies Background One of the major stressors on OCSD's chemical supply includes forces of nature. Most recently,the infrastructure damage resulting from hurricane Ike in September 2008 impacted a number of chemical production facilities in Texas. In turn, this affected the availability of three chemicals that OCSD heavily relies on: hydrogen peroxide, sodium bisulfite, and ferrous chloride. For a short duration, we were able to scale back on the amount of hydrogen peroxide and sodium bisulfite used without causing significant operational or performance problems.We were able to obtain ferrous chloride from another supplier, but at a much higher price. Overview and Current Actions OCSD's operations are highly dependent on the addition of bulk chemicals,that serve to control odors and corrosion in the collection system, treat odors in the air scrubbers at both plants, improve settling of solids in the primary treatment process, improve recovery of solids in the dissolved air flotation process, allow removal of water from post-digested solids, and disinfect and dechlorinate the final effluent.We currently utilize 10 different chemicals in bulk, and on a monthly basis, approximately 300 chemical tanker trucks deliver to OCSD's plants and dosing locations throughout the collection system. The chemical marketplace has been dramatically impacted over the past five years, most recently by natural disasters and new global demands on raw materials. In addition, other supply stressors include rail system interruptions nationally, corporate failure of base chemical suppliers, and of raw material manufacturers who feed base chemical suppliers, reduced competition, labor strikes, environmental regulations, and other unforeseen occurrences. Although most wastewater agencies with chemical needs have been experiencing similar situations, OCSD is proactively planning to develop contingencies for short-term delays or complete stoppage of our base chemical family and also to review available chemicals,technologies, emerging alternatives, and perform an assessment of suppliers and risks. Page 31 Our Purchasing and Contracts staff is actively working on the supply issues and on approaches with O&M staff to deal with operational contingency plans to maintain regulatory compliance and level of service goals in the event of supply interruptions. 0&M staff will finalize short- term contingency plans in early 2009.The long-term strategic evaluation of new technologies and supply issues will be completed in Fiscal Year 2009-10. Page 32 Technical Services Department Technical Services conducts and oversees the research activities for the agency along with providing environmental support services to other departments, overseeing all regulatory affairs and compliance issues related to air, land, and water quality protection as well as setting and enforcing standards for businesses discharging to OCSD facilities. The Technical Services Department has a budget of$19 million and 112 employees in four divisions. 1. The Technical Services Administration Division has four employees and provides management of the department. The research program reports to the department head and consists of two professional staff responsible for planning and implementing applied research projects to achieve a current or future regulatory standard, reduce costs, improve efficiency, or reduce compliance risk. 2. The Environmental Compliance and Regulatory Affairs Division has 19 employees who are responsible for understanding the impact of OCSD's operations on public health and the environment.This division focuses on tracking regulatory developments for air, land, and water, and advocating for environmentally sound and cost-effective regulations. This includes active participation in associations that represent our industries interest. The division provides internal consulting with other divisions concerning regulatory and permit requirements in order to achieve 100 percent compliance, along with ensuring that required compliance reports are prepared and submitted on time. The division also oversees offsite biosolids management operations, maintains the Biosolids EMS Certification by the National Biosolids Partnership, and develops sustainable biosolids management options including promoting in-county use of biosolids. 3. The Environmental Laboratory and Ocean Monitoring Division has 50 employees responsible for providing laboratory services in support of operations, compliance, source control, research,ocean monitoring, and groundwater recharge activities.This division focuses on the impacts of OCSD's discharge to the marine environment; maintaining the quality and improving the efficiency of our Ocean Monitoring Program; and researching new and innovative ways to assess, potentially reduce and communicate environmental impacts of our ocean discharge. 4. The Source Control Division has 39 employees responsible for administering and enforcing OCSD's Ordinance and General Pretreatment Regulations.This division administers extensive permitting, monitoring, inspection, compliance screening,follow-up enforcement, and reporting programs to regulate industrial discharges into sewer Page 33 facilities. During the past few years,the division's responsibilities and functions were expanded to support the agency's goal of participating in the overall management of the region's water resources including the Groundwater Replenishment System.This expansion includes the addition of an Urban Runoff program, Fats, Oils and Grease Program, and a Non-point Source Control Program, including a public outreach and education program for pharmaceuticals and compounds of emerging concern. Page 34 Key Issue — Greenhouse Gas and Climate Change JA Greenhouse Gas and Climate Change The issue of global climate change is gaining considerable interest from both the public and policy makers. In 2006, the California Legislature passed and Governor Schwarzenegger signed Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32), the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. AB 32 set a goal of reducing greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020,with additional GHG reductions planned through the year 2050. AB 32 targets the reduction of six greenhouse gases; of which three, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)and nitrous oxide (N2O) are emitted during wastewater treatment. In addition, as a public agency with a mission to protect public health and the environment, it is critical that that we take all reasonable steps to ensure that our operations can continue to provide the expected level of service even in the face of potential extreme weather conditions, rising sea levels, and changing influent wastewater characteristics resulting from climate change. Background In 2008, the California Air Resources Board (CARB)adopted a Scoping Plan outlining the State's strategy to achieve the 2020 greenhouse gas emissions limit.The Scoping Plan does not specifically address the wastewater industry by name but many recommended measures affect it directly or indirectly. For example, power-producing combustion sources at publically owned treatment works like our Central Generation System engines will be subject to mandatory reporting of GHG emissions which may be followed by emission reductions. In addition, staff expects that by 2015 the wastewater industry will be required to implement control measures to reduce GHG emissions. There is a limited amount of information available on the potential impacts to our operations resulting from climate change. Organizations like the Water Environment Research Foundation and EPA are conducting research and studies to access the impacts and vulnerabilities of POTWs to climate change and OCSD staff is actively participating with these organizations. Examples of potential impacts include reduced outfall pumping capacity due to sea level rise, sewer spills due to extreme storm conditions, increased corrosion of sewers and structures, and increased odors resulting from warmer water temperature and reduced flows, compliance challenges due to changing ocean biota resulting from warmer temperatures and acidification Page 35 from increased atmospheric COz levels. There is a significant uncertainty about if and when these impacts will occur. Current and Future Activities Because climate change touches so many aspects of what OCSD does,the Board of Directors has directed staff to undertake a strategic initiative called "Environmental Footprint' that will bring the main components of climate change, namely greenhouse gas emissions, adaptation to the potential impacts of climate change and for California, regulatory compliance requirements, into a coherent framework that will enable staff and the Board to understand the issues and prioritize actions and limited staff resources. As part of this strategic initiative, staff will compile all the"green" programs and actions that have already been implemented by OCSD so that the public, Board and staff are aware of these past and current efforts. We will also be determining the "environmental footprint' of our facilities to establish a baseline by which changes to this baseline can be considered among other factors when new or modified facilities are being proposed. Finally,staff will be researching new technology and studying alternative business practices that would improve our energy efficiency and reduce our environmental footprint and will be taking proposals to the Board for their consideration. Page 36 Key Issue — Central Power Generation Engines im Central Power Generation Engines OCSD meets the majority of its power demand through the combustion of digester gas in the Central Generation System (CGS) engines located at both treatment plants. Digester gas is produced onsite through the decomposition of solids separated from the wastewater stream. The CGS engines are highly regulated by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD)and must meet stringent emission standards for common pollutants. These emission standards will become even more stringent in 2012, and then likely again in the following years.The Board has also directed staff to reduce the impact of air toxic emissions originating from the CGS engines to below SCAQMD standards that require annual notification to the surrounding community. Our CGS engines are expected to exceed this annual notification standard after additional secondary treatment facilities are installed to meet our consent decree with EPA. Meeting both the common pollutant and toxic emissions standards will require the application of new technologies that have not been proven to work on digester gas fired engines.This will require staff to evaluate the availability and technical feasibility of technologies that can meet the 2012 standard, and hopefully also meet a future,yet unknown even lower standard. Background In 2008, the SCAQMD amended Rule 1110.2 to reduce common pollutant emissions of Carbon Monoxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and Volatile Organic Compounds from internal combustion engines that affect the South Coast Air Basin's ability to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.This rule amendment affects our eight CGS engines (three at Plant 1 and five at Plant 2)that currently do not meet the standards, which will become effective in July 2012. Current and Future Activities Staff commissioned a pilot study on one of the CGS engines to evaluate the feasibility of a technology that could enable the CGS engine to meet the new 2012 standards and reduce air toxic emissions to below levels that require community notification.The conclusions drawn from the pilot study were that the required reduction to meet the future emission limits could be achieved and toxic emissions reduction is likely, but an additional emission control system would be required for the CGS engines to meet the expected future emission limits. Page 37 A pilot study of the proposed technology will be conducted on a CGS engine at Plant 1.This emission control system is an established technology but there is a very limited amount of data on its performance for digester gas fired engines that contain compounds known to foul the equipment.The pilot study is planned to begin next spring and completed in 2010. If successful, implementation for all engines should be completed by 2014. Since Rule 1110.2 requires compliance by 2012, staff will have to advocate re-opening the Rule and having the compliance date extended, or pursuing a variance from SCAQMD that could involve payment of fees for unabated emissions. The cost of the pilot study is estimated at$3,400,000.The complete cost of meeting the SCAQMD regulations is estimated at$33 million. Page 38 Finance and Administrative Services Department IL The Finance and Administrative Services Department oversees all accounting, contracts, purchasing, information technology and human resources activities. The department has a budget of$19 million and includes 99 employees in five divisions. 1. The Administrative Services Division has four employees and is managed by the Director of Finance and Administrative Services. The director is responsible for the oversight and management of the department as well as working closely with the General Manager's Office to provide ongoing support on all fiscal and administrative issues. 2. The Financial Management Division has 19 employees and is responsible for the financial oversight and administration of all OCSD funds and accounts. The division also administers treasury management, including debt financing and risk management programs, processing cash receipts, accounts payable, accounts receivable, user fees, payroll, accounting for fixed assets, and coordinating the capital and operating budget process throughout OCSD. 3. The Contracts, Purchasing,& Materials Management Division has 29 employees who are responsible for contract administration and procurement for all OCSD departments. The division also manages OCSD's warehouses, receiving and maintaining inventory, and distributing supplies, materials and equipment. 4. The Human Resources Division has 16 employees and is responsible for employee development and training, staffing programs, compensation and classification activities, benefits, labor relations and collective bargaining. S. The Information Technology Division has 31 employees who administer OCSD's global need for IT resources. The division works with internal customers to develop technology solutions to meet their operating and strategic goals. IT is responsible for selecting and developing secure technology solutions, implementing and maintaining the hardware and software assets, and providing a Help Desk and Reprographic Center to support all departments. Page 39 Key Issue — Financial Issues Impacting OCSD and its Ratepayers Financial Issues Impacting OCSD and its Ratepayers Currently,the State faces a budget shortfall which is estimated to be between $10 and $40 billion. As a result, OCSD may be impacted should the State elect to reallocate property tax revenue currently dedicated for special districts. Background: OCSD receives approximately$65 million in property taxes each year.These funds are dedicated for the payment of debt service. However, as a result of the ongoing instability in California's budget,these funds are under increasing threat of being taken to balance the State's needs. In 2004 and 2005, OCSD lost$30 million of its property tax revenue to help the State balance its budget. This level of reduction would mandate a corresponding reduction in service, and increase in rates or an increase in debt issuances. Many in Sacramento and around California openly advocate that special districts should not receive any portion of the ad valorem property taxes because of their rate-making ability and float proposals to permanently take these property taxes away. Currently, OCSD's residential rates average less than $17 per month, one of the lowest rates in the state. However,to fund OCSD's current capital improvement program,the agency's financing plan includes rate adjustments and capital debt financing. These revenue sources are required to maintain the current level of service and complete the capital improvement program. Annual rate increases will average 10 percent over the next four years. In making rate determinations, the above information along with the following issues must be considered by the Board: • Operating and Other Expenses—It is anticipated that OCSD's operating expenses will grow 6.5 percent annually for the next several years,with some crucial operating elements(chemicals)growing at a much faster rate. Without constant monitoring,these increases will surpass OCSD's revenue streams. Page 40 • Bond-Rating—OCSD's "AAA" Rating from Standard and Poor's is the highest rating a government agency can receive.To maintain its rating, OCSD adheres to its current Debt Policy and coverage ratios requirements.This Board-adopted policy serves as the agency's guide in the management of existing debt and in the issuance of future debt. Using additional debt instead of raising rates will jeopardize OCSD's strong rating. Staff continues to do their part in keeping rates as low as possible, including annual reviews of its operating and capital improvement programs. Page 41 Government Affairs om Michael Gold is OCSD's Government Affairs Manager. He tracks State and Federal issues and the actions taken by staff and lobbyists promoting OCSD's interests in Sacramento and Washington, D.C. He also serves as the link between the Board of Directors, management, lobbyists and other stakeholders. The Board of Directors has adopted a set of goals for the legislative program for 2009 and receives monthly updates on these and other legislative matters affecting the agency and its operations. OCSD currently contracts with the following lobbyists: Federal Lobbying Team - ENS Resources: Eric Sapirstein (202)466-3755 esap@ensresources.com Sacramento Lobbying Team - Townsend Public Affairs: Christopher Townsend (949) 399-9050 ctownsend@townsendpa.com Heather Dion (949) 399-9050 hdion@townsendpa.com Page 42 2009 Legislative Platform and Goals � llg�lafNe lipdahs — PleasecllckUellakbelowforiel escLegislaoveTracb'egMaV hael CM • dvise Leg ve a es Coll aborate r, leddetiuealtrxkhg)92.9iH) - . I Fil� Originally Adopted December, 2005 Revised January, 2009 Page 43 Legislative Affairs Team OCSD Staff Michael Gold Ph: (714)593-7529 mgold@ocsd.com Government Affairs Manager Cell: (714)263-5541 Robert Ghirelli (714)593-7400 rghirelli@ocsd.com Assistant General Manager James D. Ruth (714)593-7110 jruth@ocsd.som General Manager Federal Lobbying Team Eric Sapirstein (202)466-3755 esap@ ENS Resources ensresources.com Sacramento Lobbying Team Townsend Public Affairs Christopher Townsend (949)399-9050 ctownsend@ TownsendPA.com Heather Dion (949)399-9050 hdion@ TownsendPA.com Page 44 Introduction The Orange County Sanitation District(OCSD)recognizes the need for an active State and Federal legislative advocacy program to ensure the interests of the ratepayer and Board of Directors are protected. Towards that end,the legislative affairs team monitors activities in Sacramento and Washington, D.C. and takes appropriate action in support or opposition of legislative initiatives. Each year,the Board of Directors adopts a Legislative Platform,which is a summary of goals, key issues and OCSD's policy position. The following legislative policies have been developed by OCSD staff and legislative advocates in consideration of OCSD service area cities' and policy needs.These Board- approved policies serve as OCSD's official positions of support or opposition on issues of importance to the agency. The Legislative Platform is a dynamic document, adopted annually and changing to the needs of the Board. The legislative affairs team, in conjunction with the Board, may take appropriate action consistent with the Legislative Platform,including, but not limited to,drafting letters, lobbying legislators and staff and crafting bills. Procedure for Taking Positions on Bills 1. Staff will track bills of greatest interest to the District, particularly those that fall within the goals and objectives identified by the Board of Directors. Staff will monitor bills being watched by similar agencies in Orange County(OCW D, MWDOC,etc.) as well as State Agencies such as California Association of Sanitation Agencies(CASA),the California Special Districts Association (CSDA)and the Association of California Water Agencies(ACWA). 2. For those bills that are being tracked where there is clear policy direction stated in the Board- adopted Legislative Platform or adopted goals,staff can send letters and give direction to the lobbyists to advocate that position. 3. Where a particular issue is not urgent,all legislative letters will be hand-signed by the Chair or Vice-Chair. If a matter is urgent,staff may use the signature stamp,so long as a clear policy direction exists. 4. A summary of bills being tracked will be presented to the Steering Committee monthly. S. When a bill does not fall within the scope of the Legislative Platform or is a politically controversial issue,staff will seek direction from the Steering Committee. 6. If a bill does not fall within the scope of the Legislative Platform, but the California Association of Sanitary Agencies(CASA),the California Special Districts Association (CSDA)or the National Association of Clean Water Agencies(NACWA) has an adopted position,staff may follow this position but must inform the Steering Committee of such action at the next regularly scheduled meeting. Page 45 State and Federal Legislative Goals for 2008 Funding Priorities • Aggressively pursue infrastructure stimulus funding for one or more priority projects through both the Federal and State governments. • Continue seeking an appropriation from Congress for Secondary Treatment upgrades in advance of the 2012 deadline. • Request a general authorization for funding priorities in the Water Resources Development Act (WRDA)or other related legislation. • Pursue funding for fuel cell power generation. • Seek an appropriation through Congress to fund the relocation of the Santa Ana River Interceptor(SARI) line. Policy Goals • Aggressively fight any property tax shift from Sacramento by working with the Orange County Water District, CASA and other partners. • Monitor any proposed changes to the Federal Clean Water Act. • Monitor Congress for a revised energy bill for possible impacts to OCSD • Monitor climate change legislation at both the State and Federal levels. Page 46 Federal and State Legislative Policies 1. Air Quality:OCSD is committed to complying with federal,state,and local air quality laws and rules. OCSD is further committed to establishing an odor policy to assure that the district is a good neighbor to the surrounding communities.Therefore,OCSD shall: a. Support air quality legislation that emphasizes the use of advance technologies and applicable market incentives,and incentives for the use of alternative fuels and the development of the infrastructure for alternative fuel vehicles. b. Support measures that maintain and enhance local decision-making authority,where appropriate,in the development and implementation of air quality attainment strategies. c. Support legislation to ensure greater consistency between the California and Federal Clean Air Acts; including the need to demonstrate cost-effective public health or environmental benefit if California elects to exceed federal standards. d. Support strategies that clearly demonstrate and provide for the most cost-effective means for meeting air quality goals. e. Support, in concept, legislation that would utilize incentives and pricing strategies as a preferred alternative to traditional command and control regulations for meeting emission reduction objectives for all sources. f. Oppose actions that preclude implementation of the Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP)to the extent that such actions could subject the basin to sanction or conformity penalties. 2. Biosolids:OCSD strives to beneficially use biosolids through multiple management options performed at reasonable costs that are protective of public health and the environment. Therefore,OCSD shall: a. Support legislation that supports the use of biosolids as on non-food production agricultural lands. b. Support policies that encourage biosolids product use by horticulture and retail consumers. c. Oppose legislation that bans the use of biosolids for land application in any region, county,or state. d. Support science-based legislation that establishes a state-wide regulatory system for biosolids management. 3. Grant Funding:OCSD is committed to offsetting its research,special projects and wastewater infrastructure project and construction costs by obtaining funding through grants and cooperative agreements.Therefore,OCSD shall: a. Support appropriations legislation, bonds, programs,and projects that provide funding for infrastructure construction and rehabilitation, special studies and research or Page 47 projects relating to security, environmental education,water quality,wastewater processing, urban runoff,water conservation, and water recycling. b. Support projects that provide for public benefit, over projects that are primarily intended for private benefit or gain. c. Support continued federal funding for protecting and realigning the Santa Ana River Interceptor project and for secondary treatment upgrades. d. Oppose proposals placing further requirements on grant recipients that return low value for high administrative costs. 4. Labor Relations:OCSD is committed to the exercise of and provision of orderly procedures for the administration of employer-employee relations, including, but not limited to, meeting and conferring in good faith with recognized employee organizations regarding the wages, hours of work,and other terms and conditions of employment.Therefore,OCSD shall: a. Support measures to reform current workers compensation formulas to rely on higher thresholds for compensation or a proportionate exposure formula. b. Support health insurance reform that does not create additional financial burdens on special districts. c. Support measures to ease applicability of the Fair Labor Standards Act(FLSA)on public agencies. d. Oppose any measure imposing compulsory and binding arbitration with respect to public employees. e. Oppose any measure that imposes upon local government mandated employee benefits that are more properly decided at the local bargaining table. f. Oppose efforts reducing local control over public employee disputes and imposing regulations on an outside agency. g. Oppose any measure granting public employees the right to strike. h. Oppose a new mandatory Social Security tax for public employers and public employees. 5. Planning:OCSD ensures the long-range planning of capital improvement programs in order to deliver the highest quality facilities.Therefore, OCSD shall: a. Support reform of existing state, regional,and local planning processes only if directly linked to reforms in the current revenue and tax structure of state and local governments. b. Support measures that provide new revenues for growth management and the public facilities necessary to support expected growth. c. Support proposals encouraging regional,sub-regional or countywide cooperation in planning urban development strategies,especially those that provide funding for effective implementation of agreed upon goals. Page 48 d. Oppose legislation consolidating special districts that fail to address the concerns of cities affected by the proposed consolidation. e. Oppose measures that prevent or restrict the ability of cities or special districts to participate in the Southern California Association of Governments' (SLAG)sub-regional process. 6. Public Health: Protection of public health is OCSD's core mission. OCSD will work cooperatively with county and state health officers to assure local health protection.Therefore, OCSD shall: a. Support hazard mitigation,emergency response, planning and recovery through direct legislation, policy directives and funding toward floodplain security within the Santa Ana River watershed. b. Support(generally) measures that provide for improved public health through regulation. c. Support the protection of public health through the construction and implementation of advanced wastewater treatment technology. 7. Public Works:OCSD is committed to the achievement of effective and efficient projects that provide wastewater treatment services that benefit its ratepayers.Therefore, OCSD shall: a. Support measures that provide funding and support to publicly owned treatment works and sewerage collection systems. b. Support legislation that allows public agencies to procure goods and services in manners similar to private industry,thereby reducing overall costs of delivery. c. Support legislation that improves the Utility Underground Service Alert Program in order to improve coordination, identification, minimize damage,minimize environmental risks and minimize cost exposure to publicly owned facilities when contractors are performing sub-surface work. d. Support a comprehensive response to the State's electricity and natural gas shortages that provide a stable energy supply, respects the ability of municipalities to provide power, recognizes that infrastructure(i.e. emergency and standby generators)exists that could be employed temporarily during weak periods with minimal air quality impact and protects ratepayers(including cities and special districts)against dramatic rate increases and statewide power outages. e. Support legislation that allows OCSD to utilize the Best Value Design/Build option for the construction of public works projects. R. Revenue and Taxation:Track pending legislation to ensure OCSD remains in compliance with the government code as it pertains to wastewater system user fees and property tax revenues and the investment of public funds.Therefore,OCSD shall: a. Support measures leading to a greater financial independence from the state and would result in greater stability and predictability in local government budgeting. Page 49 b. Oppose measures that impose mandated costs for which there is no guarantee of local reimbursement or offsetting benefits. c. Oppose legislation that shifts tax revenues away from local governments without the adequate provision of a constitutionally guaranteed backfill to offset the lost revenues of those local governments. d. Oppose measures that allow state retention of existing local revenue sources, including the special district share of property tax,sales tax,vehicle license fees and rate payer fees. e. Oppose the use of revenues traditionally used to fund the delivery of municipal services to fund programs for which the state is responsible, particularly the courts, health, and welfare programs. 9. Special Districts:OCSD supports the maintenance of special districts to provide specific services, in response citizen's demands,in a cost effective manner.Therefore,OCSD shall: a. Support outreach to local, regional, and state elected officials to foster a greater understanding regarding the critical relationship between adequate reserves and the successful short-and-long-term operation of water and wastewater agencies. b. Supportthe work of the Association of California Water Agencies(ACWA),California Association of Sanitation Agencies(CASA), and California Special Districts Association (CSDA) in any future discussions or negotiations pertaining to the legislative and budget issues relative to preserving control of members' reserves. c. Oppose further state regulations that adversely impact special district financing and operations. d. Oppose measures that create or grant powers to sub-regional or regional bodies that would result in an infringement on clearly local concerns. e. Oppose any administrative or legislative efforts to access or transfer any reserve funds held by water and wastewater districts. f. Oppose the imposition of unfunded, mandated programs on local governments. 10. Water Quality and Supply:OCSD is committed to participating collaboratively in the protection of regional water resources for the benefit of the people we serve. Therefore, OCSD shall: a. Support continued federal and state funding for the Santa Ana River Interceptor Relocation project. b. Support(generally) measures to increase water supply and improve water quality inthe region. c. Support measures that would increase funding for water reuse technologies,including support for the Groundwater Replenishment System project by the Orange County Water District and OCSD to create new water supplies through recycling. Page 50 d. Support U.S.Army Corps of Engineers projects for Orange County regarding watershed and water quality protection and sand replenishment. e. Support measures that promote and provide for the use of reclaimed water. f. Support"watershed-based"solutions,including cost-shared studies with the US Army Corps of Engineers of water quality impairments that reflect state-of-the-art science. g. Support policy development,funding, and research for addressing urban runoff and beach closures, including funding for studies that identify the sources of bacterial,viral and other contaminants and human pathogens. h. Support measures to evaluate water quality standards,as needed,to ensure the objectives are appropriately protecting the designated use. i. Support measures to develop a state-wide consistent policy for total maximum daily load (TMDL) listing and delisting. j. Support State General Fund subventions and Bond revenue to special districts for local and regional efforts that educate the public on urban runoff,which provide for long- term capital improvements(like storm drain diversions and filters),and encourage municipalities to implement Urban Runoff Best Management Practices at the local level. k. Support legislation that would retain any Regional Board fines levied against a permit violator within the Region of the fine. I. Support legislation that provides"amnesty"from administrative civil liability(ACL)fines from Regional Boards for agencies participating in comprehensive watershed studies that will,when complete, address the problem that resulted in the ACL fine. m. Support efforts,including legislation,clarifying that Regional Water Quality Control Board rules that require spending funds are unfunded mandates. n. Support measures addressing non-point source pollution in order to protect our ocean water quality and provide funding to mitigate its effects. o. Support measures for alternative energy sources. p. Support efforts to reduce the toxic and non-reusable waste load. q. Support legislation and regulations that promote improved water use efficiency in construction of water efficient buildings and communities. r. Support legislation that promotes improved water use efficiency through state and federal assistance in evaluating and implementing new programs and technologies and increasing public awareness of water use efficiency. s. Support legislation that provides for groundwater management on a local level,with respect to coordination of programs,extraction and production rights,long-term protection and groundwater quality protection. t. Support legislation that provides for the development of the watershed approach, including watershed management plans and watershed based permitting. u. Oppose proposed environmental constraints on government agencies that would result in economic damage to the region while providing only minimal protections. Page 51 v. Oppose efforts to make all NPDES permits the same. Requirements of other permits may be too onerous or not applicable. OCSD's permit should be tailored to the Orange County region and watershed. w. Oppose the imposition of statewide/nationwide fees for environmental cleanup that is privately caused or regional in nature (e.g.,when the nexus between those responsible for environmental abuse and those required to pay for cleanup or mitigation is absent). x. Support measures supporting urban runoff studies and urban runoff reduction. y. Support Coastal Water Quality efforts to ensure that clean beach projects remain a top priority for the state,whether through negotiations on upcoming resources bonds,in setting of legislative priorities, implementation of funding programs, and in any other relevant process. Page 52 OCSD's Public Information Office exists to promote key messages and educate a variety of audiences about the programs and issues that impact OCSD and its ratepayers. Through a variety of methods, we focus our efforts in five key areas: Internal Communications We view our employees, management and Board of Directors as key audiences and reach out to them through OCSD's intranet, employee newsletter, special events, responding to email inquiries, counseling divisions on communication issues and through the coordination of all- hands meetings. External Communications We communicate to several key external audiences through our Web site, community newsletter, media relations, management of the Administration lobby reception and conference room functions,the production of educational videos and public service announcements. We use these and other methods to inform them about programs such as Biosolids, FOG, and Pharmaceuticals as well as key issues that include our budget and rates, odor and air quality, construction, and regional programs and policies. Public Education and Outreach We actively engage in education and outreach activities that include a substantial employee volunteer program, participation in large scale community events,a Sewer Science program we teach in area high schools, a formal Speaker's Bureau and by hosting more than 100 tours annually. Construction Outreach Because OCSD has so many construction projects in various stages of development, we conduct a separate outreach program to meet the unique needs of residents and businesses impacted by our multi-billion dollar Capital Improvement Program. This work includes special community meetings, construction flyers and notices, open houses,web postings and managing a construction hotline. Page 53 Special Projects PIO is asked to work on projects that are unique and one-of-a-kind.These include special projects such as remodeling the Administration lobby area, participating in multi-agency projects and programs, and working with the Orange County Water District to promote the Groundwater Replenishment System. Page 54 The OCSD Web site www.ocsd.com A helpful tool for Board Members Several areas of the Web site are particularly helpful for locating information and keeping up on OCSD activities. 1. The Construction Section • Service area map with hyperlinks to construction projects • Environmental impact reports • Construction project fact sheets • Resident notifications 2. The Document Center Simply use the search box to find the item you need. If you cannot locate a document or it is older than one year, email forinformation@ocsd.com. • OCSD reports • Strategic plans • Lab results • Publications • Fact sheets • General OCSD Information • Ocean Monitoring • Disinfection • Biosolids and Compost • Odor • Construction Projects • California Environmental Quality Act • Fats, Oils and Grease • Power Generation • Urban Runoff 3. E-Notify E-notify is a subscription service. An email is sent directly to your inbox to notify you of the latest information. Sign up to receive information on: • Board and Committee meetings • Construction projects • Press releases • Biosolids information 4. Virtual Tour of Wastewater Process Under"Education"this interactive graphic will give you a quick refresher of the wastewater treatment process. S. Board Information • List of board members with a link to their city/agency Web site • Board and committee agendas and minutes The Web site is full of information regarding OCSD and our programs. Take a look and explore the site. www.ocsd.com Orange sud Maaow•iea+as.me�.w.Cv,on F.Momrom•a�aa�M. earo� o«wnb u�n� Spomgm M.Wn lEv 8imOO rr� •Fa➢�dK.� � Cb�MNGib�n^P�e�q�.EO/�� 1be1 wuea Eeg•• •8um:•' — em._ •sma Director's Web Page http://www.ocsd.com/about/board—of—directors/directors—web_page w M m • ��c• •o..c B• O�r..�9aw ier. �.rr.s Os.. � Orange County Sanitation District Maul 0C80 Cumncbn,Buia 0~1 EPwam R•pr I EAisApa i Cxn Ct esy,get�.maam.,o.e,...nw rr"J .wn.u.w.... Olnnah w•n P• .f. Fa tlYaW nu.in,.epnigm{Mn.eMnlOgp•ayVgy .•a ,e..Ce...-.n..aa.m..n...e....-..e....nae.e P..w�.me..,t............. -..n • sta.gOn fii MlaFOoy,-.a�,M/x.peaa-'.®x1v1a-m.rpnvy T..n ,mn m000ai ...a a�•e nn •• ,vya�a.nm , .winam Abbreviations and Acronyms AMSA Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies (now NACWA) ANSI American National Standards Institute APT Advanced Primary Treatment AQMD Air Quality Management District ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand CARB California Air Resources Board CASA California Association of Sanitation Agencies CCTV Closed-Circuit Television CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CEPT Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment CFR Code of Federal Regulations CIP Capital Improvement Program CMP Corrosion Management Program CMS Content Management System CMMS Computerized Maintenance Management System COE Corps of Engineers COP Certificates of Participation CRWQCB California Regional Water Quality Control Board CWA Clean Water Act CWEA California Water Environment Association DART District's Assessment and Reinvention Team DHS Department of Health Services D/T Dilutions to Threshold EIR Environmental Impact Report EMT Executive Management Team EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EQ biosolids Exceptional Quality Biosolids FOG Fats, Oils, and Grease Ft/min Feet per minute gpd Gallons per day gpd/ft' Gallons per day per square foot GIB Geographic Information System GWR System Groundwater Replenishment System (also called GWRS) H,S Hydrogen Sulfide HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning IERP Integrated Emergency Response Plan 1/I Inflow and Infiltration JOS Joint Outfall Sewer K lb/day Thousand pounds per day kW Kilowatt kWh Kilowatt hour lb/day Pounds per day lb/dry ton Pounds per dry ton LOS Level of Service MGD Million gallons per day mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram mg/L Milligrams per liter mL/L Milliliter per liter MW Megawatt NACWA National Association of Clean Water Agencies NASSCO National Association of Sewer Service Companies NCY North County Yard NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRC National Research Council NTP Notice to Proceed O&M Operations and Maintenance OCBC Orange County Business Council OCFCD Orange County Flood Control District OCHCA Orange County Health Care Agency U. OCSD Orange County Sanitation District OCWD Orange County Water District DES Office of Emergency Services OOBS Ocean Outfall Booster Station OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration pH Measure of acidity or alkalinity PEPS Primary Effluent Pumping System PIE Public Information and Education (Committee for GWR System) PIO Public Information Office POTW Publicly Owned Treatment Works ppm Parts per million ppmv Parts per million volume RAS Return Activated Sludge RCM Reliability Centered Maintenance RDMD Resources and Development Management Department (Orange County) RFI Request for Information RFP Request for Proposal IRS Regional Services RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board SARBS Santa Ana River Basin Section (of the CWEA) SARI Santa Ana River Inceptor SARWQCB Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board SAWPA Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system SCAG Southern California Association of Governments SCAP Southern California Alliance of Publicly Owned Treatment Works SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SIP Safety Incentive Program SOCWA South Orange County Wastewater Authority SSMP Sanitary Sewer Management Plan SSO Sanitary Sewer Overflow SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board f TBOD Total Biochemical Oxygen Demand TDS Total Dissolved Solids TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load TS Total Solids TSS Total Suspended Solids to Toxic units VCP Vitrified Clay Pipe VIP Volunteer Incentive Program WAS Waste Activated Sludge WDR Waste Discharge Requirements WEF Water Environment Federation WERF Water Environment Research Foundation v OCSD STANDARD TERMS Acre Foot The amount of water required to cover one acre to a depth of one foot; equal to 43,560 cubic feet of water or 326,000 gallons. Activated Sludge (A.S.) Sludge withdrawn from a secondary clarifier following the activated sludge process, consisting mainly of agglomerated particles made up of both living and dead microorganisms, and small amounts of inorganic matter. Return sludge is recycled to the head of the process; waste (excess) sludge is removed for digestion. Activated Sludge Process A biological wastewater treatment process in which a mixture of wastewater and activated sludge is agitated and aerated to hasten the breakdown of organic matter in sewage.The activated sludge is settled out of the treated wastewater and is returned to the process as needed to seed the process,while the remainder is pumped to the sludge digesters. Adsorption (1)The adherence of a gas, liquid, or dissolved material on the surface of a solid. (2)An increase in concentration of gas or solute at the interface of a two-phase system. Should not be confused with absorption. Ad Valorem Tax A portion of the basic tax allocated for the benefit of an individual District on the assessed value of land and improvements within its boundaries, exclusive of bonded indebtedness. Advanced Primary Physical chemical treatment that improves primary clarifier efficiency through the use of chemical coagulants to aggregate and remove small particles. v Advanced Waste Treatment Any physical, chemical or biological treatment process used to accomplish a degree of treatment greater than that achieved by secondary treatment, usually including nutrient removal, desalination, disinfection,etc. Aeration The mixing of air and a liquid by one or more of the following methods: (1) spraying the liquid in the air; (2) bubbling air through the liquid; (3) agitating the liquid to promote surface absorption of air. Pure oxygen is sometimes used to increase the rate of removal in secondary treatment processes that use aeration. Aeration Tanks Large basins used to mix and aerate wastewater in the Activated Sludge process. Aerobic Environmental conditions characterized by the presence of dissolved oxygen; used to describe biological or chemical processes that occur in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic Bacteria Bacteria that grow only in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic Digestion The breakdown of suspended and dissolved organic matter in the presence of oxygen. Air Scrubber Used in cleaning air to remove malodorous compounds. Anaerobic A condition in which "free" (atmospheric) or dissolved oxygen is not present in water. Anaerobic Bacteria Bacteria that grow only in the absence of free elemental oxygen. Anaerobic Digestion The degradation of organic matter brought about through the action of microorganisms in the absence of elemental oxygen. vi Aquifer A porous,water-bearing geologic formation of permeable rock,sand or gravel. Generally restricted to materials capable of yielding an appreciable water supply. Assessed Value A portion of the total assessed value of the land and improvements upon which taxes are collected and allocated. Average Daily Flow In wastewater applications,the total flow past a point over a period of time divided by the number of days in that period of time, usually one year. Average Demand The total demand of water during a period of time divided by the number of days in that time period.This is also called the Average Daily Demand. Backflow (1) A flow condition, induced by a differential in pressure,which causes the flow of water or other liquid into the distribution pipes of a potable water supply from any source or sources otherthan its intended source. (2)The backing up of waterthrough a conduit or channel in the direction opposite to normal flow. Bar Screen The first treatment process encountered by water entering a treatment plant.A screen composed of parallel bars, standing vertically and slightly inclined, designed to trap debris from wastewater.The screenings are raked upward automatically. Basin A shallow depression or tank through which liquids may be passed or in which they are detained for treatment or storage. Belt Filter Press A biosolids/sludge dewatering device that applies mechanical pressure to a chemically conditioned slurry, which is sandwiched between two tensioned belts, by passing those belts through a serpentine of decreasing diameter rolls.The machine can actually be divided into three zones: gravity zone,where free draining water is drained by gravity through a porous va belt;wedge zone,where the solids are prepared for pressure application; and pressure zone, where medium, then high pressure is applied to the conditioned solids. Benthic Relating to the bottom or bottom environment of a body of water. Benthos Organisms that live on or in the bottom of bodies of water. Bight A wide gentle curve or indentation of the coast, commonly between two headlands.The Southern California Bight extends from Point Conception south to Cabo Colnett in Baja Mexico.The Los Angeles Bight is roughly a region from Point Fermin to Dana Point. Bioaccumulation General term describing a process by which chemicals are taken up by aquatic organisms from water directly or through consumption of food containing the chemicals. Generally implied is a concentration gradient whereby the tissue concentration reaches hundreds, or thousands of times that in the environment,via an active process of uptake. Bioassay (1) An assay method using a change in biological activity as a quantitative means of analyzing a material's response to biological treatment. (2) A method of determining toxic effects of industrial wastes and other wastewaters by using viable organisms. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (SOD) Abbreviated BOD;the quantity of oxygen needed by bacteria during the biochemical oxidation of organic matter, usually expressed in parts per million.Also,the standard laboratory test used to measure BOD. Biological Filtration The process of passing a liquid through a biological filter containing fixed media on the surfaces of which develop zoogleal films that absorb and adsorb fine, suspended, colloidal, and dissolved solids and release end products of biochemical action. Also called Biofiltration. viil Biological Wastewater Treatment Various forms of wastewater treatment in which bacterial or biochemical action is intensified to stabilize and oxidize the unstable organic matter present. Examples are:trickling filters, sludge digestion, activated sludge processes and sand filters. Biomass The dry or wet mass per unit volume or area of biological material or organisms found by sampling a system. Biosolids Biosolids are nutrient-rich organic matter resulting from the treatment of wastewater. Biosolids result when the suspended and dissolved solids in wastewater(sewage sludge)are settled through the treatment process.These solids are then treated to remove pathogens (germs that cause disease). Biosolids can be recycled and applied directly to farm fields, like fertilizer,to improve and maintain productive soils and stimulate plant growth or processed through various technologies, such as composting, lime stabilization and fuel production. Biosolids Environmental Management System (EMS) A biosolids EMS is a structured approach for managing a biosolids program based on ISO 14001. The biosolids EMS was customized by the National Biosolids Partnership (a partnership between the Water Environment Federation, National Association of Clean Water Agencies, and the Environmental Protection Agency)and developed to help minimize how biosolids management operations impact the environment(cause adverse changes to air, water, or land). In July 2003, OCSD was the first agency in the nation to be certified for a Biosolids EMS. Bonded Debt That portion of the indebtedness of an enterprise represented by outstanding bonds. Butterfly Valve A valve, in which the disk, as it opens or closes, rotates about a spindle supported by the framed of the valve.The valve is opened at a stem.At full opening, the disk is in a position parallel to the axis of the conduit. x Bypassing The diversion of a flow of water or wastewater around processes or structures through which the flow normally passes,often used. Also used to describe the diversion of raw wastewater to a receiving body of water. California Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) The state water quality agency that provides regulatory oversight of various water quality activities including the operation of the Sanitation Districts' wastewater management program. (See RWQCB) California Ocean Plan Also known as the Water Quality Control Plan for Ocean Waters of California. First approved in 1972,the Ocean Plan was revised in 1977, 1983, 1987 and 1990. It sets ocean water quality objectives for pollutants; proscribes general requirements for management of waste discharge to the ocean; sets effluent quality requirements for waste dischargers; and prohibits discharges of specific contaminants. Capital Assets Assets of a relatively permanent nature. Capital Expenditures Expenditures which result in the acquisition of, or the addition to,capital (or fixed) assets. Capital Facilities Connection Charge The one-time payment of a fee, imposed by the Board of Directors to pay for the future costs of constructing new sewerage collection,treatment, and disposal facilities;the replacement, rehabilitation, or reconstruction of existing facilities; and as a contributive share of the cost of the existing facilities. Said charge shall be paid by all property owners at the time they develop the property and connect directly or indirectly to the District sewerage facilities as a new system user. This charge is expressly authorized by the provisions of California Health and Safety Code Sections 5471 and 5474. x Capital Facilities Replacement Service Charge A charge imposed on a user of the treatment works, pursuant to Sections 302.6(F)2, 303.6(F)2 or 304.6(B)2 of this Ordinance, which may be used to recover the costs of operation and maintenance,which charges shall be allocated to the District's Operating Fund. CenGen Central Power Generation Centrifugal Pump A pump consisting of an impeller fixed on a rotating shaft and enclosed in a casing, and having an inlet and a discharge connection.The rotating impeller creates pressure in the liquid by the velocity derived from centrifugal force. Change Orders Documents issued by the buyer to the contractor to change the amount of work to be performed within the general scope of the contract. Charge For Use A charge established and levied by the District upon residential, commercial and industrial users in proportion to the use of the treatment works by their respective class, providing for the operation and maintenance expenses, capital facilities rehabilitation or replacement, and adequate reserves for the sewage treatment works. Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) A quantitative measure of the amount of oxygen required for the chemical oxidation of carbonaceous (organic) material in wastewater using inorganic dichromate or permanganate salts as oxidants in a two-hour test. Chemical Treatment Any wastewater treatment process involving the addition of chemicals to obtain a desired result such as precipitation, coagulation,flocculation,sludge conditioning, disinfection or odor control. Chironomldae Common trickling filter fly, non-biting midges Xi Chlorination The application of chlorine compounds to wastewater generally for the purpose of disinfection, but frequently for chemical oxidation and odor control. Chlorine residual is toxic to organisms (fish) and may be controlled by dechlorination processes, e.g., by adding sulfur oxide. Chlorine An element ordinarily existing as a greenish-yellow gas 2.5 times as heavy as air.At atmospheric pressure and a temperature of-30.1 degrees Fahrenheit,the gas becomes an amber liquid about 1.5 times as heavy as water.The chemical symbol is Cl, its atomic weight is 35.457, and its molecular weight is 70,914. Chlorination The application of chlorine or chlorine compounds to wastewater generally for the purpose of disinfection, but frequently for chemical oxidation and odor control. Chlorine residual is toxic to organisms (fish) and may be controlled by dechlorination processes, e.g., by adding sulfur dioxide. Clarifier Any large circular or rectangular sedimentation tank or basin used to remove settleable solids from wastewater. Class A Biosolids Material that has met the Class A pathogen reduction requirements or equivalent treatment by a Process to Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRP) in accordance with 40 CFR 503. Processes include composting, heat drying, heat treatment,thermophilic aerobic digestion, beta or gamma ray irradiation and pasteurization. Class B Biosolids Material that has met the Class B pathogen reduction requirements or equivalent treatment by a Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens(PSRP) in accordance with 40 CFR 503. Processes include aerobic digestion, composting, anaerobic digestion, lime stabilization and air drying. xll Class I User Any user who discharges wastewater that: (1) is subject to Federal Categorical Pretreatment Standards; or(2) averages 25,000 gallons per day or more of regulated process wastewater; or(3) is determined by the General Manager to have a reasonable potential for adversely affecting the Districts' operation or for violating any pretreatment standard, local limit, or discharge requirement; or(4) may cause, as determined by the General Manager, pass through or interference with the District sewerage facilities. Class 11 User Any industrial user whose charge for use is greater than the ad valorem tax basic levy allocated to the District, exclusive of debt service,that discharges wastes other than sanitary, and that is not otherwise required to obtain a Class I permit. Class III User Any user that discharges only sanitary waste and whose charge for use is greater than the ad valorem tax basic levy allocated to the District, exclusive of debt service, and is not otherwise required to obtain a Class I or Class II permit. Unless otherwise stipulated in the permit, Class III users shall be considered discharging a domestic waste equivalent for BOD and suspended solids. Clean Water Act(Pt92-500) Federal legislation originally passed in 1972 that sets national water quality goals and standards, and establishes a regulatory basis for industrial source control, wastewater treatment, environmental testing and monitoring, sludge management and urban and agricultural runoff control. (Amended in 1977, 1978, 1980, 1985) Clean Water Grant Program A program, administrated by the Division of Water Quality of the Regional Water Quality Control Board of the State of California,through which the grantees in the State of California receive state and federal grant funds for the construction of wastewater facilities.This program has been discontinued and grant funds are no longer available. It has been replaced with a revolving loan program that is partially funded by Congress and administered by most states. xii] Coagulant An agent that causes solids in wastewater to conglomerate into a coherent mass, as an aid to removal by sedimentation or filtration. Coagulation The conversion of colloidal (0.001 mm) and dispersed (0.001 to 0.1 mm) particles into larger particles(0.1 to 1 mm) by the addition of a chemical coagulant. Coliform One type of bacteria always present in raw sewage.The presence of non-pathogenic coliform-group bacteria is an indication of the presence of possible pathogenic contamination. Fecal coliforms are those coliforms found in the feces of various warm-blooded animals; whereas the term "coliform" also includes other non-pathogenic types. Composting This is the process in which solid organic materials are decomposed in the presence of oxygen through the action of bacteria and other microorganisms. Dewatered biosolids are mixed with sawdust or wood chips that act as bulking agent by absorbing water and increasing the porosity of the mixture.This mix is then composted and cured for a minimum of six weeks. High temperatures(103 degrees to 150 degrees Fahrenheit) generated during this process pasteurize the mixture.A peat like product is the end result. Composted biosolids are easier to handle, store and use than liquid and dewatered biosolids. Collection System A system of conduits, generally underground pipes,which receives and conveys sewage to a central point for treatment. Combined Sewer A sewer designed to receive both wastewater and storm water. OCSD does not operate a combined sewer system. VV Compatible Pollutant A combination of biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, pH,fecal coliform bacteria, plus other pollutants that the District's treatment facilities are designed to accept and/or remove. Compatible pollutants may become non-compatible when discharged in quantities that have an adverse effect on the District's system or NPDES permit,or when discharged in qualities or quantities violating any Federal Categorical Pretreatment Standard, local limit, or other discharge requirement. Composite Sample A combination of individual samples of water or wastewater taken at preselected intervals to minimize the effect of the variability of an individual sample. Individual subsamples may be of equal volume or may be proportional to the flow at any time of sampling. Composting The aerobic biological decomposition of the organic constituents of waste under controlled conditions into a stable, humus-like product whose chief use is as a soil conditioner. Concentration (1)The amount of a given substance dissolved in a discrete unit volume of solution or applied to a unit weight of solid. (2)The process of increasing the dissolved solids per unit volume of solution, usually by evaporation of the liquid. (3)The process of increasing the suspended solids per unit volume of sludge as by sedimentation, dewatering. Conductivity A measure of water's ability to conduct an electric current,which is directly related to the total dissolved salts(ions) in the water. Connection Permit A permit issued by the District and/or a local city or agency, upon payment of a capital facilities connection charge, authorizing the permittee to connect directly to a District sewerage facility or to a sewer which ultimately discharges into a District sewerage facility. Conventional Treatment Well-known or well-established wastewater treatment processes; it generally consists of primary and secondary treatment, and does not include advanced or tertiary treatment. xv Corrosion The gradual deterioration or destruction of a substance or material by chemical action, frequently induced by electrochemical processes.The action proceeds inward from the surface. Cross Connection A connection between a supervised potable water supply and an unsupervised supply of unknown potability,through which the supply of potable water could be contaminated. Dechlorination The partial or complete reduction of residual chlorine by any chemical or physical process. Deep Well Injection Discharge of treated wastewater through a properly designed well,either by gravity or pumping, into a pervious geological stratum. Well depth may range from a few hundred to several thousand feet. Degradation The breakdown of substances by biological action.Also used to define an unacceptable ecological condition caused by"pollution". Degree of Treatment A measure of the removal effected by treatment processes with reference to solids, organic matter, BOD, bacteria or any other specified parameter. Detention Time The period of time that a water or wastewater flow is retained in a basin,tank, or reservoir for storage or completion of physical, chemical, or biological reaction.See also contact time, retention time. Dewatering, dewatered biosolids A process used to remove water from biosolids producing dewatered biosolids that contain equal to or greater than 20 percent dry solids. xvl Diffuser A porous plate,tube, or other device through which air is forced and divided into minute bubbles for diffusion in liquids. Commonly made of carborundum, alundum, metal, or plastic materials. Discharge Permit Formal authorization, issued by a state or federal regulatory agency stipulating conditions under which effluent may be released into the environment. Disinfection The process designed to kill most microorganisms in water, including essentially all pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria.There are several ways to disinfect, with chlorine being the most frequently used in water treatment. Dissolved Oxygen The oxygen dissolved in water,wastewater, or other liquid, usually expressed in milligrams per liter, or percent of saturation. Abbreviated DO. Detention Time The theoretical period of time that a wastewater flow is retained in a basin,tank or reservoir for storage or completion of physical, chemical or biological reaction.A function of total flow, and total volume. Dewatered Sludge The solid residue remaining after removal of water from a wet sludge by draining or filtering. Dewatering is distinguished from thickening in that dewatered sludge may be transported by solids handling procedures. Dewatering The process of partially removing water; may refer to removal of water from a basin,tank, reservoir, or other storage unit, or to separation of water from solid material. xvii Diffused Aeration Injection of air under pressure through submerged perforated plates, pipes, membranes, or other devices to form small, medium or coarse air bubbles from which oxygen is transferred to the liquid as the bubbles rise to the water surface. Digester A tank or other vessel for the storage and anaerobic or aerobic decomposition of organic matter present in sludge. Digestion (1)The biological decomposition of organic matter in sludge resulting in partial liquefaction, mineralization and volume reduction. (2)The process carried out in a digester. Dilution Disposal of wastewater or treated effluent by discharge to a receiving water by dispersion (depending on both volume and flow) with resulting reduction in concentrations of constituents,while accounting for background levels and natural assimilation processes. Discharge Permit Formal authorization, issued by a state or federal regulatory agency stipulating conditions under which effluent may be released into the environment. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) An activated sludge thickening process in which air bubbles emerging(under pressure)from a supersaturated solution become attached to suspended solids in the liquid undergoing treatment and Float them up to the surface. Sometimes, certain organic polymers are used in Dissolved Air Flotation Thickeners (DAFTs) to aid in thickening and solids removal. Dissolved Oxygen Abbreviated DO; The amount of oxygen dissolved in water or other liquids, usually expressed as mg/I (in sanitary engineering)or in percent saturation, which is a function of temperature and pressure. "Fit Dissolved Solids Solids in solution that cannot be removed by filtration. Also, the amount of such solids; for example, NaCl and other salts,whose amounts must be determined by evaporation. District(s) Formerly, any individual County Sanitation District or combination of Districts Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, or 14 of Orange County that were included in the Joint Administrative Organization. Diurnal Fluctuation Any daily variation in wastewater characteristics such as flow, BOD or suspended solids. Diversion Any deliberate change in the normal destination of a flow, or in the routing of such flow, in a piping or trunkline system. Domestic Wastewater Wastewater derived principally from dwellings, business buildings, institutions and the like. It may or may not contain some groundwater, surface water or storm water. Drinking Water Standards Standards that define the allowable concentrations of coliforms and certain chemicals, physical characteristics and radioactivity in drinking water.They are prescribed by federal, state, or local authorities and also contain sampling, monitoring and reporting conditions. Drying Beds Confined, underdrained shallow layers of sand or gravel on which wet sludge is distributed for draining and air drying. Also applied to underdrained, shallow, diked, earthen structures used for drying sludge. Dry Weight Basis Calculated on the basis of having been dried at 105 degrees Celsius until reaching a constant mass(i.e. essentially 100 percent solids). xlx Dry Well A dry compartment in a pumping station, near or below pumping level,where the pumps are located. Effluent (1) Wastewater or other liquid, partially or completely treated,or in its natural state,flowing out of a reservoir, basin,treatment plant or industrial treatment plant or part thereof. (2)An out flowing branch of a main stream or lake. (3)An emission of gas. Enforcement Compliance Schedule Agreement(ECSA) A mutual agreement between the District and permittee amending the permit to require implementation of necessary pretreatment practices and/or installation of equipment to ensure permit compliance. Fecal Coliform Aerobic and facultative, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria capable of growth at 44.5 degrees Celsius, and associated with fecal matter of warm-blooded animals. Ferric Chloride(FeC13) Iron salt used in advanced primary treatment; combines with tiny particles to give them a slight electrical charge. Ferrous Chloride A soluble iron salt, FeC12 Federal Categorical Pretreatment Standards Any regulation containing pollutant discharge limits promulgated by the U.S. EPA in accordance with Sections 307(b) and (c) of the Clean Water Act(33 U.S.C. 1317) which apply to a specific category of industrial users and which appear in 40 CFR Chapter I, Subchapter N, Parts 405-471. Federal Regulations Any applicable provision of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act, as amended,Title 33, United States Code,Section 1251 and following, and any regulation promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Title 40 CFR implementing that act. Filter Flies Small flies which are a common nuisance in trickling filter installations, where their larvae thrive in the damp filter media; most often Psychodae and Anisopodae. Filter Media (1) Material through which water,wastewater,or other liquid is passed for the purpose of purification,treatment,or conditioning. (2)A cloth or metal material of some appropriate design used to intercept sludge solids in sludge filtration. Filter Ponding The formation of ponds on the surface of trickling filters, caused by excessive biofilm growth, media degradation, or inadequate ventilation. Final Effluent The effluent from the final treatment unit of a wastewater treatment plant. Final Settling Tank A tank through which the effluent from a trickling filter or an aeration or contact aeration tank is passed to remove the settleable solids. Force Main A pressure pipe joining the pump discharge at a wastewater pumping station with a point of gravity flow. Foul Air Scrubber An odor control device through which air is passed,that utilizes an adsorption/absorption/oxidation process to absorb and destroy odors, most commonly hydrogen sulfide. Gate Valve A valve in which the closing element consists of a disk that slides over the opening or cross- sectional area through which water passes, and fits tightly against it. Gravity System A system of conduits in which the liquid runs on descending gradients from source to outlet, so that no pumping is required. xxi Grease Skimmer A device for removing floating grease or scum from the surface of wastewater in a tank. Grit The heavy suspended matter present in wastewater, such as dirt,sand, gravel, egg shells and coffee grounds. It is removed in a pretreatment unit called a grit chamber to prevent abrasion and wearing of subsequent treatment devices and to prevent its accumulation in digesters. Grit Chamber A detention chamber or an enlargement of a sewer designed to reduce the velocity of the liquid flow, allowing the separation of mineral from organic solids by differential separation. Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) A joint water reclamation project between the Orange County Water District and the Orange County Sanitation District.This joint project provides 70 million gallons a day of drinking quality water to replenish the local groundwater aquifer. Headworks The initial structures and devices of a wastewater treatment plant through which influent (raw sewage) enters the plant. Heavy Metals Metals with a density greater than 5g/cm3.The heavy metals are the most electronegative metals of the periodic table.Some common examples of heavy metals are cadmium, chromium, copper, gold, lead, mercury, nickel, silver, and zinc. Hydraulic Capacity Maximum rate of flow which a treatment plant is capable of conveying through all units of the process. It shall never be less than the greater of:the rated capacity, or two times the average daily flow. xx71 Hydraulic Loading The amount of wastewater applied to a given treatment process usually expressed as volume per unit time, or volume per unit time per surface area. Hydrogen Peroxide(1-12O2) Powerful oxidizer used in odor control; destroys hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg smell) and attacks the anaerobic bacteria that produce it. Hydrogen Sulfide A toxic and potentially lethal gas (chemical symbol H2S) produced in sewers and digesters by anaerobic decomposition. Hydrogen sulfide also occurs naturally in estuaries, bays, mud flats and submerged canyons and basins, and wherever excessive organic matter is discharged beyond the assimilative capacity of the benthic sediments. Industrial User Any user that discharges industrial wastewater. Industrial Waste Generally liquid, solid or gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products such as metal plating companies.Such wastes are usually more concentrated,variable in content and rate, and require more extensive or different treatment than municipal waste. Industrial Wastewater Treatment Treatment of wastewater by industry to remove toxic or concentrated conventional pollutants. Infectious Waste Materials which are likely to transmit etiologic agents which cause, or significantly contribute to the cause of, increased morbidity or mortality of human beings, as more specifically set forth in Health and Safety Code Section 25117.5. Infiltration The quantity of groundwater,storm water or surface water that leaks into a pipe through joints, porous walls or breaks in the system. Inflow xxiii In relation to sanitary sewers,the extraneous flow which enters a sanitary sewer from sources other than infiltration, such as roof leaders, basement drains, land drains and manhole covers. Influent Wastewater flowing into a treatment plant or treatment process. Influent Metering Structure An underground concrete structure housing four magnetic flow meters and associated piping. Inorganic Waste Waste material such as sand, salt, iron, calcium and other mineral materials which are only slightly affected by their action of organisms. Inorganic wastes are chemical substances of mineral origin;whereas organic wastes are chemical substances of animal or vegetable origin. Interceptor Sewer A sewer that receives dry-weather flow from a number of transverse sewers or outlets and frequently, additional predetermined quantities of storm water(if from a combined sewer system) and conducts such waters to a point for treatment or disposal. Interference Any discharge which, alone or in conjunction with discharges from other sources, inhibits or disrupts the District's treatment processes or operations, or its sludge processes, use,or disposal; or is a cause of violation of the District's NPDES permit or prevents lawful sludge use or disposal. Intermediate Treatment (1)The removal of a high percentage of suspended solids and a substantial percentage of colloidal matter, but little dissolved matter; (2) Wastewater treatment similar to secondary treatment but generally not as complete, resulting in BOD removals of about 60 to 75 percent. xxiv Interceptor Sewer A sewer that receives dry-weather flow from a number of transverse sewers or outlets and frequently, additional predetermined quantities of storm water(if from a combined sewer system) and conducts such waters to a point for treatment or disposal. Inverted Siphon A pipeline crossing a depression or passing under a structure and having a reversal in grade on a portion of the line,thus creating a V-or U-shaped section of conduit.The line is under positive pressure from inlet to outlet and should not be confused with a siphon. Also called a depressed sewer. Joint Administrative Organization The organization which was formed to governs and set policy for the County Sanitation Districts of Orange County(now the Orange County Sanitation District) owing its legal existence to a joint powers provision in the County Sanitation District Act. In Orange County, this was implemented by the 1970 Joint Ownership, Operation and Construction Agreement between the individual Sanitation Districts. Junction Chamber(box) A converging section of a conduit, usually large enough for a person to enter, used to facilitate the flow from one or more conduits into a main conduit. Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) A computer software program to manage laboratory analytical data and samples. Lateral Sewer A sewer that originates form a parcel or property that discharges into a branch or other sewer and has no other common sewer tributary to it. Also,the part of the horizontal piping within a public street or sewer right-of-way,connecting a building sewer to a main sewer Lift Station A structure that contains pumps and appurtenant piping,valves and other mechanical and electrical equipment for pumping wastewater; also called a pump station. xxv Liquor Water,wastewater or any combination thereof; commonly used to designate liquid phase when other phases are present. Local Sewering Agency Any public agency or private corporation responsible for the collection and disposal of wastewater to the District sewerage facilities duly authorized under the laws of the State of California to construct and/or maintain public sewers. Main Sewer In larger systems,the principal sewer to which branch sewers and submains are tributary; also called a trunk sewer. In small systems, a sewer to which one or more branch sewers are tributary. Major Violation A discharge over the permitted discharge limit, as determined by the result of a composite sample analysis, as follows: (1) a discharge exceeding a mass emission limit by 20%or more; or(2) a discharge exceeding a concentration limit by 20%or more; or(3)a pH discharge less than 5.0. Make-up Water Water added to circulating water in a system to replace water lost by evaporation, leakage, or blowdown.Also water or recycled wastewater added to gravity thickening tank influent to produce an artificial water surface overflow rate. Manhole The structure atop an opening in a sewer to permit entry for servicing. Usually placed at all points of change in sewer grade and at least every 300 to 400 feet along the line. Matter, Inorganic Chemical substances of mineral origin. xwi Matter, Organic Chemical substances of mineral or vegetable origin, or more correctly, of basically carbon structure.They include most carbon compounds: most are combustible and many are volatile. Matter, Suspended Solids in suspension in wastewater or effluent; also called suspended solids, SS. Mechanical Aeration The mixing, by mechanical means,of wastewater and activated sludge in the aeration tank of the activated sludge process to bring fresh surfaces of liquid into contact with the atmosphere. Mechanical Agitation The introduction of air or pure oxygen into a liquid by the mechanical action of paddle, paddle wheel, spray or turbine mechanisms. Methane A colorless, odorless,flammable, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, present in natural gas and formed by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter and capable of being used as a low-grade fuel. Methane is used as an energy source in plant engines or is burned in flares. It can also be sold to power engines to drive such things as oil well pumps. Methane Bacteria A specialized group of obligate anaerobic bacteria which decompose organic matter to form methane. Microorganisms/Microbes Microscopic organisms, either plant or animal, invisible or barely visible to the naked eye. Examples are algae, bacteria,fungi, protozoa and viruses. Milligrams per Liter, mg/L A unit of the concentration of water or wastewater constituent. It is 0.001 g of the constituent in 1,000 mL of water. It has replaced the unit formerly used commonly, parts per million,to which it is approximately equivalent, in reporting the results of water and wastewater analysis. xxvii Minor Violation A discharge over the permitted discharge limit as determined by the result of a composite sample analysis, as follows: (1) a discharge exceeding a mass emission limit by less than 20%; or(2) a discharge exceeding a concentration limit by less than 20%; or (3) a pH discharge equal to or greater than 5.0, but less than 6.0; or(4) a pH discharge greater than 12.0. Mixed Liquor A mixture of raw or settled wastewater and activated sludge contained in an aeration tank or basin in the activated sludge process. Mixing Tank A tank or channel designed to provide a thorough mixing of chemicals introduced into liquids or two or more liquids of different characteristics. Municipal Waste (1)The untreated wastewater entering a municipal treatment facility; (2) Generally,the liquid and solid waste originating from a mixture of domestic (household), commercial and industrial sources. National Biosolids Partnership(NBP) An alliance of the National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA) and Water Environment Federation (WEF), with advisory support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). NBP is committed to developing and advancing environmentally sound and sustainable biosolids management practices that go beyond regulatory compliance and promote public participation in order to enhance the credibility of local agency biosolids programs and improved communications that lead to public acceptance. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System(NPDES) The permit issued to control the discharge to surface waters of the United States as detailed in Public Law 92-500,Section 402, as amended commonly referred to as the Clean Water Act). Natural Purification Natural processes occurring in a stream or other body of water which result in a reduction of bacteria concentrations,satisfaction of the BOD via oxidation, stabilization of organic constituents, replacement of depleted dissolved oxygen via re-aeration, and the return of the xxviil biota of the water body to normal.Also called self-purification, a natural process occurring progressively downstream of a discharge. Neutralization (1) Addition of acid or base to a wastewater to obtain a near neutral pH. (2)A reaction in which hydrogen ions from an acid combine with hydroxide atoms from a base to form water. Nitrification Biologically process of the oxidation of ammonium salts to nitrites(via Nitrosomonas bacteria) and the further oxidation of nitrite to nitrate via Nitrobacter bacteria. Nitrobacteria Bacteria capable of oxidizing nitrogenous material. Nitrogen An essential nutrient that is often present in wastewater as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and organic nitrogen.The concentrations that each form and the sum,total nitrogen, are expressed as mg/I elemental nitrogen.Also present in some groundwater as nitrate and in some polluted groundwater in other forms. As a gas,the most abundant element in the atmosphere. Nitrogenous BOD Biochemical oxygen demand associated with the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate. Non-point Pollution Man-made or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological or radiological integrity of water, originating from any source other than a point source. Nonsettleable Solids Suspended matter that will stay in suspension for an extended period of time. Such period may be arbitrarily taken for testing purposes as one hour. xxix Ocean Disposal Ultimate disposal of liquid wastes or sludges by transporting them out to sea and dumping them in deep water. Ocean Outfall Facilities (often pipelines)for the discharge of storm drainage and/or wastewater into the ocean. Conceptual development on the west coast provides for dilution as a solution to pollution.A highly developed, cost-effective and energy efficient solution for those cities near deep,well-mixed coastal waters; less desirable in enclosed bays and estuaries. Odor A characteristic of a substance that is detectable by the human olfactory organs and may contribute to a public nuisance. Odor Control In wastewater treatment,the prevention or reduction of objectionable odors(mostly hydrogen sulfide) by chlorination, aeration, or other processes or by masking with chemical aerosols. Odorous Emissions Odor parameters measured by dynamic dilution olfactometry and odor panels. Odor emissions are expressed as dilution-to-thresholds ratios or odor concentration units. Odor Panel A system for evaluating and quantifying odors, using a group of trained individuals under controlled laboratory conditions,to assess air samples at known dilutions with odor-free air. Odor Units Measure of odor in air. The number of dilutions required so the odor is just at the threshold of detection for half of the sample population. Also referred to as dilutions to threshold (D/T). xxx Off-peak Power That part of the available load or energy which can be produced at off-peak hours outside the load curve when the combined primary and secondary load has fallen below plant capacity. Olfactometer Instrument used for the determination of odor units or dilutions to threshold (d/t).An air sample is connected to the instrument and the sample is diluted with fresh air in differing ratios for presentation to panel members. Operations and Maintenance Service Charge A charge imposed on a user of the sewerage facilities, pursuant to Sections 302.6(F)1, 303.6(F)1, or 304.6(B)1 of this Ordinance, which may be used to recover the costs of operation and maintenance,which charges shall be allocated to the District's Operating Fund. Organic Loading The amount or organic material, usually measured as BODS applied to a given treatment process, expressed as weight per unit time per unit surface area or per unit weight. Organic Matter Chemical substances of animal or vegetable origin,or more correctly, containing carbon and hydrogen. Outfall (1)The point, location, or structure through which wastewater or drainage discharges from a sewer, drain, or other conduit. (2)The conduit leading to the ultimate disposal area. Outfall Sewer A sewer that receives wastewater from a collection system or from a treatment plant and carries it to a point of final discharge. Overall Efficiency Pump The combined efficiency of a pump and motor together. Also called the wire-to-water efficiency. xxxi Overflow Rate One of the criteria for the design of settling tanks in treatment plants; expressed in gallons per day per square foot of surface area in the settling tank. Overflow Weir Any device or structure over which any excess water beyond capacity of the conduit or container is allowed to flow or waste. Oxidation (1)The chemical reaction in which the valence of an element increases due to the loss of electrons from that element, oxygen is added and either a hydrogen or electron is removed. (2)The conversion of organic substances to simpler, more stable forms by either chemical or biological means. Oxidized Wastewater Wastewater in which the organic matter has been stabilized. Oxidizing Agent Any substance such as oxygen (02) or chlorine (02),which will readily add (take on) electrons. The opposite is a reducing agent. Oxygen A chemical element necessary for biological oxidation. It comprises approximately 20%of the atmosphere. See also dissolved oxygen. Oxygen Activated Sludge Similar to waste activated sludge except in its use of oxygen rather than air to saturate and pressurize water; used in biological treatment at Plant 2; allows a small plant to treat large amounts of wastewater. Oxygen Demand The quantity of oxygen utilized in the oxidation of substances in a specified time, at a specified temperature and under specified conditions. xxzii Oxygen Depletion Loss of dissolved oxygen from water or wastewater resulting from biochemical or chemical action. Oxygen, Dissolved (DO) The oxygen dissolved in a liquid, usually expressed in milligrams per liter or percentage of saturation. Parts per Billion (ppb) The number of weight or volume units of a minor constituent present with each one billion units of a solution or mixture. The more specific term micrograms per liter(µg/L) is preferred. Parts per Million (ppm) The number of weight or volume units of a minor constituent present with each one billion units of a solution or mixture. The more specific term milligrams per liter(mg/L) is preferred. Pathogens Pathogenic or disease producing organisms including various bacteria,viruses, protozoa,fungi and parasites. Pathogenic Organisms Organisms, including bacteria,viruses or cysts, capable of causing diseases (typhoid, cholera, dysentery) in a host(human). There are many types of organisms that do not cause disease (nonpathogenic). Pathogens Pathogenic or disease-causing organisms Peak (1)The maximum quantity that occurs over a relatively short period of time. Also called peak demand, peak load. (2)The highest load carried by an electric generating system during any specific period. It is usually expressed in kilowatts. xxxiii Peak Flow The maximum or highest flow of wastewater entering the plant each day, expressed in mgd; in our case, a period of time usually lasting from about noon to midnight each day. Peak Load (1)The maximum demand for water placed on a pumping station,treatment plant, or distribution system, expressed as a rate. (2)The maximum rate of flow of wastewater to a pumping station or treatment plant.Also called peak demand. Percolation The flow or trickling of a liquid downward through a contact or filtering medium.The liquid may or may not fill the pores of the filtering medium. Permittee An individual, partnership,firm, association, corporation or public agency who has received a permit to discharge wastewater pollutants into the Districts'sewerage system subject to the requirements and conditions established by the District. Pesticides Those compounds classified as such under Federal or State law or regulations including, but not limited to those listed in Section 209.8.4. Peak Demand The maximum momentary load placed on a water treatment plant, pumping station, or distribution system. This demand is usually the maximum average load in 1 hour or less, but may be specified as instantaneous or with some other short time period. Percolation The movement(normally downward) of water through and out of the soil.This downward movement accentuates the leaching process. Plant Hydraulic Capacity The level of flow into a plant above which the system is hydraulically overloaded. xxxiv Point Source Any discernable, confined or discrete conveyance from which pollutants are or may be discharged, including, but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel,tunnel, conduit,well, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft. Point Source Any discernable, confined or discrete conveyance from which pollutants are or may be discharged, including, but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel,tunnel, conduit,well, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft. Pollutant Any constituent or characteristic of wastewaters on which a discharge limitation may be imposed either by the Districts or the regulatory bodies empowered to regulate the Districts. Pollution (1) Specific impairment of the quality of water, air or land by agricultural, domestic or industrial wastes (including thermal and nuclear wastes)to a degree that has an adverse effect upon any beneficial use of the environments affected. (2)The addition to the water, air or land of any material which diminishes the optimal use of the environments by the population, and has an adverse effect on the various environments as well as the health of organisms (including humans) inhabiting those environments. Polymer Synthetic organic compound with a high molecular weight and composed of repeating chemical units called monomers; they may be polyelectrolytes, such as water-soluble flocculants or water-insoluble ion exchange resins, or insoluble uncharged materials such as those used for plastic or plastic-lined pipe and plastic trickling filter media. Population Equivalent The estimated population which would contribute a given amount of a specific waste parameter(BOD, suspended solids,flow); usually applied to industrial waste. Domestic wastewater contains material that consumes, on the average,0.17 lb (0.08 kg)of oxygen per capita per day. as measured by the standard BOD test. For example, if an industry discharges my 1,000 pounds (454 kg)of BOD per day, its waste is equivalent to the domestic wastewater from 6,000 persons(1,000/0.17 = approx. 6,000). Porter Cologne Water Quality Control Act The basic water quality protection law in California which established the State and Regional Water Quality Control Boards and set up the mechanism for developing and enforcing water quality protection regulations. Post Treatment Treatment of finished wastewater for the purpose of further enhancing or protecting its quality. Potable Water Water that does not contain objectionable pollution, contamination, minerals or infective agents and is considered satisfactory for domestic consumption. Preliminary Treatment (1)The conditioning of waste at its source before discharge into a sewer system, to remove or to neutralize substances injurious to sewers and subsequent treatment processes or to effect a partial reduction in load on the treatment process; (2) Unit operations,such as screening, comminution and grit removal that prepare the wastewater for further primary or secondary treatment. Pressure Main Pressurized sewer lines that deliver wastewater from a pumping station to a treatment plant, a receiving stream, or a higher point in the system; also called a force main. Pretreatment (1) Any wastewater treatment process that precedes primary treatment; may include aeration, equalization, pH adjustment,grit removal, grease removal, screening, skimming, comminution (grinding), or other processes. (2)The treatment of industrial wastewater at its source before discharge to municipal collection systems. Industrial pretreatment involves treatment of industrial wastes on-site to remove toxic materials or concentrated conventional pollutants. xxxvi Pretreatment Facility Any works or devices that the General Manager determines are appropriate to treat, restrict, or prevent the flow of industrial wastewater prior to discharge into a public sewer. Primary Effluent The liquid portion of wastewater leaving primary treatment. Primary Settling Tank The first settling tank(or basin)for the removal of settleable solids through which wastewater is passed in a treatment works. Primary Sludge Raw sludge which consists of raw wastewater solids removed in the primary sedimentation basins, but which has not yet undergone bacterial decomposition (digested sludge). Primary Treatment (1)The first major treatment process in a wastewater treatment facility, usually sedimentation but not biological oxidation. (2)The removal of a substantial amount of suspended matter but little or no colloidal and dissolved matter. (3) Wastewater treatment processes usually consisting of clarification with or without physical chemical treatment to accomplish solid-liquid separation. Primary Treatment Ferric Chloride Facility Houses two 21,000 gallon above-ground ferric chloride storage tanks (ferric chloride is used in the wastewater process as a settling aid for advanced primary treatment and odor control) and six chemical feed pumps for dosing. Priority Pollutants An EPA designated list of 126 organics (pesticides, herbicides,solvents, etc.) and trace and heavy metals. Private Sewer A sewer privately owned and used by one or more properties. xxxvii Protozoa Small, one-celled animals including amoebae,ciliates, and flagellates. Rate Capacity Maximum rate of sewage flow which a treatment plant is capable of treating on a long-term basis to attain a specified effluent quality.The rate capacity is determined by the maximum 24-hour dry weather flow. Raw Wastewater Wastewater before it receives any treatment; also called raw sewage. Receiving Water A river, lake, ocean or other body of water or watercourse into which wastewater or treated effluent is discharged. Reclamation Plant No. 1 The treatment plant in Fountain Valley, so called because it provides treated secondary effluent to the Orange County Water District for reclamation. Reclaimed Wastewater Wastewater used for some beneficial purpose, usually some degree of treatment tailored for the specific intended purpose. Regulatory Agencies Those agencies having jurisdiction over the operation of the District including, but not limited to,the following: (1) United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX,San Francisco and Washington, DC (EPA); or(2) California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB); or (3) California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Santa Ana Region (RWQCB); or (4)South Coast Air Quality Management District(SCAQMD); or(5)California Department of Health Services(DOHS). Regulatory Compliance Schedule Agreement(RCSA) An agreement between the District and permittee requiring the permittee to implement pretreatment practices and/or install equipment to ensure compliance with future revised categorical pretreatment standards or revised discharge limits. xxxvlii Residual Chlorine Chlorine remaining in water or wastewater at the end of a specified contact period as combined or free chlorine. Residuals The solids entering the plant in the influent water, generated in the coagulation and flocculation phase, and wasted during the filtration backwash and filter-to-waste. The residuals are the waste generated at the treatment plant from the treatment process. Resistance The property of a conductor or wire that opposes passage of a current, causing electrical energy to be transformed into heat. Retention Time The length of time water or wastewater is held in a unit for treatment. Also known as detention time. Returned Sludge (1) Settled activated sludge that is returned to mix with incoming raw or primary settled wastewater for purposes of inoculation; (2) Biomass produced in the activated sludge process that is recycled to the head of the process to promote more complete biological oxidation. Rising Sludge Rising sludge occurs in the secondary clarifiers of activated sludge plants when the sludge settles to the bottom of the clarifier, is compacted, and then starts to rise to the surface because of gas production in the compacted blanket. Sanitary Sewage Home wastewater that contains human wastes; the major fraction of municipal wastewater. Sanitary Sewer A sewer that carries liquid and waterborne wastes from residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions,together with minor quantities of ground, storm, and surface waters that are not admitted intentionally. xxxix Sanitary Waste Domestic wastewater, human excrement and gray water(household showers, dishwashing operations, etc.). Sanitation (1)The act or process of making sanitary. (2)The promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by maintenance of sanitary conditions. (3)A general program of environmental health designed to protect a safe source and safe distribution of potable water and proper collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater. Santa Ana River Basin Section (SARBS) The local section of the CWEA for treatment plant operators and technicians to exchange information and ideas. Santa Ana River Interceptor(SARI) A major trunk sewer owned and operated by OCSD and the Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority. Under contract,the SARI line connects to capacity provided by OCSD sewer trunk lines. SARI starts in the highly urbanized portions of western San Bernardino and Riverside Counties and ends with connection to an OCSD interceptor. Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority (SAWPA) An administrative authority that jointly constructed and shares ownership with OCSD in the major trunk sewer, known as the Santa Ana River Interceptor(SARI). Schedule of Compliance A schedule of remedial measures including an enforceable sequence of actions or operations leading to compliance with an effluent limitation, other limitation, prohibition or standard. Scour (1)The action of a flowing liquid as it lifts and carries away the material on the sides or bottom of a waterway, conduit, or pipeline. (2)The enlargement of a flow section of a waterway through the action of the fluid in motion carrying away the material composing the boundary. xl Secondary Effluent (1)The liquid portion of wastewater leaving secondary treatment; (2)An effluent that contains not more than 30 mg/I each of BODS and suspended solids. Secondary Sludge Sometimes referred to as biological sludge. Sludge that consists mainly of excess microorganisms produced in the activated sludge and trickling filter processes. Secondary Treatment (1) Generally, a level of treatment that produces removal efficiencies for BOD and SS of 85%; (2) Sometimes used interchangeably with the concept of biological wastewater treatment, especially the activated sludge process. Commonly applied to treatment that consists chiefly of clarification followed by a biological process with separate sludge collecting and handling. Sedimentation Also called settling. (1)The process of subsidence and deposition of suspended matter carried by water, wastewater or other liquids by gravity. It is usually accomplished by reducing the velocity of the flow below the point at which it can transport the suspended material. May be enhanced by coagulation and flocculation; (2)Solid-liquid separation resulting from the application of an external force, usually settling in a clarifier under the force of gravity. It can be variously classified as discrete,flocculent, hindered and zone sedimentation. Sedimentation Basin A basin or tank in which wastewater containing settleable solids is retained to remove by gravity a part of the suspended matter.Also called sedimentation basin, settling basin, clarifier or settling tank. Septic A condition produced by bacteria when all oxygen supplies are depleted. If severe, bottom deposits and water turn black, give off foul odors, and the water has a greatly increased chlorine demand. Septic (1) Anaerobic; (2) Putrid, rotten, foul smelling; anaerobic. xli Septic Tank An underground vessel for treating wastewater from a single dwelling or building by a combination of settling and anaerobic digestion. Effluent is usually disposed of by leaching. Settled solids are pumped out periodically and hauled to a treatment facility for disposal. Septic Waste Any sewerage from holding tanks such as chemical toilets, campers,trailers, and septic tanks. Service Charge The rate charged by the utility for rendering service, usually used as a ready-to-serve charge. Service Connection A pipeline, with its appurtenances, which branches off or connects a sewer with a main premises. Also called a sewer lateral. Settling Time The time necessary for the removal, by gravity separation or precipitation, of suspended or colloidal substances. Sewage The total organic waste and wastewater that contains human waste and is generated by residential and commercial establishments. Distinguished from, but often combined with industrial wastewater. Sewage Particulates Particles of sewage grease ranging in size from small flakes to large grease balls more than an inch in diameter. Color varies from white to grey. Occasionally found along the shoreline, especially prior to the installation of long, deep-water outfalls. Sewage particulates are a product of sewage digestion of solids and grease. Sewage Rate A charge or a schedule of charges for the collection, or the collection and treatment of wastewater to users who are connected to the system. It may be based on water consumption,wastewater flow,strength of wastewater, number and types of plumbing fixtures, some combination of these,or a rate based on other considerations such as a percentage of tax assessment, property value or some other fixed value. xli] Sewage Treatment Plant The central facility of wastewater treatment facilities which contains all treatment processes exclusive of the collection system. Sewer A pipe or conduit that carries wastewater or drainage water. Sewer District/Sanitation District A public organization created and operating under statute for the purpose of financing, constructing and operating a wastewater management system. Sewer Gas A gas mixture of variable composition produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in sewers and manholes. It contains high percentages of carbon dioxide and varying amounts of methane, hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide, and may be both dangerous to inhale and explosive. Sewer Outfall The outlet or structure through which wastewater is finally discharged. Sewer Service Charges Monetary rates used by municipalities, sanitary districts and authorities for obtaining the revenue to construct, operate and maintain wastewater collection systems and treatment facilities. Sewer System Collectively, all of the property involved in the operation of a sewer utility. It includes all the land,wastewater lines and appurtenances, pumping stations,treatment works and general property. Often referred to as a sewerage system. Sludge The accumulated settled, mostly organic solids deposited from sewage or industrial wastes, raw or treated, in tanks or basins, and containing more or less water,forming a semi liquid mass. Also any solid material containing varying degrees of entrained water collected during water or wastewater treatment. Raw sludge had been disposed on the East Coast in the ocean via barges and has led to environmental problems. Well digested,stabilized sludges can be xliii easily recycled, composted, land applied, and in some cases,safely disposed in deep submarine canyons. Sludge Cake Wastewater solids that have been sufficiently dewatered to form a semisolid mass. Sludge Dewatering Usually restricted to mechanical or gravity processes that remove part of the water in sludge by methods such as draining on sand beds, evaporation, pressing between large porous belts, centrifuging,vacuum filtration, passing between rollers,or plate and frame filter presses. Dewatering is defined as reducing sludge from a liquid or semi liquid state to a "spadable" semisolid condition rather than merely changing the density of the liquid (concentration) on the one hand or drying(as in a kiln) on the other. Sludge Digestion The process by which organic or volatile material in sludge is gasified, liquefied, mineralized or converted into more stable organic matter through the activity of microbes. Sludge Drying Bed An area comprising natural or artificial layers of porous material, usually sand, on which digested wastewater sludge is dried by drainage and evaporation.A sludge bed may be open to the atmosphere or covered, usually with a greenhouse-type superstructure. Also called a sludge bed. Sludge Thickener A type of sedimentation tank in which the sludge is permitted to settle, usually equipped with scrapers traveling along the bottom of the tank which push the settled sludge to a sump from which it is removed by gravity or settling. Sludge Treatment The processing of wastewater sludges to render them innocuous.This may be done by anaerobic or aerobic digestion, followed by drying on sand beds,filtering, incineration,wet air oxidation, composting, solidification, chemical fixation, etc. Sodium Hydroxide xliv A strong caustic chemical used in the treatment process to neutralize acidity, increase alkalinity, or to raise the pH value. Also known as caustic soda, sodium hydrate, lye, and white caustic.The chemical symbol is NaOH. Sodium Hypochlorite A water solution of sodium hydroxide and chlorine, in which sodium hypochlorite is the essential ingredient. Solids In water and wastewater treatment, any dissolved, suspended, or volatile substance contained in or removed from water or wastewater. Solid Waste Discarded material, such as garbage, refuse,sludge and scrap that is most commonly landfilled, but may be incinerated, recycled or composted depending on the material and local conditions. Source Control The reduction, treatment and control of heavy metals, high BOD and non-compatible industrial wastes at their source prior to being discharged into the sewer system. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority(SCCWRP) A marine ecological research organization originally formed in 1969 and funded by OCSD and four other wastewater treatment agencies in Southern California to study the effects of man's behavior on the marine environment, especially the discharge of treated domestic and industrial waste into the ocean. Special Assessments A direct tax levy assessed against property to pay for improvements that ordinarily are a direct benefit to the property itself. Special Purpose User Any discharger who is granted a Special Purpose Discharge Permit by the District to discharge unpolluted water, storm runoff, or groundwater to the District's sewerage facilities. Surcharge XIV (1)The height of wastewater in a sewer manhole above the crown of the sewer when the sewer is flowing completely full; (2) Loads on a system beyond those normally anticipated; (3) An extra monetary charge imposed especially on flows into a wastewater collection system when set quantity or quality limits are exceeded. Surface Aeration The absorption of air through the surface of a liquid. Surfactant A surface-active agent such as sodium alkyl benzene sulfate (ABS)or linear alkyl sulfonate (LAS)that concentrates at interfaces,forms micelles, increases solution, lowers surface tension, increases adsorption and may decrease flocculation. Soap is a common example. Surge Tower A large cylindrical concrete tower, open to the atmosphere, located on the shore end of the ocean outfall, which dampens hydraulic surges in the outfall.As treated wastewater passes through the outfall, it generates a considerable momentum. If a booster station pump were to shutdown,the water in the outfall would continue to move through the pipe for approximately 10 minutes, whereupon sea water would then reenter the pipe and cause a backflow surge toward the pump station.The surge tower absorbs (or dampens)the hydraulic pressure in the pipe as the backflow reaches the pump station, thereby preventing the outfall pipe from being damaged. Suspended Solids (1) Insoluble solids that eitherfloat on the surface of, or are in suspension, in wastewater. (2) Solid organic or inorganic particles (colloidal, dispersed, coagulated, flocculated) physically held in suspension by agitation or flow. (3)The quantity of material removed from wastewater in a laboratory test as prescribed in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" and referred to as nonfilterable residue. Tertiary Treatment The treatment of wastewater beyond the secondary or biological stage.This term normally implies the removal of nutrients,such as phosphorous and nitrogen, and a high percentage of suspended solids. The term tertiary treatment is now being replaced with a preferable term, advanced waste treatment. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) xlvi The sum of all dissolved solids (volatile and nonvolatile) in a wastewater. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) A mix of silts and organic waste particles, tinier than grains of sand, which give raw sewage its cloudy appearance.These suspended solids are largely removed (85%or more)from wastewater by secondary treatment. Treatment Plant The central portion of the water treatment facility that contains various treatment processes exclusive of distribution of water. Treatment Plant No. 2 The wastewater treatment plant located on Brookhurst Street in Huntington Beach. Trickling Filter A large basin filled with synthetic media over which wastewater from a primary sedimentation basin is distributed.A zoogleal slime--a gelatinous mass created by growing bacteria--forms on the material and the organic compounds dissolved in the wastewater are oxidized as they trickle down through the bed. Trickling Filter Media Rocks or other durable materials that make up the body of the filter. Synthetic (manufactured) materials are now used almost exclusively in all new trickling filters. Trunk Sewer A sewer that receives many tributary branches and serves a large territory or population. Turbidity (1) A condition in wastewater caused by the presence of suspended matter resulting in the scattering and absorption of light. (2)An analytical quantity usually reported in turbidity units determined by measurements of light scattering. (3)The churning up of sediment by water, forming a dense, heavy flow,the sediment remaining in suspension, especially as related to bottom currents on the ocean floor.Turbidity cannot be directly equated with suspended solids because white particles reflect more light than dark-colored particles, and many small particles reflect more light than an equivalent large particle. Unit Cost xlvii The cost of a unit product of service;for example,the cost of pumping a million gallons of wastewater, or the cost to provide wastewater treatment service to a single-family dwelling. User The party who is billed, usually for sewer service from a single connection; has no reference to the number of persons served; also called customer. User Charge Charge made to users of water and wastewater systems for services supplied. User Fees Local government revenue sources based upon charges made to persons who use local government services such as sewer service charges. Utility A public or private concern engaged in the performance of some useful service, such as furnishing water,gas, electricity, or sewer facilities. Such a concern usually has a monopoly position in providing its service to a defined geographical area. Utility Water For equipment seal water systems, process uses, and miscellaneous wash down locations. Valve (1) A device installed in a pipeline to control the magnitude and direction of the flow. It consists essentially of a shell and a disk or plug fitted into the shell. (2) In a pump, a waterway, passage through which is controlled by a mechanism. Valve Box A metallic or concrete box or vault set over a valve stem and rising to the ground surface,to allow access to the stem in opening and closing the valve.A cover is usually provided at the surface to keep out dirt and debris. xlvin Valve Stem The rod by means of which a valve is opened or closed;the rod lifts and pushes down the gate. Waiver(301(h)) EPA regulatory program for waiver of full secondary treatment mandated by the U.S. Congress in 1977 as Section 301(h) of PL 95-217 as part of the 1977 amendment to the Clean Water Act of 1972 (PL 92-500). Waste (1) Something that is superfluous or rejected; something that can no longer be used for its original purpose. (2)Any solid, liquid or gaseous emission that results from human activity. Waste Activated Sludge(WAS) Solids removed from the activated sludge process to prevent an excessive build-up in the system. Waste Treatment (1) A series of chemical, physical or biological processes to remove dissolved and suspended solids from wastewater before discharge. (2)Any process to which wastewater or industrial waste is subjected to make it suitable for subsequent use or acceptable for discharge to the environment. (3) In a broader sense,this term encompasses both solid waste and liquid waste. Wastehauler Any person carrying on or engaging in vehicular transport of waste as part of, or incidental to, any business for the purpose of discharging said waste into the District's system. Wastewater The spent or used water of a community or industry which contains human, industrial and commercial waste and other dissolved or suspended organic and inorganic matter. Wastewater Analysis The determination of the physical features, chemical composition and biological condition of wastewater samples. xlix Wastewater Charge A service charge made for providing wastewater collection,treatment and disposal service.A specific charge, in contrast to an ad valorem tax to pay for such services. Wastewater Collection System The sewer and plumbing system used for the collection and conveyance of domestic, commercial and industrial wastewater. Wastewater Composition (1) The concentrations of the various solid, liquid and gaseous constituents of wastewater. (2) The chemical, biological and physical characteristics of the solid and liquid constituents of wastewater and their relationships. Wastewater Constituents and Characteristics The individual chemical, physical, bacteriological, and radiological parameters, including volume and flow rate and such other parameters that serve to define, classify or measure the quality and quantity of wastewater. Wastewater Discharge Regulations The Districts' document also referred to as the "Ordinance" that contains the Districts' requirements, conditions, and limitations for connecting and discharging to the sewer system, as may be amended or modified. Wastewater Disposal The act of disposing wastewater by any method. Not synonymous with wastewater treatment. Common methods and instruments of disposal are: dispersion, dilution, evaporation, broad irrigation, infiltration, privy or cesspool. Wastewater Facilities The structures, equipment and processes required to collect, convey and treat domestic and industrial wastes, and dispose of the effluent and sludge. Wastewater Management The collection and treatment of wastewater, including such ancillary matters as administration and financing, engineering planning and design, operation and maintenance, and monitoring and evaluation of overall performance. Wastewater Reclamation Processing of wastewater for reuse as opposed to disposal. Wastewater Reuse The direct or indirect use of treatment plant effluent for municipal, industrial, recreational, agricultural or water recharge applications. Wastewater Treatment Any process to which wastewater is subjected in order to remove or alter its objectionable constituents and thus render it less offensive or hazardous to human health and the environment. Wastewater Treatment Plant (1) An arrangement of devices and structures for treating wastewater, industrial wastes and sludge.Sometimes used synonymously with waste treatment plant, sewage treatment plant or wastewater treatment works. (2)A water pollution control plant. (3)A facility engineered and constructed to remove pollutants from a predominately liquid medium, often abbreviated as WWTP. Waterborne Disease A disease caused by organisms or toxic substances carried by water. The most common waterborne diseases are typhoid fever,Asiatic cholera, hepatitis,giardiasis, dysentery, tetanus, polio, and other intestinal disturbances. Water Pollution The addition of wastewater or other harmful material to water in concentrations or quantities that result in measurable degradation of water quality. Watershed A discrete geographic region defined by the movement of water on the surface and in the ground;the area land where the water drains into a river. Also referred to as a "river-basin". The RWQCB Region VIII is an example of a watershed. Watershed Management An integrated, holistic planning approach to water quality that takes into consideration all the possible impacts to water quality within a watershed. The watershed management approach is comprehensive in the assessment of water quality problems, and in the way it implements solutions. Weir (1) A wall or plate placed in an open channel used to measure flow of water. The depth of flow over a weir can be used to calculate flow rate,or a chart or conversion table may be used. (2) A wall or obstruction used to control flow (from settling tanks and clarifiers)to provide a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting. Weir Loading A guideline used to determine the length of weir needed on settling tanks and clarifiers in treatment plants. Used by operators to determine if weirs are hydraulically overloaded. Weir loading gpm/ft=flow, gpm divided by length of weir, ft. Wet Well A compartment in which a liquid is collected, and to which the suction pipe of a pump is connected. Zero Discharge A Congressionally mandated goal of the Clean Water Act;the discharge of a treated effluent containing no substance at a concentration higherthan found normally in the local environment. Zone of Initial Dilution An EPA definition abbreviated ZID;The area or zone immediately around the outfall in which the treated effluent mixes with seawater under conditions of no currents. Generally approximated as an area bounded by twice the water depth overthe outfall diffuser section. lii The California State Ocean Plan definition is more conventional, citing the criterion that initial dilution is complete at the point at which the initial buoyancy forces of freshwater discharged into saltwater reach equilibrium and further spreading is controlled by local currents.This process is complete in the first few minutes following discharge. Zooglea Ajelly-like matrix developed by certain bacteria. A major part of activated sludge floc and trickling filter slime. Zoogleal Slime Gray,slippery growth that covers rocks in a shallow stream. IN