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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1983-09-28COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICTS OF ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA P. 0. BOX 8 127. FOUNTAIN VALLEY. CALIFORNIA 92708 10844 ELLIS AVENUE (EUCLID OFF-RAMP. S AN DIEGO FREEWAY) September 21, 1983 NOTJCE OF ADJOURNED REGULAR MEETING DISTRICT NO. 1 WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1983 -4:00 P.M. 10844 ELLIS AVENUE FOUNTAIN VALLEY) CALIFORNIA TELEPH ON ES: AR EA CODE 714 540-2910 962 -24 1 1 Pursuant to adjournment of the re g ular meetin g of September 14, 1983, the Board of Directors of County Sanitation District No. 1 will meet in an adjourned meeting at the ab ove hour and date. WHB:pi 1 II ·BOARDS OF DIRECTORS County Sanitation Districts of Orange County, Califomla Post Office Box 8127 10844 Ellis Avenue Fountain Valley, Calif., 92708 Telephones: DISTRICT No. 1 Area Code 714 540-2910 962-2411 ADJOURNED REGULAR MEETING WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1983 -4:00·.P.M. ( 1 ) Ro 11 ca 11 AGENDA (2) Staff report on long-range finan~ial projections (a) Operating and Maintenance requirements (b) Capital requirements (3) Discussion re alternattve means of funding District's long-range financial needs (4) Consideration of action directing staff to proceed with selected financing alternative (5) Other business and communications, if any (6) Consideration of motion to adjourn ... COU NTY SA NI TATION DISTRIC TS of Q RA NGE C OUNTY . C ALIFO RNIA P.0 .BOX 8 127 10844 ELLIS AVENUE FOUNTAIN VALLEY , CALIFORNIA 92708 (714) 540-2910 September 21, 1983 (714) 962-2 411 MANAGER'S REPORT TO DISTRICT NO. l DIRECTORS Meeting Date: September 28, 1983, 4:00 P.M. The purpose of this meeting is to review the Districts' long-range financing needs and consider possible implementation of user fees and connection fees as a means to resolve t he anticipated shortfall. The enclosed 5-year cash flow projection indicates that during t h e 1984-85 fiscal year, the District No. 1 Operating Fund will experience a deficit of almost $500,000 due to increases in operating and maintenance costs in both the local collection system and in District No. l's share of the joint treatmentv and disposal facilities. By the 1986-87 fiscal year, the District's capital funds will also show a deficit of in excess of $1,500,000. Also enclosed is a tentative schedule for adopting and implementing proposed user fees and connection fees and a discussion outline of the verbal staff report that will be made at the meeting. COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICT NO. 1 Consideration of Long-Range Financial Requirements DISCUSSION OUTLINE A. Review 5-Year Financial Projections 1. Operating Shortfall -$4.6 million (See Schedule A) 2. Capital Shortfall -$2.4 million (See Schedule A) B. Financing Alternatives 1. Operating Revenue a. Ad valorem taxes 9/28/83 (1) Share of 1% allocation (current source = $1,150,000/year) 2. (2) Election to authorize separate ad valorem tax levy (four-year limit) .. b. User fees and basis for fee (See attached Table III-1 excerpted from Revenue Program) (1) Hearing and separate levy of special assessment (user charge) on the property tax bill (2) Separate user charge collected on water purveyors utility bill (3) Direct billing by Districts of separate user charge Capital Funding Source Application Policy a. Capital element added Improvements to Oser Charge (B.l.b. above) Reconstruction b. Connection Fees Expansion c. Revenue Bonds Improvements Reconstruction d. Loans Expansion e. Election to authorize Improvements separate ad valorem tax levy Reconstruction f. Special Assessment District Expansion g. Grant Funds (limited) Improvements 3. Other Considerations Affecting Long-Range Funding Requirements c. Staff Recommendation 1. Special assessment (user charge) to be collected on property tax bill (See Schedule B) a. Supplementals current 1% ad valorem tax apportionment b. Data Bases -County Assessor's Property Roll -Cities' Water Data 2. Connection Fee Proposal a. Recommended Fee Schedule (1) Residential:$ /unit ---- (2) Non-residential:$~ _____ 11,ooo sq. ft. D. Timetable for Implementation of User Fee Program (See Schedule C) E. Discussion F. Suggested Board Actions for Consideration 1. Direct staff to proceed with planning for implementation of a special assessment (user fee) to be collected on the property tax bill 2. Approve tentative timetable for implementation of user fee program 3. Direct staff to draft a connection charge ordinance for first reading on November 9, 1983. a. Establish a connection fee at $ per dwelling unit for residential ----properties b. Establish the basis for commercial/industrial properties as squa~e footage of improvements (buildings) and fix fee at $ /l,000 sq. ft. 10 11 12 13 1' u 1 6 l7 l! 19 20 21 22 23 :: 4 2S 26 27 28 29 )0 3l )) H lS 36 )7 J8 J9 40 H n 0 4 S H .:?!:~~;:'I C f"-""-::l - Rt ~•CV t 3 e C&c cy-Over ~:oc ~4St Y c •r I n ter es t. ' ~i .Jce l :.inl"OiJ S :nC'OQ e Ot n e r Rc ven;..1 e ShAC• o ! J oi nt Wo c ~.s ~ 'O Collect i o n Syste: H 4 0 ~n d Ot her Ope c . O t ~r !rpend1 tu:e s -:"OTA!. ~xr=t ':"l.~ ~es c c v es • C&cry--Ovc r t o Next Ye ar Ne t Year•3 Or y Pe r 1od ?und1n9 Re quice oents t'und BAl ~nc • oc IO<f 1c1 t) Con s t ruct ion ~r4n :s Fe e s : Conn e c :l on Othec s ~l c c ! C~foJCl t y R1 qr.:s Inter e st ' K1scc l l.1..r.co u s I ncoae Ot..-;e r tncoo• Sha r e ot Jo in t wor ~s T r c~t ~en t Plant Oi str1ct Collection Sy scc~ R t i~~~:se~c nt A ~rcc:c n t P3~e n ts O t~c r ?r;>end i t~re s Res e rves ' Car r y-Over t o ~ex ~ Ye ar Sext Ye 4 :' s Or y Per 1~ P •.i n .:!1:19 Re quirc :1cnts ~=d B.a h .. .,ce o c ("J e tlcit ) ~ -=-ut t.C\.'Y Int e r es t ' Misce ll ~nc~~s :nco~e Ot.?':e r l nco::e T07A!. IL~'\.""!: :'C'TAL .\V'-:!.Al!U ft.~O!SC !X?!:'l!l l ':'UR!S Bond ?clr.c !p.d ' tr.ttces t Ot . .''\c r !r;>cr.d :.t;..:r c .s Re .s e rves ' Ca rry-Over t o S ext Y c~r ~e xt Yco r•s Ocy Pe r i od rur.d inq Requlce~ents 1u..'>d B~l .ir.ce oc IOcf ict t ) ~ (Adj,..t<t<I f oe !ntec -r W>d 7rans!e c s ) R ~s e cve s £ C~rry-Ove: P:oc:. t~.s t Ye ~r ~c sc rv cs ' C•rry-Over t o Next Ye&r ~~x t Ye 4r•1 Dr y Pe r iod Yu nd lnq Requireme nts C'Olnr.'Y SAS !7ATI OS OI STR I C":" NO . STA~.Drr OP PROJ!:C-:EO C\SH rt.OW PISCAI. '!"EA RS 198)-!4 7MROUCH 1 987-88 865,000 l, B0,000 471 ,000 10 4,000 l , 1)2,000 2 ,857,000 1 ,722,000 2 ,067,000 277 , 000 2 ,29 4 ,000 l.42 8,000 1 ,14 7,000 281,000 9,122,000 426,000 24 0,000 277 ,00 0 907,000 l,8 50,000 9 . 972 ,000 2,704 ,000 lJS,000 1,112.000 l,971 ,000 6,001 ,000 6 ,00 1,000 88 ,00 0 62,000 9 ,000 71. 000 159,000 Sl ,000 81 ,000 78 ,000 78,000 -o- 9,075 ,000 l ,6 46 ,000 12. 721, 000 5 ' 21 4 '000 7,507,000 l,225 ,000 6,282,00 0 1,428 ,000 l, 242,000 541,000 H 7 ,000 1,910 ,000 l' 35 8 ! 000 2,178 ,000 190 ~ 000 2 ,56 8 ,000 79 0 ,000 1 ,2 8 4 ,000 ( 494 ' 000 ) 6,001,000 157,000 100,000 276 ,000 55,000 4 50,000 1 ,03 8 ,000 7,0 19,000 2 ,696,000 11 5 ,000 2 ,811,000 4,228 ,000 4 . 228' 000 78 ,000 71, 000 7, 000 78,00 0 15 6 ,000 80 , 000 80,000 16. 00 0 76 ,000 -o- 7 ,507,000 ),0 46 ,000 10 ,5 53 ,000 5, 459,000 5,094,000 1,360,000 l, 7H ,OOO 790 , 000 l, Hl ,00 0 62),000 103 ,00 0 2,067,000 2 ,857,000 2, 733,000 20 9. 000 2,9 42 ,000 185,000 ) 1, 47 1,000 11 ,556,000) 4 ,228 ,000 949. 000 100. 000 317 . 000 65,000 31 7,000 l ,H8 ,000 5 ,976 ,000 5, 188 ,000 100,000 5,288 ,000 688,000 68 8 ,00 0 76 , 000 72, 000 7, 000 79 ,00 0 155,000 78 ,000 78. 000 77, 000 77' 000 -o- 5,0 9 4,00 0 l, 894, 000 8 ,98 8 ,000 8 ,)08,000 680,000 1,5 48 ,000 1868 , 000) (8 5,000) 1,449 ,000 715, 000 46 . 000 2,211 ,000 2,126,000 3,152 ,000 2JO, 000 J,382,000 (l,256,000) l ! 69 l ! 00 0 . 12,90 ,000) 688,000 1 ,0 54 ,000 100 ,000 365,000 115, 000 52,000 l,6 86.000 2,3H,OOO 3,8Sl,OOO 100,000 3,951.000 (l, 577, 000) 11. 577 . 000) 77 ,000 68,000 8,00 0 76 ,000 15 3 ,000 76,000 76 ,000 77. 000 77 ' 0 00 -o- 680,000 3,97 1 ,000 4 ,653,000 7,409,000 (2, 756,000) 1,768,0 00 ( 4 . 524. 000 ) 11. 25 6, CO O) 1,564 ,000 824,000 50,000 2.08 ,000 l ,192 ,000 ),6 10 ,000 25 0 ,00 0 ). 860 , 00 0 (2 ,678,000 ) 1. 91 0 . 000 14. 60 8 . 000) (1. 577 ,000) 50 4 ,000 1 00 ,000 420,0CO 491. 000 l ,51 S,O OO (62 ,000) 2,272,000 10 0,000 2,372 ,000 (2, '3 4,000) 11. ~0 0 67,000 7,000 74 . 000 151,0 00 74,000 74 ,000 77,0 00 77 , 000 -o- (2 ,75 6 ,000) 4 ' 027' 000 l, 271 ,000 6 ,30 6 ,000 (5 ,0 35 ,000) 2,007,000 1 7 ,0 4 2.~00) 5-Yuc To tal 865,00 0 6, 746,000 3,175 ,0 00 450,000 l ,132,000 11,503,000 1 2,368,000 13 , 940 , 000 1 ,1 06,000 15 , 046 ! 000 (2,678 ,000) l ,930,000 14 ,60 8,000) 8,1 22,000 l ,090 ,000 400,000 l, 618 , 000 l ,003,00 0 1 ,726,000 7,837,000 15 ,959 ,000 16 ,711,00 0 550,000 1,132 ,000 1 9,391,000 (2 ,434 ,000) 12. 434, 000) 88 ,000 34 0,000 )8 ,000 378 ! 000 389,00C 389 ,000 77 , 00 0 77 , 00 0 -o- 9 , 075, 00 0 18,586 ,0 00 27 , 661, 000 32 ,696,00 0 15 ,035 ,000) 2,007 ,00 0 17 .0 42 ,COO ) .. 't_'"l'J ._ Billing Alternative 1. Separate charge as a special assessment on the property tax bill. 2. Se parate charge collec~ed . on water purveyor's utility billing . TABLE J "T -1 ALTERNATIVE PLANS FOR USER CHARGES WllEN AV TAXES ARE INSUFFICIENT TO PAY OM&R COSTS Probable Calculation Method SCHEDULE " Other Major Relevant Issues 1. Subdivide user classes into sub- classes such as single family and multi-family dwellings, office bu1ldings, small commercial estab- lishments, etc., and calculate flat rates attendant to each based on average discharges an<l system loading from representative samplings. 1. (a) Current Statutory authority exists 2. Base charge on water voltune (b) Requires a public hearing and separate notice of said hearing to all property owners. (c) Utilizes existing assessor file as data base and tax bill as billing tnechanism. l101~ever, data base would require s11b- stantial annual update at Districts' expense and conversion to a computer tape input by Districts to assess charge on tax bill. (d) Inaccuracy of Assessor's data base may result in high percent of billing errors and requit·e a customer se1·vice function. (e) Unsewered properties could be reflected in rate structure once identified and/ or separate provisions made for rebate. (f) Maximum charge for tax collector• s service is established at SS/account or 1% of cpllections, whichever is great e r. (g) Low delinquency factor. (h) Cush flow is not spread evenly. (i) Would satisfy notification requirement s 2. (a) Current statutory authority exists. However, it is permissive, not mandat- ory for the water utility. (b) Would not require a public hearing. (c) Would require contractual arrangements and system modifications with approx- imately 150 water purveyors . (Continued) .,~ ,. nilling Alternative 2. (Cont'd.) 3. Dire ct billing by CSOOC TABLE III-1( tCont'd) Probable Calculation Nethod 3. Same as 1. above utilizing assessor's files as th~ data base source. Other ~lajor Relevant Issues (J) Would require a minimum of data h:.isc maintenance by the Districts as this would be autom.atical ly done by the water utility. llowever, separate arrangements nta)' have to be made with the utility to reflect loadings of small commercial establishments. (e) Charge more directly associated with actual use (assuming use is r e lated to water consumption). (f) Unsewered properties would have to be identified and n system exception or rebate provision made. (g) lligh delinquency. (h) Cost of service by utility is unknown and would have to be negotiated or established by code amendments . (i) Cash flow would be more unifo1 . (j) Would satisfy notification require- ments. 3. (a) Current statutory authority exists. (b) Would require installation of expen- sive computerized billing system and associated perscnnel and administra- tive costs or contracting with an outside bureau. (c) ~lost costly method. (d) nequires extensive Jata base main- mnintcnance. (e) Inaccuracy of data base source may result in high percent of billing errors. (Continued) .. .- Dilling Alternative 3. (Cont'd.) 4. Impose a Separate AV Tax Levy TABLP. III-1 (Cont'd) Probable Calculati on Method 4. Based on property value Other Major Relevant Issues (f) Unscw cred properties could be re f lectcd in rate structure once identified and/ or separate provision made for rebate. (g) Expected delinquency fa c tor would be highest. (h) Cash flow impact would be base d on determination of billing frequency. (i) Would satisfy notification requirements. 4. (a) Requires 2/3 vo ter approval (b) Unsewered property issue would ' .ve to be resolved (c) Low delinquency factor (d) Most cost effective method (e) Cash flow not spread evenly (f) Would satisfy notification requirem en ts (g) Least equitable Ill 5 H E-< ~ ~ 0 ltl l:l f-< H :> H ~· ~ ~. [., .i; E-< " JlLY-AlllET Bl ffiPIJ:Mlffi-O:KBm B3 /\djrume:l ~beting to llcview Dist. No. 1 Fimnclal Ebsiti<n & Direct Staff tD Initiate Use!: ard CcmectlCJl Fee Rate Stu:lies 9/28/83 Pl1ELTMINM'f Tlt-EIMrE FOO IE\m!l.M:NI' a? L5ffi FEE 'IO BE CDUB:rn> FOO 1964-85 Fls::J\L mAR !OJEMJ'lHJ:X»t:lm Bl Review Preli mi l\l[Y Usa: Foo Ill tcrnat Ives Ii Direct Staff tD Make llfpropdate Proccm ing Arrancterreits First lm"Jing of Propooed O::JY1ec tl<n Fee Ordlnanoo msmrcr ""· l Jl\l>U\R'f-mJIUIR¥ B4 Secnd PLOOirg/ lldoptim o f O::n- necti<n Fee Ordl~ Acbpt Prelirnirary K\101-AAUL B4 Rooei~ile Usec Fee Rep:ct Describing Propert Ii Fee to be Levie:! Intra:Juoe Ord! 9/28/83 romu c ~Y\Y-JUE B4 Ccncl.ct l?Wllc nearing a1 Usec Foe Rep:ct ale! Ordi11iJ1CC? lld::l[X Ord 1rore I Usec Fees ale! E.stabllshlng User Ii Set Fee Sdiechle,, Reltiew 198 3--84 BITT:_JCt/f\Jture Cash Flew lleq.Jicenmts In llet:ermlne 1984-85 Prel.lmll\l[y Seo.e r use ::rYI <.nnectlm Fee Lewls Collect Data CJl SFIV'Mm'Come:claJ/ lrdlstrl~1t Fa::ilit.les in cro 11 Preµire Prelimirary User Fee llep:xt fer I Relriew a-.::1 DilOlssiai with llc:nrd of Directxxs Cootirue Negotlatlcn'.l with llfpropciab:! Agencies to Provld? Se\.ec Use Fee nil ling Se!vlais PtDl le It!'. kslqy' llaar ing Schedtle Ccnplete Flrol User Fee Rep:rt EIP Pm::2SSi ng to EK tr act Data/Set Fees Fee/Flxlng N>lic l\ut:h:Jc lze Cal.loot:- Hear lng Date CJl loo Via ~ter Usec Fee Retxxt Bill Ell' Prooesslng to Provide Fee O:lta tD 7'qalcy Pccfcrmlng 1904-65 nilling INotloe m ~tof ~le ~~kslqE-lDHD~!B ~ ~~ :--::------------n .. u--1 I fa'.Wlrd /\cbpt:.00 B4-B5 User Rates to nUl irq 1'qcr'cJ El'lter 84-65 Rates into nilling System MEETING DATE __ s_e_p_t_._28_,_1_9_8_3_TJHE 4 :oo p.m. DISTRICTS ~~~~~~~----------~ 1 DJ~TRICT 1 !CRANK) t I I. I I I I HANSON •• I I.. ~. ---GRISET J,,, •••• LYXiMRQYRQE~~­ HOESTEREY) I. I I SALTARELLI •• -v----- STANTON) •••••• WI EDER •••••• ~:::::::: DI STR JCT 2 MURPHY)•t••••1WEDAA11•••••----______ __ OVERHOLTJ,,,,,ROTH,,,,,,,, ADLER)~ I I•.• •••. BROWN. I. I. I.::::::::=== NELSON 1i11111COOPER,,,,,, ________ _ KUZNI~ ,,,,,,,HOLT,,,,,,,, ODLUM) ~I I I I I I I KAWANAH I I I I.:::: :::: === GRISET , •• ~ ••• LUXEMBOURGER __________ __ CULVER ,,,,,,,PERRY,,,,,,, _________ __ BEYER),,,,,,,,SMITH,,,,,,, HOLMBERGJ,,,,,WEDEL,,,,,,,:::::::::::::::::: STANTON),,,,,,WIEDER,,,,,, ___ ---·----CATLIN),,,, ,,,WINTERS,,,,, ________ _ DISTRICT 3 EDWARDS),,,,,,FINLAYSON,,, __________ __ LACAYl), I •• I •• MULLEN ••• I. I ADLER • ·,·, •••• I BROWN ••• · •••• :::: :::::: == PERRY ~,,,,,,,CULVER,,,,,, . SEIDEL ,,,,,,,FRESE,,,,,,,::::==== RISNER ,,,,,,,GRGAS,,,,,,, DAVfS)t,,,,,,, GRIFFlN,,,, .:::: ==:::: GRISETJ,,,,,,,LUXEHBOURGER RELL>. It~ I. I.~ ~MARSHOTT I. I·====== COOPERJ1~•••••NElSON11••••----~-__ __ OVERHOLT ~ •• ,;ROTH,,,,,.,, _____ ~--__ __ SELVAGG-I ~~ •• I SYLVIA. I •• I·-·------ !MANDIC)i t. ~I~~ THOMASi. I •• ·--· ---- :-tOLMBERGJ. ~.~.WEDEL. I •••• ·---·-------. STANTON),,,,,,WIEDER,,,,,, __________ __ (CATLIN_),,,,,·,., WINTERS·,,,,, ______ _ DISTRICT 5 !MAURER)' I •••• I HART. I I •••• ·-------HEATHERJ,,,,,,PLUMMER,,,,, ________ __ STANTON),,,,,,WIEDER,,,,,, ________ _ DISTRICT· 6 !CRANK) t ... I I I. I HUTCH I SON •• ·------MAURER J, •••••• HART •••••••• ________ __ STANTONJ,,,,,,WIEDER,,,,,, __________ __ DISTRICT 7 MAURERJ,,,,,,,HART,,,,,,,, ___ HOESTEREYJ,,,,EDGAR,,,,,,,----:::: ____ IBEYER)t•••••••SMITH,, ,, •••--__ · __ _ .G.R_IS·ET) •• ~.·I I .LUXEMBOURGER ·----- A-GRAN).·, •• I ... VARDO.UL Is. I·---··----- ( GRE"EN) It •• ·• I •• WAHNER. I •• I·-------(ST~NTONJ •• I I I .~IE·DER ••• I.·----- DISTR JCT 11 (MAC ALLISTER>. BAILEY. I. I I·-----(STANTON) •••• , .WIEDER •••••• __________ _ (M~C ALLISTERJ,PATTINSON,, .__:,_. ___ _ 9/28/83 JO I ~IT ROARD~ MAC ALLJSTER),BAILEY,,,,,, ADLER)t•••••••BROWN,,,,,,,:::: == NELSONJ,,, •••• COOPER •••••• PERRY),,•t•••1CULVER,,,,,,:::: == HOESTEREYJ,,,,EOGAR,,,,,,, _____ __ EDWARDi),,,,,,FINLAYSON,,, SEIDEL • I I I ••• FRESE. I·-· •..• ·==== RISNER ,,,,,,,GRGAS,,,,,,, DAVIS),,,,,,,,GRIFFIN,.,,.:::: == CRANK)~,,,,,,,HANSON,,,,,, MAURER ,,,,,,,HART,,,,,.,,::::== KUZNl1 ,,,,,,,HOLT,,,,,,,, CRANK I I. I •••• HUTCHISON.···==== ODL UM t I I I I I I. KAWA NAM I I I I I GRISETJ,,,,,,,LUXEHBOURGER :::::: RELL),~,,,,,,,MARSHOTT,,,, LACAYO ,,,,,,,MULLEN,,,,,,:::::::::: COOPER • I I. I\ I NELSON I. I I I I MAC ALLISTERJ,PATTINSON,, .----CULVER)\,,,,, ,PERRY,,,,,,,------ HEATHERJ,,,,,,PLUMMER,,,,,-------OVERHOLTJ\••••ROTH,,,,,,,,------- HOESTEREYJ,,,,SALTARELLI,, . :::::: BEYER),,t•••••SMITH,,,,,,, SELVAGGI} I. I,·, SYLVIA. I I I···====. MANOI~), •• I I I I THOMAS •• I I. I . AGRAN ,,,,,,,,VARDOULIS,,,--:::: GRcEN ,,,,,,,,WAHNER,,,,,, MURPHYJ•t•••••WEDAA,,,,,,,:::: == HOLMBERGJ,,,,,WEDEL,,,,,,, STANTON),,,,i,WIEDER,,,,,,:::: == CATLIN) •• I I I I. w INTERS I I. I·----·. STAF~: OTHJ:'R<;: HARPER,,,,,,~ __ __ SYLVESTER,,, __ _ LEWIS,,,,•,,_:__ __ CLARKE. I. I I·---·--- DAWES.·, • I I.·-----ANDERSON •••• __ .. __ _ BUTLER,,,,,, __ --·- BROWN, I ••• ··--~AKER •• I I •• ·------KYLEf1 •• I I •• __:__ -YOUNG,,,,,,, ____ . ____ ----· - WOODRUFF I • I... . . :::::: HOHENER,,,,,_. ___ _ HOWARD,,,,,, __ _.__ HUNT. I I. I ii I·--- KEITH •• I.·,.·-·-----KNOPF I I I I •• ·• LE BLANC •• I.:::::::: LINDSTROM. I·---LYNCH ••••••• ______ __ MARIINSON,,, _____ __ ·PEARCE •• I I I ·---·--